脐带间充质干细胞移植治疗终末期肝硬化的疗效及安全性

背景：骨髓间充质干细胞移植已应用于治疗终末期肝病并取得一定疗效。 目的：观察脐带间充质干细胞治疗终末期肝硬化患者的疗效及安全性。 方法：无菌条件下分离培养脐带间充质干细胞,选择60例肝硬化患者,在内科治疗基础上经肝动脉插管进行脐带间充质干细胞移植。 结果与结论：移植2,4,8,12周后,患者血清白蛋白、前白蛋白水平逐渐升高(P < 0.05),总胆红素、凝血酶原时间明显低于治疗前水平(P < 0.05)。移植后患者乏力、腹胀、纳差明显好转,未发生与移植相关的严重并发症。说明脐带间充质干细胞治疗终末期肝硬化安全有效,能改善患者的肝功能、凝血功能及临床症状。     

人脐带间充质干细胞诱导成骨及治疗骨缺损

背景：人脐带间充质干细胞在成骨及组织器官修复方面具有更强的扩增能力及低免疫原性,其成集落生长潜能及成骨时间早于骨髓等其他来源间充质干细胞。 目的：观察脐带间充质干细胞诱导成骨及移植治疗骨缺损的临床效果。 方法：应用组织块贴壁法提取人脐带间充质干细胞,体外行成骨诱导并通过光镜观察、茜素红染色、碱性磷酸酶染色、Ⅰ型胶原的表达等证实其体外成骨能力;对临床骨缺损病例行人脐带间充质干细胞移植,移植后定期复查骨缺损部骨痂生长状况。 结果与结论：体外诱导证实人脐带间充质干细胞具有明确的成骨作用。骨缺损患者在人脐带源间充质干细胞移植后2个月X射线见左股骨髁上骨折部位骨块间隙模糊,骨折外周形成明显的骨痂,骨折断端相连,断端骨折线依然存在;移植后3个月见骨痂间已经形成明显骨性连接。证实脐带间充质干细胞具有体外诱导成骨及体内移植修复骨缺损作用。     

脐带间充质干细胞移植治疗初发1型糖尿病

背景：研究证实,新诊断的1型糖尿病患者,接受自体造血干细胞治疗后,绝大多数患者胰岛β细胞功能增强,不依赖胰岛素的时间也延长。 目的：观察人脐带间充质干细胞移植治疗初发1型糖尿病的临床疗效。 方法：选择12例病程<3个月的初发1型糖尿病患者,其中6例行人脐带间充质干细胞和胰岛素治疗,另外6例行单纯胰岛素治疗。移植前及移植9个月后分别监测空腹及餐后血糖、胰岛素用量、C肽、HbA1c的变化和记录不良反应。 结果与结论：随访9个月,干细胞治疗组的空腹血糖,糖化血红蛋白及C肽水平都有明显的改善,而对照组C肽水平明显下降,其他指标变化不明显。提示,人脐带间充质干细胞治疗初发1型糖尿病疗效良好。     

脐带间充质干细胞移植治疗帕金森病效果分析

目的 探讨脐带间充质干细胞移植治疗帕金森病的临床效果.方法 选择我院收治的38例帕金森病为研究对象,采用足月妊娠产妇脐带处理后干细胞,于第2周期进行鞘内注射移植治疗.分析治疗后临床症状及体征改善情况.治疗前及治疗后1个月,采用帕金森病统一评分量表（UPDRS）对患者精神、行为、情绪、日常活动、运动功能、并发症进行评价.结果 所有患者的静止性震颤、运动迟缓、肌强直、姿势步态障碍均不同程度缓解,治疗过程中及治疗后患者各项生命体征均较平稳.38例患者移植后UPDRS评分显著低于移植前,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.治疗过程中患者有低热、头痛、腰痛、兴奋症状出现,给予对症处理后均完全缓解.均未见抗移植物宿主病.结论 脐带间充质干细胞移植可显著改善帕金森病患者的临床症状.     

