人类疱疹病毒6型与口腔恶性肿瘤相关性的研究

目的：研究人类疱疹病毒6型（HHV-6）的感染与口腔恶性肿瘤的相关性及其在临床诊疗中的意义。方法：运用巢式PCR技术,对40例口腔恶性肿瘤患者的血液、唾液、癌组织、正常组织及加例正常对照人群血液、唾液中人类疱疹病毒6型DNA进行检测分析。结果：恶性肿瘤组和对照组唾液中HHV-6 DNA阳性率分别为85．0％、45．0％,其差别具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;两组血液中HHV-6检出阳性率分别为67．5％、22．5％,其差别亦具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。两组唾液中的阳性检出率均大于血液。癌组织阳性检出率（78．95％）显著大于正常组织（10．53％）,具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：进一步证实了唾液腺是HHV-6长期潜伏和增殖的部位,唾液是其主要的传播媒介,为临床简便有效诊断提供参考。HHV-6感染与口腔恶性肿瘤之间存在相关性,可能参与肿瘤发生、细胞癌变的过程。     

人类疱疹病毒6型与口腔鳞癌发生的相关性研究及临床意义

目的研究人类疱疹病毒6型(HHV-6)感染与口腔鳞癌发生的相关性及其临床意义。方法运用巢式PCR技术,检测82例口腔鳞癌、25例癌前病变及40例正常对照人群唾液、血液、组织中HHV-6感染情况。结果正常对照组、癌前病变组、鳞癌组HHV-6在唾液中的检出率分别为45.0%、56.0%、72.0%,在血液中的检出率分别为22.5%、48.0%、57.3%,总阳性率为47.5%、56.0%、80.5%,趋势差异均具统计学意义(P<0.05);3组HHV-6检出率唾液普遍高于血液,在正常组和鳞癌组中差异具统计学意义(P<0.05)。鳞癌组癌组织中HHV-6检出率(78.95%)显著大于癌旁正常组织(10.53%),具统计学意义(P<0.01);随着鳞癌分化程度的降低,HHV-6的阳性率有下降的趋势,但无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论唾液腺是HHV-6长期潜伏和增殖的部位,唾液是其主要的传播媒介;HHV-6的激活/再感染发生在黏膜病变的早期,其感染与口腔鳞癌的发生存在相关性,可能直接参与了细胞癌变的过程。     

245例人类免疫缺陷病毒感染者唾液中人类疱疹病毒1～4型的检测情况分析

目的探讨人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染者唾液中人类疱疹病毒（HHV）1～4型即单纯疱疹病毒1型（HSV-1）、单纯疱疹病毒2型（HSV-2）、水痘-带状疱疹病毒（VZV）和EB病毒（EBV）的分布情况。方法利用聚合酶链反应（PCR）方法对HIV感染者和健康者非刺激性全唾液中HSV-1、HSV-2、VZV和EBV DNA的存在情况进行检测,并采用SPSS 18.0软件建立数据库并进行相关指标的统计分析。结果在245例HIV阳性患者唾液中,HSV-1、HSV-2、VZV和EBV检出率分别为29.0%、3.3%、4.1%和82.0%;30例对照组唾液中上述4种病毒检出率分别为13.3%、0、0和36.7%。两组总体检出率比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。高效抗逆转录病毒治疗（HAART）使用后HIV感染者唾液中4种病毒的检出率与未使用HAART的患者差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论云南地区HIV感染者HHV有较高的流行率,以EBV最为常见,其次为HSV-1,VZV和HSV-2少见,还存在多种疱疹病毒联合感染。     

