海军某部官兵下腰痛调查与分析

目的：调查分析海军某部官兵下腰痛患病情况。方法：选择海军某部官兵859例,通过发放自行设计的兵种职业病调查问卷表,并结合现场检查及诊断,调查官兵下腰痛总体患病情况及其疼痛原因、程度和频率等。结果：海军官兵罹患下腰痛602例,患病率70.1%。其中基地官兵326例,患病率为60.9%;潜艇官兵184例,患病率为93.4%;其他舰艇及驻岛官兵92例,患病率为28.4%。基地官兵下腰痛326例中,因久坐而腰局部酸痛者最多,其次为疲劳后疼痛;执行任务舰艇及驻岛部队官兵下腰痛276例中,因久坐而疼痛加重者占33.9%,因搬运重物而疼痛加重者占22.3%;每周疼痛1次者占40.0%,每天疼痛2或3次者占36.6%。结论：海军官兵下腰痛患病率较高,应有针对性地开展腰背肌训练等知识教育,提高官兵自我防护意识。     

舰艇官兵长航期间口腔溃疡发生情况调查与分析

目的：调查了解长航期间舰艇官兵口腔溃疡的发生率及其影响因素。方法：采用自行设计的健康调查问卷,对某部海上长航官兵274例进行口腔溃疡发生情况调查。结果：口腔溃疡发生率为48.5%,与饮食习惯、体力消耗、胃肠道疾病等呈显著正相关。结论：长航期间应改变舰艇官兵饮食习惯,降低口腔溃疡的发生率。     

“866”医院船官兵长航期间鼾症情况调查

目的：调查海军医院船官兵远航期间睡眠时的打鼾情况,为选拔长航舰艇官兵提供健康依据。方法：通过问卷调查,筛选出睡眠时打鼾的医院船官兵并对其进行健康体检,寻找导致打鼾的可能因素。结果：172名官兵中,有鼾症14例,占8.1%,其中有呼吸暂停的8例,占4.6%;鼾症14例中,扁桃体肥大、小下颌畸形和舌体肥厚各3例,鼻中隔偏曲、软腭低垂咽腔狭窄各2例,过敏性鼻炎1例。结论：选拔海军长航舰艇官兵时,应通过健康查体找出导致打鼾的可能因素并进行干预。     

水面舰艇人员医疗服务需要及利用研究

目的　了解海军某水面舰艇人员医疗服务需要和利用的基本情况,为上级卫生决策部门合理分配卫生资源提出决策建议。方法　采用分层整群随机抽样,共调查某水面舰艇人员 1291名,采用SPSS10. 0进行分析。结果　水面舰艇人员中团及团以下干部、士官的两周患病率、半年慢性病患病率显著高于义务兵(χ2两周 = 44. 443,P<0. 01;χ2慢性 = 47. 217,P<0. 01),骨骼、肌肉系统疾病 (含外伤 )、消化系统疾病、呼吸系统疾病是水面舰艇部队的常见病和多发病。门诊服务主要集中在舰艇医务室,占61. 47%,支队医院占 12. 01%、地方医院占 14. 66%。结论　水面舰艇部队官兵医疗服务需要量大,但利用有待提高。建议开展有针对性的健康教育,使部队官兵增强自我保健意识。卫生管理机构应加大对基层重点保障部位的投入,更好满足基层官兵的医疗服务需要。     

高原驻训官兵消化道不适发生情况调查

目的:调查了解高原驻训官兵消化道不适发生情况及其影响因素和临床特点等,为采取应对措施提供参考。方法:采取群体调查法,选择初次和再次到高原驻训官兵2187例,调查到达高原后出现腹胀、反酸、胃灼热、便秘、腹痛、腹泻、恶心、呕吐等症状,对消化道不适与年龄、性别、驻训高度、到高原次数等因素的关系进行分析。结果:本组2187例中,发生消化道不适148例,占6.9%。其中出现腹胀、反酸、胃灼热、便秘、腹痛、腹泻、恶心、呕吐等多种症状的103例(69.6%),单一症状的45例(30.4%)。排在前3位的依次是腹胀、便秘和腹痛。到高原后出现消化道不适官兵年龄为(23.3±7.6)岁,未出现消化道不适官兵为(25.1±7.3)岁;两组比较,差异不显著(P>0.05)。驻2500~3000m海拔高度791例中,出现消化道不适40例,占5.3%;驻3000m以上1396例中,出现消化道不适108例,占7.7%;两组比较,差异显著(P<0.05)。结论:高原性消化道不适发生率较高,应引起重视及采取相应措施。     

