《外照射放射性骨损伤诊断标准》解读

国家职业卫生标准——《外照射放射性骨损伤诊断标准》已经卫生部批准并发布.此标准是在广泛调研国内外文献、系统学习相关法律法规,进一步明确了制定此标准的依据和原则的基础上制定的.此标准主要用于事故性照射以及职业性慢性外照射所致骨骼损伤的诊断,对医疗照射引起骨骼损伤的诊断也有指导意义.为更好地贯彻执行这一标准,也为了能正确诊断和及时治疗外照射放射性骨损伤患者,该文对标准的相关内容进行解读.     

《放射性肝病诊断标准》解读

国家职业卫生标准——《放射性肝病诊断标准》已经放射性疾病诊断标准委员会通过,并报送卫生部待批准发布.此标准是在广泛调研国内外文献的基础上、依据相关法律法规制定的.此标准主要用于事故性照射所致肝病的诊断,对医疗照射引起肝病的诊断也有指导意义.为更好地贯彻执行这一标准,并能正确诊断和及时治疗放射性肝病患者,该文对标准的相关内容进行了解读.     

《放射性甲状腺疾病诊断标准》解读

国家职业卫生标准——《放射性甲状腺疾病诊断标准》已经卫生部批准并发布.此标准是在广泛调研国内外文献的基础上、依据相关法律法规制定的.此标准主要用于职业性照射所致甲状腺疾病的诊断,对医疗照射引起甲状腺疾病的诊断也有指导意义.为更好地贯彻执行这一标准,并能正确诊断和及时治疗放射性甲状腺疾病患者,该文对标准的相关内容进行解读.     

《放射性神经系统疾病诊断标准》解读

国家职业卫生标准——《放射性神经系统疾病诊断标准》已经由卫生部发布并实施.此标准原为放射性脑、脊髓、外周神经损伤3个独立的标准,但在临床工作中3者的损伤往往相伴出现,为了实现标准的整体性及可操作性,因此将3个诊断标准合并为《放射性神经系统疾病诊断标准》,此标准是在广泛调研国内外相关文献、总结临床实践经验,并参考国外相关出版物的基础上制定的.此标准主要适用于职业性放射性神经系统疾病的诊疗,医疗照射引起的神经系统疾病的诊疗也可参照使用.为了更好地执行此标准,也为了能正确处理放射性神经系统损伤,该文对标准的主要内容包括剂量阈值、临床表现、分度标准、治疗原则等进行解读.     

《放射性皮肤癌诊断标准》解读

国家职业卫生标准——微射性皮肤癌诊断标准》已经卫生部批准并发布。此标准是在广泛调研国内外文献、系统学习相关法律法规,进一步明确了制定此标准的依据和原则的基础上制定的。此标准主要用于事故性照射以及职业性慢性外照射所致皮肤癌的诊断。为更好地贯彻执行这一标准,也为了能正确诊断和及时治疗外照射放射性皮肤癌患者,该文对标准的相关内容进行解读。     

《荧光原位杂交分析染色体易位估算辐射生物剂量技术方法》解读

国家职业卫生标准——《荧光原位杂交分析染色体易位估算辐射生物剂量技术方法》是在收集整理、全面阅读了与该标准有关的国内外文献资料和我国现行有效的放射性疾病诊断标准,将资料汇总分析后经实验室反复验证的基础上制定的.此标准主要用于早先事故受照人员的生物剂量估算,为临床放射损伤的诊断提供科学依据.为了使放射性疾病临床工作者更好地理解、贯彻执行该标准,该文对标准的相关内容进行了解读.     

放射性心脏损伤诊断方法的研究进展

放疗是胸部恶性肿瘤的主要治疗方法之一。放疗过程中心脏不可避免地会受到照射,引起早期或晚期的心脏结构或功能损伤,严重降低了放疗患者的生活质量。随着放疗在胸部恶性肿瘤中的应用,其所致心脏损伤的发病率也在逐步升高。因此,对诊断放射性心脏损伤的方法(如血液学和影像学等)的研究,力求早发现和指导早干预是当代临床医师所面临的重大问题。     

放射性心脏损伤的研究状况

60年代初期以前,人们一直认为心脏对于电离辐射的作用基本上是不敏感的。直到60年代后期和70年代初期Fajardo和Stewart等在做了一系列细致的观察后,才明确提出了辐射可以引起心脏损伤。近年来,随着临床胸部肿瘤放疗技术的广泛应用,心脏常因超量照射而发生放射损伤的报道日渐增多。为此,本文对放射性心脏损伤的发病机理、诊断与治疗等综述如下。     

胸部肿瘤急性放射性心脏损伤临床研究

胸部恶性肿瘤放疗过程中,心脏不可避免受到一定剂量的照射,近年来的研究提示心脏的放射性损伤不容忽视［1-2］。随着放射治疗技术的不断发展和临床疗效的提高,一些肿瘤患者获得长期生存,放射性心脏损伤问题逐渐突出,对患者的长期生存率及生活质量有一定影响。本研究通过分析心电图、心肌酶谱、心肌肌钙蛋白I、心功能状况的改变,以期为指导临床预测和评价放射性心脏损伤提供一定参考。     

联合国原子辐射效应科学委员会第32届会议报告

联合国原子辐射效应科学委员会第32届会议,于1983年6月20到24日,在奥地利维也纳召开。委员会讨论的主要问题概述如下: 1.天然放射性所致照射秘书处最初起草的资料,标题为单一的和技术发展所增加的放射性所致照射。但这两者很难区别。而且,人们生活习惯不同,受照剂量亦不同。故讨论认为,应将此标题改为“天然放射性所致照射”更为确切。天然放射性对个人或群体的照射,分为职业照射和普通生活环境的照射。天然放射性的照射剂量,可作为判断其它放射性照射剂量的标准。天然放射性的照射包括建筑物内天然放射性照射、工业活动引起的天然放射性照射,非     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

人体中的镭-226、镭-228、钋-210、铅-210

本文报道了广东阳江高本底地区6名、对照地区8名人尸体的骨²²⁶Ra、²²⁶Ra的浓度以及部分居民内脏器官中。²¹⁰Po、²¹⁰Pb的浓度。结果轰明阳江高本底地区和对照地区居民骨镭-226、镭-228的浓度分别为29.9pCi/kg, 26.9pCi/kgl 8.7pCi/kg, 8.2pCi/kg.由此估算出阳江高本底地区屠民骨中²²⁶Ra、²²⁸Ra的负薄璧及对骨衬、骨髓所产生的剂量当量分别为对照地区民民的3.4倍, 3.3倍。两地区居民内脏器官中^{210Po、210Pb的测定分析铡数较少但仍看出, 高本底地区均明显高于对照地区.}     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).