人类疱疹病毒-5～8型与口腔扁平苔藓发病间的关系

目的探索人类疱疹病毒（HHV）-5～8型与口腔扁平苔藓（OLP）发病之间的关系。方法选用实时定量聚合酶链反应检测方法,分别采集36例OLP患者的外周血白细胞、血浆、唾液以及病损区脱落细胞、非病损区脱落细胞和活检组织作为研究对象,另外选取43例健康人相同部位组织作为对照组。结果 HHV-5在OLP组中的阳性样本检出率依次为白细胞50.00%（8/16）、唾液25.00%（4/16）、活检组织80.00%（4/5）、病损区脱落细胞50.00%（8/16）、非病损区脱落细胞18.75%（3/16）,健康对照组则依次为白细胞30.00%（3/10）、唾液20.00%（2/10）;HHV-6在OLP组中的阳性样本检出率依次为白细胞18.75%（3/16）、活检组织40.00%（2/5）、病损区脱落细胞12.50%（2/16）,健康对照组仅唾液10.00%（1/10）;HHV-7在OLP组中的阳性样本检出率仅有唾液30.00%（6/20）,健康对照组也仅有唾液15.00%（3/20）;HHV-8在所有样本中未检出。结论 HHV-5与OLP的发病有关联（χ2=6.8290,P〈0.05,Pearson列联系数0.2080）,HHV-5检出的病毒拷贝数在试验组内的白细胞列与病损脱落细胞列之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。但HHV-6和7与OLP的发病关系不能确定。     

实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测复发性阿弗他溃疡患者中人类疱疹病毒5型和8型的潜伏

目的采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测轻型复发性阿弗他溃疡(RAU)患者4种样本中人类疱疹病毒5型(HHV-5)和8型(HHV-8)的潜伏情况。方法选择18例轻型RAU患者为试验组,同时选择健康者23名为对照组进行临床采样,样本包括唾液、病变区脱落细胞、病变区组织块及外周血。然后用实时荧光定量PCR检测4种样本中HHV-5和HHV-8的DNA。结果HHV-5仅在试验组患者病损区组织块样本中能检测到,而在对照组的组织块样本中没有检测到。试验组和对照组的血液和唾液样本中均有HHV-5阳性检出,但两组比较其差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);试验组和对照组的脱落细胞样本中均无HHV-5阳性检出。试验组和对照组的4种样本中HHV-8均检出阴性。结论HHV-5在RAU患者的溃疡区可能有潜伏。     

HIV相关口腔疱疹病毒感染的研究情况

人类疱疹病毒（HHV）感染是常见的HIV相关口腔机会性病损,对患者的生命质量造成严重影响。本文就疱疹病毒病原体、HIV感染者口腔黏膜疱疹病毒感染的现状及HAART使用后对HIV相关口腔疱疹病毒感染的影响等方面进行综述。     

口腔AIDS—卡伯济肉瘤中卡伯济肉瘤相关性疱疹病毒样DNA序列

卡伯济肉瘤(KS)在HIV感染和AIDS患者中极为常见,其常见的致病因子之一为疱疹病毒。最近学者们在典型KS、移植性KS、局限性KS和AIDS-KS中发现了一种新的人类疱疹病毒(KSHV/HHV-8,KS330_(233bp)),并认为它可能是引起KS发生的病因。本文作者应用多聚酶链反应(PCR)技术对AIDS-KS损害中的KSHV/HHV-8 DNA序列进行了检测。 选择54例口腔AIDS-KS损害者(其中47例未经治疗,7例为长春花碱—Vinblastine治疗后),5例无KS的HIV阳性者,3例无KS的HIV阴性者。应用PCR技术测定病变组织DNA中的KSHV/HHV-8,     

VEGF在头颈部Kaposi肉瘤中的表达及其与HHV-8病毒相关性研究

目的:研究血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)在头颈部Kaposi肉瘤(Kaposi's sarcoma,KS)中的表达,并分析人类8型疱疹病毒(Human Herpesivirus-8,HHV-8)感染对其表达的影响,探讨VEGF与头颈部KS发生发展的关系.方法:应用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测3例头颈部KS和3例正常对照组织中VEGF mRNA表达,免疫组化S-P法检测9例头颈部KS和正常对照组织中VEGF蛋白的表达,并用Western blotting检测感染有HHV-8病毒的BCBL-1细胞和未感染HHV-8病毒的BJAB细胞中VEGF蛋白的表达水平.结果:VEGF在头颈部KS中的mRNA和蛋白表达水平均高于正常对照组织(P＜0.05),且VEGF蛋白在BCBL-1细胞中的表达较BJAB细胞高,差异有显著性(P＜0.01).结论:VEGF在头颈部Kaposi肉瘤中高表达,并且其高表达与感染HHV-8密切相关.     