自体骨髓间充质源神经干细胞移植应用于中枢神经系统疾病7例

背景：前期应用骨髓间充质源神经干细胞移植治疗模拟神经系统疾病动物实验模型取得较好效果。 目的：观察应用自体骨髓间充质源神经干细胞移植治疗中枢神经系统疾病的临床疗效。 方法：2008-10/2009-04应用自体骨髓间充质源神经干细胞移植治疗中枢神经系统疾病患者7例。骨髓穿刺术抽取自体骨髓血50~60 mL,在体外经过分离培养后,制成骨髓间充质干细胞悬液,由患者自体脑脊液诱导定向分化为神经干细胞,通过腰椎穿刺术经蛛网膜下腔鞘内注射输注方式移植。观察患者移植前后神经功能缺损症状及移植后不良反应。 结果与结论：经移植治疗后3例患者均未见不良反应。出院后随访6个月,7例患者神经功能缺损症状较移植前均有一定程度的改善。提示自体骨髓间充质源神经干细胞移植治疗中枢神经系统疾病所致的神经功能缺损疾病是一种安全、方便、有效的方法。     

自体骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗脑出血的疗效观察

目的探讨自体骨髓间充质干细胞治疗脑出血近期有效性和安全性。方法 2009-01—2012-01我院神经外科收治的脑出血患者45例。移植组20例通过蛛网膜下腔注射方式行自体骨髓间充质干细胞移植,选择同期入院但未行干细胞移植的25例作为对照组。分别于移植前和移植后6个月进行神经功能缺损程度评定(NIHSS评分)和日常生活活动能力评定(Barthel指数)。同期随访血常规、生化全项、肿瘤标记物以观察其安全性。结果移植前2组NIHSS评分及Barthel指数基本相似。与对照组比较,移植后6个月治疗组NIHSS评分显著降低(P<0.05),Barthel指数显著升高(P<0.05)。与移植前比较,治疗组在移植后6个月NIHSS评分显著降低(P<0.05),BaRhel指数显著升高(P<0.05)。2例患者在移植后出现一过性发热,予对症处理后症状缓解。随访各项血液检查结果无明显异常。结论采用自体骨髓间充质干细胞治疗脑出血临床疗效安全有效,近期临床疗效明显,远期治疗效果有待观察。     

脐带间充质干细胞移植治疗帕金森病8例**★

背景：中枢神经系统的神经细胞是一种终末细胞，任何病理过程导致的神经元丢失都将是一个不可逆过程。 目的：观察间充质干细胞移植治疗帕金森病患者神经功能的效果。 方法：选择2010-08/11上海455医院干细胞移植中心收治的帕金森病患者8例，男4例，女4例，年龄50~78岁。所有患者均住院治疗，自第2周起应用脐带间充质干细胞进行颈动脉穿刺移植治疗，采用帕金森病统一评分量表(Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale，UPDRS)对患者移植前后神经功能进行评定，分值越高表示神经功能缺损越严重。 结果与结论：8例患者均进入结果分析。与移植前相比，8例患者移植后1个月帕金森病统一评分量表分值均明显降低(P < 0.05)，主要集中在对震颤、强直的改善，而运动迟缓、姿势不稳等临床症状无明显改善。8例患者均未出现移植物抗宿主病。提示脐带间充质干细胞移植可以一定程度地改善帕金森病患者的临床症状，提高患者生活质量。     