某舰艇部队官兵心电图检查结果分析

目的：探讨海军某舰艇部队官兵心电图异常的相关因素，提出针对性的心血管疾病预防保健措施。方法：对2012年6月来我院健康体检的某舰艇部队官兵202例的心电图检查结果进行统计分析。结果：舰艇官兵心电图检查结果阳性率为33．17％，其中ST-T改变阳性率最高，其次为心律异常；心电图阳性率在高龄段显著升高（P〈0．05），且随着舰艇生活时间的增加而增高。结论：海军舰艇官兵应定期进行心电图检查，以便及时发现心血管疾病的危险信号，尽早采取预防保健措施。     

1302名舰船官兵复发性口腔溃疡发病情况调查与分析

目的 了解舰船官兵口腔溃疡发病情况与影响因素.方法 对舰船官兵以舰船为单位整体抽样,分别对口腔溃疡发病、诊治情况和患病的影响因素等以问卷的方式进行调查,对患病率等加以统计分析.结果 所调查官兵口腔溃疡患病率达29.8%,其中水面舰艇28.5%,潜艇官兵36.1%,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),不同服役年限官兵之间患病率独立性检验存在差异(P<0.05).同时多数患者在心理和工作上受到影响.结论 舰船官兵口腔溃疡患病率较普通人群要高,应加强舰船官兵口腔溃疡的预防和治疗干预.     

1302名舰船官兵复发性口腔溃疡发病情况调查与分析

目的 了解舰船官兵口腔溃疡发病情况与影响因素.方法 对舰船官兵以舰船为单位整体抽样,分别对口腔溃疡发病、诊治情况和患病的影响因素等以问卷的方式进行调查,对患病率等加以统计分析.结果 所调查官兵口腔溃疡患病率达29.8%,其中水面舰艇28.5%,潜艇官兵36.1%,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),不同服役年限官兵之间患病率独立性检验存在差异(P<0.05).同时多数患者在心理和工作上受到影响.结论 舰船官兵口腔溃疡患病率较普通人群要高,应加强舰船官兵口腔溃疡的预防和治疗干预.     

1302名舰船官兵复发性口腔溃疡发病情况调查与分析

目的 了解舰船官兵口腔溃疡发病情况与影响因素.方法 对舰船官兵以舰船为单位整体抽样,分别对口腔溃疡发病、诊治情况和患病的影响因素等以问卷的方式进行调查,对患病率等加以统计分析.结果 所调查官兵口腔溃疡患病率达29.8%,其中水面舰艇28.5%,潜艇官兵36.1%,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),不同服役年限官兵之间患病率独立性检验存在差异(P<0.05).同时多数患者在心理和工作上受到影响.结论 舰船官兵口腔溃疡患病率较普通人群要高,应加强舰船官兵口腔溃疡的预防和治疗干预.     

1302名舰船官兵复发性口腔溃疡发病情况调查与分析

目的 了解舰船官兵口腔溃疡发病情况与影响因素.方法 对舰船官兵以舰船为单位整体抽样,分别对口腔溃疡发病、诊治情况和患病的影响因素等以问卷的方式进行调查,对患病率等加以统计分析.结果 所调查官兵口腔溃疡患病率达29.8%,其中水面舰艇28.5%,潜艇官兵36.1%,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),不同服役年限官兵之间患病率独立性检验存在差异(P<0.05).同时多数患者在心理和工作上受到影响.结论 舰船官兵口腔溃疡患病率较普通人群要高,应加强舰船官兵口腔溃疡的预防和治疗干预.     

出海训练人员的心理卫生状况分析

目的　探讨航海环境因素对不同人员心理方面的影响及比较其不同之处。方法　对参加海上卫勤训练的军医大学学员和舰员的一些神经心理学指标进行检测 ,了解这些指标在训练前后的改变。应用 SCL- 90量表及神经行为测试系统 (NES- C2 )测量舰员与学员出海前后的情感状态、心算、符号译码、视觉保留等因子。结果　航海训练后舰员、学员心理卫生水平均有所下降 ,与学员相比舰员受到的影响更大。结论　航海训练影响舰上工作人员的心理健康 ;而舰员的心理健康水平下降更为明显 ,这可能与其职业特点造成的心理健康水平低于一般非舰员有关     

营养知识、态度和行为干预对潜艇官兵膳食营养状况及健康状况的改善效果

目的:探讨营养知识、态度和行为(KAP)干预对潜艇官兵营养状况和体检结果的干预效果,为促进潜艇官兵身体健康、强健体质提供策略。方法:采用整群随机抽样法选取264名潜艇官兵进行营养KAP干预1年,干预前后分别进行营养KAP问卷调查、膳食营养状况调查和健康状况检查。结果:干预1年后潜艇官兵营养KAP得分(36.17±5.72)较干预前(32.18±5.16)显著提高,差异有统计学意义( P<0.05)。膳食营养状况:干预后油脂类摄入量为(82.78±26.38) g,较干预前(121.24±21.32) g显著降低;干预后奶类摄入量为(220.36±20.57) g,较干预前(112.26±46.48) g显著提高;差异均有统计学意义( P<0.05)。健康状况:干预后体检结果异常检出率为45.18%,较干预前的73.31%显著降低,差异有统计学意义( P<0.05)。 结论:通过对潜艇官兵进行营养KAP干预,官兵膳食营养状况及体检结果得到改善,营养KAP干预可有效保障官兵健康。     

