苦参饮片质量标准研究

目的:建立苦参饮片的质量标准。方法:采用薄层色谱(TLC)法对制剂进行定性鉴别,采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定制剂中苦参碱和氧化苦参碱的含量。结果:TLC中斑点清晰、分离度好。苦参碱、氧化苦参碱的进样量分别在0.02494～0.64844μg(r=0.9999)、0.0734～1.9084μg(r=0.9999)范围内与各自峰面积积分值呈良好线性关系;二者平均回收率分别为102.9%、102.3%,RSD分别为6.9%、2.7%(n=6)。结论:所建标准可用于苦参饮片的质量控制。     

麦味地黄胶囊质量标准提高研究

目的：修订并提高麦味地黄胶囊的质量标准。方法：采用薄层色谱法鉴别处方中麦冬、酒萸肉、牡丹皮和茯苓;采用高效液相色谱法同时测定酒萸肉中的莫诺苷、马钱苷和醋五味子中的五味子醇甲的含量。结果：麦冬、酒萸肉、牡丹皮和茯苓的薄层鉴别方法专属性强;莫诺苷、马钱苷和五味子醇甲的线性范围分别为0.02～0.63μg（r=0.9999）、0.02～0.62μg（r=1）、0.01～0.24μg（r=0.9999）,平均回收率分别为96.3%（RSD=0.6%）、97.7%（RSD=0.3%）、100.6%（RSD=1.9%）。     

HPLC-DAD法测定商品苦参根茎和根中5个生物碱的含量

目的:测定商品苦参根茎和根中苦参碱、氧化苦参碱、槐果碱、氧化槐果碱、槐定碱的含量,主要了解苦参根茎中苦参碱和氧化苦参碱总量是否达到中国药典2010年版规定的不低于1.0%。方法:采用Welch Materials XtimateTM C18(4.6 mm×150mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相A为10 mmol.L-1醋酸铵水溶液(0.1%氨水调至pH 9.2),流动相B为乙腈,梯度洗脱,流速1 mL.min-1,检测波长220 nm。结果:苦参碱进样量在0.1575～2.205μg(r=0.9999),氧化苦参碱在0.8985～12.58μg(r=0.9999),槐果碱在0.1360～1.904μg(r=0.9999),氧化槐果碱在0.4398～6.153μg(r=0.9998),槐定碱在0.2092～2.926μg(r=0.9998)范围内呈良好的线性关系;加样平均回收率(n=3)分别为101.0%～102.5%(RSD≤2.1%),100.8%～101.6%(RSD≤2.8%),102.3%～103.6%(RSD≤1.2%),102.2%～103.4%(RSD≤1.1%),102.4%～103.3%(RSD...     

妇康洗剂质量标准研究

目的:建立妇康洗剂的质量标准。方法:采用TLC法对处方中苦参、紫草、甘草、乌梅进行定性鉴别;采用HPLC法以乙腈-甲醇-0.1%磷酸溶液(三乙胺调pH至7.5)(12:5:83)为流动相;在检测波长220 nm处测定氧化苦参碱和苦参碱的含量。结果:TLC鉴别分离度良好,专属性强。氧化苦参碱在0.1946~2.9190μg,相关系数r为0.9999,线性关系良好;苦参碱在0.1134~1.7010μg,相关系数为0.9999,线性关系良好。平均加样回收率分别为99.63%(RSD为2.19%)、99.12%(RSD为1.33%)。结论:该方法简便、准确,重复性好,可有效控制妇康洗剂的质量。     

开喉剑喷雾剂的质量控制

目的：建立开喉剑喷雾剂的质量控制标准。方法：用薄层色谱法定性鉴别制剂中的八爪金龙;采用高效液相色谱法测定制剂中苦参碱的含量,色谱柱：Agilent ZORBAX NH2（250mm×4.6mm,5μm）,流动相：乙腈-异丙醇-3%磷酸溶液（82∶4.5∶13.5）,检测波长：220nm,流速：1.0mL·min-1,柱温：30℃。结果：薄层色谱斑点清晰,分离度好,阴性无干扰;苦参碱的线性范围分别为0.25872～2.58720μg（r=0.9999）,平均加样回收率（n=6）分别为102.51%,RSD分别为1.43%。结论：定性定量分析方法快速、准确、专属性强,本法更好地控制开喉剑喷雾剂的质量。     