因口腔健康状况就诊患者HIV感染现状及感染者WB带型分析

目的 了解南京某口腔医院就诊患者的HIV感染现状及HIV感染者的蛋白印迹实验（WB）蛋白抗体的分布特征。方法 采用描述流行病学分析对患者一般资料进行回顾性调查。样本率的比较用SPSS 23.0软件进行卡方分析。结果 2008年8月—2019年6月进行HIV抗体筛查的患者共计47 825例,其中确诊HIV感染者35例,以20～40岁年龄组为主要年龄构成比,男女性别比6∶1,南京地区患者占60%。人群HIV感染率0.59/10万。人群HIV抗体筛查阳性率0.73‰,男性显著高于女性,黏膜组显著高于非黏膜组。HIV感染者首诊检出率88.57%。同时进行其他检测的HIV感染者,白色念珠菌阳性率100%,白细胞降低率7%。WB蛋白抗体条带分析,gp160,gp120和gp41的检出率均为100%,p55检出率最低为43.75%。结论 口腔专科医院医生需要了解艾滋病的各种临床表现,促进口腔医院就诊患者中的HIV感染者的早发现和早治疗。日常诊疗工作中需加强防护,防止HIV的医源性感染。     

致龋菌、唾液缓冲能力与婴幼儿龋的相关性研究

目的探讨唾液中变形链球菌、乳酸杆菌和唾液pH值、缓冲能力与婴幼儿龋的关系。方法将178名42～54个月的儿童分为患龋组（患龋牙数≥5）87例和无龋组91人。吐唾法采集非刺激性唾液和嚼蜡法采集刺激性唾液各2ml，用选择性培养的方法检测刺激性唾液中变形链球菌、乳酸杆菌的检出率和计数水平；测定非刺激性及刺激性唾液的pH值和缓冲能力。结果患龋组唾液变形链球菌和乳酸杆菌的检出率分别为96．6％和79．3％，显著高于无龋组的63．7％和27．5％（P〈0．05）；患龋组两种细菌的计数水平比无龋组高近10倍。患龋组和无龋组刺激性唾液的初始pH值和对酸的缓冲能力均显著高于非刺激性唾液（P〈0．001）；患龋组刺激性和非刺激性唾液的初始pH值和缓冲能力均显著低于无龋组（P〈0．05）；无龋组中变形链球菌、乳酸杆菌和唾液pH值、缓冲能力之间无明显的相关性；患龋组刺激性唾液的缓冲能力与变形链球菌的计数水平显著相关（r=0．249，P〈0．05）。结论变形链球菌和乳酸杆菌是婴幼儿龋的重要致病菌；唾液的初始pH值和缓冲能力偏低可能是影响婴幼儿龋的重要因素。     

Oral ulcers in AIDS patients frequently associated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections

Oral ulcers are common in AIDS patients, with a wide spectrum of underlying causes, including different viruses. In the present study, the presence of cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) DNA was analysed in 21 biopsies from oral ulcers of 17 male homosexual AIDS patients. The methods used were in situ hybridization (ISH) and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with subsequent non-radioactive Southern blot hybridization to confirm the specificity of PCR products. With ISH, 4 biopsies were CMV DNA-positive and 11 contained EBV-DNA. Using PCR, an additional 4 CMV- and 7 EBV-positive samples were detected, and HHV-8 DNA was present in three oral ulcers. Six of the patients (35%) had oral ulcers co-infected by two or three viruses. The overall figures for patients with the detectable EBV-, CMV-, and HHV-8 DNA were 82% (14/17), 35% (6/17) and 18% (3/17), respectively. This is the first study to show the frequent presence of EBV-DNA in oral ulcers of AIDS patients. Because ISH-positivity signifies active virus replication, these results implicate an etiological role of EBV in AIDS-associated oral ulcers. The causal role of HHV-8 has to be considered as well, because this virus was detected in three such ulcers, which were not associated with Kaposi's sarcoma. To conclude, three common members of the herpesvirus family (CMV, EBV, HHV-8) were detected in all but three ulcers in AIDS patients, warranting the inclusion of these viral analyses in the diagnosis of ulcerative lesions of the oral mucosa in all immunosuppressed individuals.     