Leisure physical activity and various pain symptoms among adolescents

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between leisure physical activity and various pain symptoms in adolescents. METHODS: In this nationwide cohort based cross sectional study in Finland, 698 schoolchildren, 344 girls and 354 boys, aged 10 to 17 years responded to a questionnaire on pain symptoms (neck and shoulder pain, upper back pain, low back pain, upper limb pain, lower limb pain, headache, and abdominal pain) and physical activity habits and also participated in a fitness test. RESULTS: Reported physical activity correlated with measured fitness. Musculoskeletal pains (p = 0.013) (in particular low back pain (p = 0.022), upper limb pain (p<0.001), and lower imb pain (p<0.001)) were found more often in subjects participating in large amounts of leisure physical activity, while non-musculoskeletal pains (p = 0.065) (in particular headache among boys (p = 0.004)) tended to be less common. Co-occurrence of different musculoskeletal pains was common in subjects participating in sports. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to its likely long term health benefits, vigorous physical activity causes musculoskeletal pains during adolescence. This should be considered when tailoring health promotion programmes to adolescents. Also, co-occurrence of musculoskeletal pains may occur as the result of sports activity, which should be considered as a confounder in epidemiological studies on fibromyalgia and related issues.     

我国海上舰艇官兵疾病谱的Meta分析

 

目的 对我国海上舰艇官兵疾病谱数据进行汇总,并运用Meta分析的方法计算出我国海上舰艇官兵的发病率,为海上舰艇官兵的卫勤保障工作提供循证依据。方法 检索中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据(WanFang Data)、重庆维普(VIP)、Web of Science、PubMed、Medline、Embase等数据库中有关我国海上舰艇官兵疾病谱的文献,使用RevMan5.3、Stata16.0软件对海上舰艇官兵疾病的发生率进行合并,检验异质性并选择相应的效应模型,采用Egger检验评估各文献发表偏倚。结果 共计3篇文献纳入研究,样本合计1295人,Meta分析结果显示,各系统疾病发病率排名前6位的是呼吸系统疾病(44.30%),损伤、中毒或外因的某些其他后果(22.48%),皮肤疾病(20.30%),眼耳鼻喉口腔疾病(18.82%),消化系统疾病(18.04%),肌肉骨骼系统或结缔组织疾病(13.51%)。结论 卫生部门应根据官兵发病情况,在任务前期,重点关注呼吸系统疾病,合理调配医疗资源,确保官兵圆满完成各项任务。

     

Sports activities, body weight and smoking in relation to low-back pain: a population-based case-referent study

The study aims to describe the influence of sports activities, high body weight and smoking on low‐back pain. The results were obtained from a population‐based case‐referent study, the Musculoskeletal Intervention Center (MUSIC)‐Norrtälje study. In all, 342 male and 449 female cases, and 662 male and 948 female referents participated. Neither low‐intensity training many hours/week (>=5 h) nor high‐intensity training few (1–2 h), intermediate (3–4 h) or many hours (>=5 h) per week affected the risk of low‐back pain among men. Few (1–2) hours with high‐intensity training increased the relative risk of low‐back pain among women, RR 1.6 (1.1–2.4). An increased risk of low‐back pain was found for men with high body weight, RR 2.2 (CI 1.2–3.9) but not for women. Smoking did not influence the risk of low‐back pain.     

Frequency of musculoskeletal symptoms in diagnostic medical sonographers. Results of a pilot survey