白庀丸的质量标准

目的:建立白庀丸质量标准。方法:用薄层色谱法对处方中的川芎、当归、苦参、苍术进行定性鉴定;采用薄层扫描法对苦参中的氧化苦参碱进行含量测定。结果:薄层色谱中斑点清晰易于观察,氧化苦参碱在0.4～2.0μg范围内线性关系良好,r=0.999 8,平均回收率为97.1%,RSD为2.6%(n=5)。结论:方法简便准确,能有效控制制剂的质量。     

苦参配方颗粒质量控制研究

目的建立苦参配方颗粒的质量控制标准。方法采用薄层色谱(TLC)法鉴别苦参配方颗粒中苦参碱、槐定碱和氧化苦参碱。采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定苦参配方颗粒中苦参碱和氧化苦参碱,色谱条件为Lichrospher-5NH2色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm);流动相:乙腈–无水乙醇–3%磷酸溶液(80∶10∶10);体积流量:1.0mL/min;柱温:30℃;检测波长:220nm;进样量:10μL。结果苦参碱、槐定碱和氧化苦参碱在TLC色谱图中相应的位置上显相同的斑点。苦参碱在0.15～1.58μg、氧化苦参碱在0.17～1.68μg呈良好的线性关系,回收率分别为98.3%、101.5%,RSD值分别为1.35%、1.73%。结论该方法快速、灵敏、准确,可用于苦参配方颗粒的质量控制。     

高效液相色谱法测定当归苦参丸中苦参碱和氧化苦参碱

目的建立测定当归苦参丸中苦参碱和氧化苦参碱含量的高效液相色谱法。方法采用Phenemonex C18（250mm×4．6mm，5μm）色谱柱，流动相：乙腈-0．1％三氟醋酸溶液（5：95），流速：1．0mL·min^-1，检测波长：208nm，柱温：35℃。结果苦参碱和氧化苦参碱线性范围分别为0．0512～0．3584μg（r=0．9990）和0．1924～1．3468μg（r=0．9999）；平均回收率分别为98．73%,100．14％（n=6）。结论该方法操作简单，重现性好，检测灵敏度、准确度高，且样品分离效果好。适用于当归苦参丸中苦参碱和氧化苦参碱的含量测定。     

连蒲胶囊中苦参含量测定方法研究

目的进行连蒲胶囊中苦参的含量测定方法研究。方法建立高效液相色谱-可变波长检测法（HPLC-VWD）测定制剂中苦参碱的含量。结果苦参碱在0.412μg-6.592μg·mL^-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,回归方程：A=1670.26x-9.28（r=0.9999,n=7）,回收率103.4%,RSD=1.0%（n=9）。结论本法简便快捷、准确可靠,可为连蒲胶囊的质量标准研究提供依据。     

蒙药肝乐康胶囊的质量标准研究

目的:建立蒙药肝乐康胶囊的质量标准。方法:采用薄层色谱(TLC)法对方中肋柱花、栀子、苦参进行定性鉴别;采用高效液相色谱法测定苦参中苦参碱和氧化苦参碱的含量:色谱柱为lnertsil NH2Columns C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-3%磷酸水-无水乙醇(80∶10∶10,V/V),流速为0.1 ml/min,柱温为30℃,检测波长为220 nm。结果:肋柱花、栀子、苦参的斑点清晰、分离度好;苦参碱的进样量在0.2¹.2μg、氧化苦参碱在0.31.2μg、氧化苦参碱在0.3¹.8μg范围内与各自峰面积积分值呈良好线性关系;二者精密度、稳定性、重复性试验的RSD<1.72%;平均加样回收率苦参碱为102.00%(RSD=0.93%,n=6),氧化苦参碱为98.02%(RSD=0.78%,n=6)。结论:所建标准可用于蒙药肝乐康胶囊的质量控制。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.