Presence of human herpes virus-8 in saliva and non-lesional oral mucosa in HIV-infected and oncologic immunocompromised patients

BACKGROUND/AIM: Human Herpes Virus-8 (HHV-8) is a recently identified virus etiologically associated with Kaposi's sarcoma. Studies regarding its presence in the oral cavity have given variable results. This study attempted to determine the oral presence of HHV-8 in an area where classic Kaposi's sarcoma is primarily found such as Greece. METHODS: Three groups of patients were studied: 10 immunocompromised with hematologic malignancies, 10 immunocompromised with HIV infection and 20 immunocompetent as controls. Whole unstimulated saliva and scrapes from the lingual and the buccal mucosa were collected and polymerase chain reaction was applied to amplify HHV-8 DNA. RESULTS: None of the patients in any group had oral lesions. In the control group, all samples tested negative (0/60). HHV-8 DNA was detected in 5/30 (17%) of all samples from HIV-positive patients (the mean value of their CD4+ T-lymphocytes being 385/mm3) and in 13/30 (43%) of all samples from oncologic patients (mean CD4+ T-lymphocytes 51/mm3). HHV-8 DNA was found in 10% of saliva samples and 40% of lingual and buccal scrapes both of HIV-infected and of oncologic patients. CONCLUSION: HHV-8 is present in the saliva and the non-lesional oral mucosa (not simultaneously) of patients with impaired immunity, with or without HIV co-infection. The oral epithelium seems to represent an independent location of viral residency and may be of viral replication; the clinical implications need further clarification.     

HHV-6, HHV-7, HHV-8 in gingival biopsies from chronic adult periodontitis patients. A case-control study

BACKGROUND: Recent reports have suggested that various herpesviruses may be involved in the occurrence and progression of different forms of periodontal disease. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to investigate the presence of the novel herpesviruses HHV-6, HHV-7 and HHV-8 in gingival biopsies from patients affected by chronic adult periodontitis. As control, gingival biopsies from periodontally healthy subjects were analysed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Gingival biopsies were harvested from 23 volunteers: 13 patients affected by chronic adult periodontitis (CAP) and 10 periodontally healthy subjects. Each CAP patient contributed two biopsies involving the epithelium and connective tissue facing the sulcus/periodontal pockets: one biopsy from a site having a probing pocket depth (PPD) > or =5 mm and presenting with bleeding upon probing (affected site) at the time of biopsy collection, and the other biopsy from a site with PPD< or =3 mm and without bleeding on probing (nonaffected site). After DNA extraction, nested PCR was used in herpesvirus identification. RESULTS: HHV-6 DNA sequences were detected in one non-affected site (8%) and no affected sites (0%) of CAP patients. One biopsy (10%) in healthy subjects revealed HHV-6 positivity. Tissue specimens in 10/13 CAP patients (77%) and 7/10 healthy subjects (70%) contained HHV-7 DNA. HHV-7 prevalence in affected and nonaffected sites of CAP patients was 77% and 54%, respectively. HHV-8 was detected in 7.7% of CAP patients and 0% of healthy subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Gingival tissue may act as a reservoir for HHV-7. A high prevalence of HHV-7 was detected in both periodontally diseased and healthy individuals. The prevalence of HHV-6 and -8 was similarly low in both groups. Our data do not support an association of investigated herpesvirus species with destructive periodontal disease.     

Herpesviruses 6, 7 and 8 in HIV- and non-HIV-associated periodontitis

Human herpesviruses, especially cytomegalovirus and Epstein Barr virus type-1, occur with higher frequency in subgingival specimens from periodontitis lesions than from healthy/gingivitis sites. Little or no information is available on the relationship between herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) and herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) and periodontal disease. This study determined the periodontal occurrence of HHV-6, HHV-7 and HHV-8 in 21 HIV-seropositive and 14 HIV-negative adults affected by periodontitis. Gingival biopsy specimens and paper-point samples of subgingival plaque were collected from sites showing 5 mm or more in probing depth. Nested polymerase chain reaction methodology was employed in herpesvirus identification. In the HIV-seropositive periodontitis group, 90% of gingival biopsies and 62% of subgingival plaque samples revealed at least one of the test viruses. HHV-6 occurred in 71%, HHV-7 in 67% and HHV-8 in 24% of gingival biopsies. In the HIV-negative adult periodontitis group, 43% of gingival biopsies showed at least 1 of the test viruses, with HHV-6 present in 21% and H HV-7 in 29% of gingival biopsies and with no detection of HHV-8. The combined occurrence of the 3 test herpesviruses was significantly higher in HIV-seropositive than in HIV-negative adult periodontitis patients (p = 0.008). The human periodontium might constitute a site of infection or reservoir for HHV-6, -7, -8.     