INTRODUCTION: We report the results of a pilot survey in diagnostic medical sonographers. Aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency of musculoskeletal disorders in sonologists and the relationship of these symptoms to ergonomic factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 340 sonographers (258 male, 82 female doctors; mean age 41.5 +/- 7.2 years) were given a questionnaire to fill out. The questionnaire asked questions about the sonologist's age, gender, technique of ultrasound procedure, physical activity, and work-related musculoskeletal complaints. Two symptom lists regarded carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) symptoms (8 items) and other work-related musculoskeletal symptoms (13 items). The categorized response variables "have now" or "in the past" were provided. The symptoms experienced were categorized into three levels as no symptoms, few symptoms (1-4 symptoms), and many symptoms (> 5 symptoms). RESULTS: One third of the respondents reported having at least one or more work-related symptoms in the upper extremities. The most frequent symptoms were tingling (17.6%), numbness or finger pain (13.5%). Carpal tunnel syndrome had been diagnosed in 5 cases (1.5%). More than 60% of all respondents have experienced one or more musculoskeletal symptoms in the cervical or lumbar spine. The commonest symptom was neck and low back pain (67%). The pain was generally intermittent and occurred at the end of the workday. Motion impairment in the neck and/or back was present in 23.5% of cases. Twenty-five percent of respondents had received treatments for their symptoms and 10% reported having stopped work because of their symptoms. Data analysis showed that muscular efforts such as gripping the transducer, applying sustained pressure, and scanning with a correlated flexed or hyperextended wrist were significantly correlated with increasing severity of symptoms in the hand, wrist, and forearm area. On the other hand, low back pain appeared to be negatively correlated with correct position of the body. CONCLUSIONS: Several physical risk factors (e.g., repetitive work and force exertion, twisting of the body and poorly-adjustable chairs) have been identified for work-related upper extremity and spine disorders. Ergonomic redesign of the workstation configuration as well as allowing sufficient recovery time to body and arm muscles appear to be the main goals to achieve prevention of musculoskeletal disorders in sonographers.     

神经科护士腰背痛相关因素及对策

目的：研究和分析神经科护士腰背痛相关因素,探讨相应的对策,以促进神经科护士的身心健康,提高工作效率。方法：对我院50名神经科护士进行腰背痛的问卷调查。结果：神经科护士腰背痛总发病率为80．0％,其中工作〈3年的护士为68．4％,3。6年的护士为80．0％,≥7年的护士为90．5％（P〈0．05）。结论：神经科护士是患腰背痛的高危人群。通过加强工作技能培训,坚持体育锻炼,合理的组织管理等对策,能够降低神经科护士腰背痛的发病率。     

水面舰艇艇员与地面官兵健康体检结果分析

目的通过对549名水面舰艇艇员和378名地面官兵年度健康体检的结果分析,综合疾病分布,为水面舰艇艇员疾病诊治、科学训练、健康指导、体检结论提供依据。方法对2015年1—12月来院的549名水面舰艇艇员和378名地面官兵健康体检结果进行分析。结果水面舰艇艇员在患病种类和患病率方面均高于地面官兵,其中高脂血症、屈光不正、口腔疾病、心电图异常、肝功能异常、脂肪肝是水面舰艇艇员常见病和多发病,因视力问题结论待定的最多。结论水面舰艇艇员患病率较地面官兵高,个别部队把关不严,需引起部队高度重视,并制定有针对性的健康促进方案和卫生保健措施。     

Musculoskeletal injuries in the Norwegian National Ballet: a prospective cohort study

The purpose of the present study was to determine the incidence of musculoskeletal injuries among professional ballet dancers in the Norwegian National Ballet. A 19 weeks prospective study with registration and clinical assessment of dancers with injuries was conducted. Medical staff working for the National Ballet registered incidence of injuries. In addition the dancers filled out a questionnaire about previous injuries, their work situation, and factors they believed increased the risk of injuries. Of the 41 dancers (80% response rate), 31 dancers experienced one injury or more. The majority of injuries involved foot and ankle. Twenty-two per cent of the injuries were acute injuries. Seventy-five per cent of the injuries were soft tissue injuries. Most injuries were of mild to moderate severity. Sixteen per cent of the injuries resulted in absence from work. Factors, the dancers believed were associated with risk of injuries were related to training, organizational factors and environmental factors. Seventy-eight per cent of the dancers experienced "negative" stress at work. Sixty-four per cent experienced that they had little influence on their work conditions. This study showed, however, no significant association between these psychological factors and musculoskeletal injuries. It is concluded that there is a high incidence of musculoskeletal injuries in the Norwegian National Ballet.     

Injuries and illnesses among armor brigade soldiers during operational training

This study describes injury and illness rates and some risk factors among soldiers from an armor division during a rotation at the National Training Center (Fort Irwin, California). Soldiers from a brigade of the 1st Cavalry Division were involved in a 5-week training exercise at the National Training Center. Health care visits were systematically recorded by the unit medics. Of 4,101 men and 413 women who participated in the exercise, 504 soldiers (409 men and 95 women) sought medical care at the main support medical clinic or Weed Army Community Hospital. The rates of injury and illness visits were 1.2% and 0.6% per week for men and 2.3% and 2.2% per week for women, respectively. Women had twice the risk of an injury and 3.5 times the risk of an illness, compared with men. Compared with other branches, combat service support soldiers had higher rates of injuries and illnesses. Enlisted soldiers of lower rank (E1-E4) experienced higher injury and illness rates than did noncommissioned officers and commissioned officers. Musculoskeletal injuries, environmental conditions, and dermatological conditions accounted for most visits.