自体骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗脑出血32例：是否安全、可行及有效？

背景：大量动物实验证实骨髓间充质干细胞在适宜条件下能够定向分化为神经细胞,但目前其应用于临床治疗神经系统损伤性疾病的报道较少。 目的：观察自体骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗脑出血的近期疗效。 方法：以2007-11/2009-01聊城市脑科医院神经外科收治的32例脑出血患者作为治疗组,根据患者一般状况及血肿量大小,分别行钻孔引流或开颅血肿清除,均留置血肿腔引流管,退至血肿腔边缘,通过引流管注射自体骨髓间充质干细胞悬液3.5 mL。选择同期入院但未行干细胞移植的40例患者作为对照组。分别于移植前和移植后6个月进行神经功能缺损程度评定(NIHSS评分)和日常生活活动能力评定(Barthel指数),行颅脑MRI、血生化指标、肿瘤标记物检查,监测干细胞移植的安全性。 结果与结论：移植前两组患者NIHSS评分及Barthel指数基本相似。与对照组比较,移植后6个月治疗组NIHSS评分显著降低(P < 0.01),Barthel指数显著升高(P < 0.01)。与移植前比较,治疗组在移植后6个月NIHSS评分显著降低(P < 0.01),Barthel指数显著升高(P < 0.01)。治疗组2例患者在移植后出现一过性发热,予对症处理后症状缓解。移植后6个月随访,除1例患者因肺癌导致肿瘤标记物CA-153升高外,颅脑MRI及血生化指标均未出现明显异常,说明自体骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗脑出血是安全可行的,且在近期内疗效确定,远期疗效尚待进一步观察。     

异种脐带间充质干细胞静脉应用的安全性

背景：人脐带间充质干细胞因其来源丰富,具有较强增殖分化能力,不涉及伦理道德问题,有望成为组织修复与再生工程的首选细胞。但是,对人脐带间充质干细胞异种静脉移植的安全性研究较少。 目的：观察Wistar大鼠静脉输注人脐带间充质干细胞后的安全性。 方法：SPF级Wistar大鼠30只,随机分为空白对照组、阴性对照组、细胞移植组,每组10只,雌雄各半。体外分离扩增人脐带间充质干细胞,细胞移植组大鼠尾静脉一次注射5×106间充质干细胞,注射体积为1 mL;阴性对照组大鼠尾静脉一次注射相同体积50 g/L葡萄糖注射液。注射后每天观察大鼠一般症状,14 d后解剖动物,进行血常规、血生化和脏器病理学检查及脏器质量测定。 结果与结论：细胞移植组大鼠血常规、血生化与对照组比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。细胞移植组大鼠脏器组织病理学观察与对照组大鼠无明显光镜下形态学差别。结果提示Wistar大鼠一次性静脉移植人脐带间充质干细胞是安全可行的,人脐带间充质干细胞异种移植对受者无不良影响。     

人脐带间充质干细胞移植治疗大鼠创伤性脑损伤

背景：脐带间充质干细胞体内移植治疗脑损伤的效果目前尚较少见报道。 目的：观察人脐带间充质干细胞移植对大鼠液压冲击脑损伤的治疗作用。 方法：从新生儿脐带中分离、培养间充质干细胞。制作中度打击大鼠脑损伤模型。实验分为4组：①脐带间充质干细胞移植组：损伤后原位移植脐带间充质干细胞。②对照组：损伤后原位注射等量DMEN/F12培养基。③单纯损伤组：仅施行损伤。④假损伤组：仅切开头皮及颅骨,不实施机械性损伤。 结果与结论：脐带间充质干细胞移植后1~3周,动物神经功能评分较对照组明显改善;4周后,各组动物神经功能评分均恢复正常。免疫组织化学检测表明少部分移植细胞表达神经元特异性烯醇化酶,胶质纤维酸性蛋白。与对照组相比,移植组损伤区血管内皮生长因子表达明显增加,凋亡细胞减少。提示脐带充间质干细胞脑内移植有助于促进创伤性脑损伤后的早期功能恢复,这种治疗效果是通过刺激宿主细胞分泌血管内皮生长因子,增加损伤区微血管密度,抑制宿主细胞凋亡等实现的。     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Limits of deinstitutionalization--perspectives of relatives of psychiatric patients

After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.     

Summary of legislation of 1935 of interest to the department of Mental Hygiene

Psychiatric Quarterly -