Human herpesvirus 8 and oral health care: an update

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this report was to review the current literature on human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) with particular attention to the aspects of interest for dental health care workers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The authors searched original research and review articles on specific aspects of HHV-8 infection, including virology, epidemiology, transmission, diagnosis, natural history, therapy, and oral aspects. The relevant material was evaluated and reviewed. RESULTS: HHV-8 is a recently discovered DNA virus that is present throughout the world but with major geographic variation. In the Western world, the virus, transmitted mainly by means of sexual contact, is strongly associated with Kaposi's sarcoma and body cavity-based lymphoma and more controversially with multiple myeloma and non-neoplastic disorders. There is no specific effective treatment, but human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors may play an indirect role in the clearance of HHV-8 DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. HHV-8 DNA is present in saliva, but as yet, there are no documented instances of nosocomial transmission to health care workers. The prevalence of HHV-8 among dental health care workers is probably similar to that in the general population. CONCLUSION: HHV-8 does not appear to be ubiquitous in most populations, particularly in western Europe and the United States, where it may be restricted to a population at risk of having Kaposi's sarcoma develop (men infected with human immunodeficiency virus and patients who are iatrogenically immunosuppressed). Most serologic studies suggest a global HHV-8 seroprevalence of 2% to 10% and show that the virus may be under immunologic control in people who are healthy but infected with HHV-8. Also, HHV-8 certainly has the means to overcome cellular control and immune responses and thus predispose to malignancy. To date, there are no data to suggest that health care staff members are at particular risk of HHV-8 acquisition through occupational routes.     

Seroepidemiology of herpes virus infections among dental personnel

Objectives: To examine the possible occupational hazard of infection with human herpes viruses among dental personnel.

Methods: Sera from 81 preclinical dental students, 53 clinical dental students and 103 qualified dental surgeons were tested for antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus type 6 (HHV-6). The same number of control subjects, matched individually for age (± 1 year), sex and social class, was also examined. Antibodies were detected by ELISA for HSV-1, latex agglutination for CMV, indirect immunofluorescence with P3HR1 cells for EBV and indirect immunofluorescence with infected JJhan cells for HHV-6. Each participant also completed a questionnaire to permit correlation of demographic data and risk factors with serological results.

Results: No significant difference in seroprevalence was detected between any of the dental groups and their respective controls. There was a significantly higher prevalence of antibodies to EBV among clinical students (P = 0.02) and qualified dentists (P = 0.0003) than among preclinical students. These significant increases were not mirrored in the three corresponding control groups.

Conclusion: The results suggest a possible occupational risk of infection with EBV in dentists. There was no evidence for a significant risk of occupational infection with HSV-1, CMV or HHV-6.     

口腔鳞癌患者与健康人唾液差异蛋白组学的初步研究

目的:研究口腔鳞癌患者与健康人唾液蛋白差异表达情况.方法:收集口腔鳞癌患者唾液17例,健康人唾液17例,通过以双向凝胶电泳技术以及质谱鉴定和生物信息学分析,寻找在口腔鳞癌患者唾液中差异表达的蛋白质.结果:选取口腔鳞癌患者和正常人唾液中具有明显差异表达的10个蛋白质点,进行质谱鉴定和生物信息学分析,共鉴定出3种差异表达的蛋白质,其分别为S100A8、S100A8/S100A9及表皮角蛋白2(EK2)在口腔鳞癌患者唾液中均呈高表达.结论:S100A8、S100A8/S100A9及EK2可能与口腔鳞癌患者发生有关.