番荔枝内酯单体squamocin诱导人肺腺癌A549细胞凋亡的实验研究

目的 观察番荔枝内酯单体squamocin对人肺腺癌A549细胞的体外增殖抑制及诱导凋亡的作用,并探讨squamocin诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的机制。方法 MTT法检测不同浓度的squamocin对人肺腺癌A549细胞体外增殖的影响;流式细胞仪检测squamocin干预在不同时间点对人肺腺癌A549细胞凋亡率的影响;Western blotting检测squamocin干预前后细胞凋亡相关蛋白caspase-3、Bax和Bcl-2的表达情况。结果 MTT法显示,squamocin对人肺腺癌A549细胞的体外抑制作用随着squamocin浓度的增加和作用时间的延长而增强,24、48、72h半数抑制浓度（IC50）分别为16.54、9.28、6.17μg／ml;流式细胞仪检测显示,在24、48、72h实验组人肺腺癌A549细胞凋亡率之间及其与阴性对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）,其中实验组72h的细胞凋亡率最高,为（51.87±1.79）％Western blotting显示,squamocin干预后细胞凋亡相关蛋白caspase-3和Bax表达上调,Bcl-2表达明显下调。结论 squamocin可诱导人肺腺癌A549细胞凋亡,这可能与squamocin上调细胞凋亡相关蛋白caspase-3、Bax表达以及降低抑制细胞凋亡基因Bcl-2表达有关。     

miRNA-192对非小细胞肺癌A549／DDP细胞顺铂耐药性的影响

目的 探讨抑制microRNA-192（miR-192）在非小细胞肺癌A549／DDP细胞对顺铂（DDP）耐药性方面的影响及可能机制。方法 通过实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）法检测人肺腺癌耐DDP细胞株A549／DDP及其亲本细胞株A549细胞中miR-192的表达水平,A549／DDP细胞转染miR-192抑制剂（inhibitor）和miR-阴性对照（NC）48h后采用qRT-PCR检测转染效率,分别采用MTT法、克隆形成实验及流式细胞术检测转染48h后A549／DDP细胞对DDP的药物敏感性、细胞增殖能力及细胞凋亡变化,Western blotting检测转染48h后细胞中Bax和Bcl-2的表达变化。结果 miR-192在A549／DDP细胞中的表达水平高于A549细胞（P＜0.05）;转染miR-192 inhibitor 48h后的A549／DDP细胞miR-192水平低于转染miR-NC者（P＜0.05）;转染miR-192 inhibitor后,A549／DDP细胞的增殖能力减弱、凋亡细胞增多、DDP对其半数抑制浓度降低、Bax蛋白水平升高和Bcl-2蛋白水平下降,与转染miR-NC者比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 抑制miR-192能够降低A549／DDP细胞对DDP的耐药性,其作用机制可能是通过增加细胞凋亡以及下调Bcl-2蛋白和上调Bax蛋白表达来实现的。     

雷帕霉素对不同肿瘤细胞Bax/Bcl-2和活性caspase-3表达的影响

目的:探讨雷帕霉素(rapamycin,RAPA)对不同肿瘤细胞Bax/Bcl-2和活性caspase-3表达的影响及其可能的机制.方法:采用RAPA处理肺腺癌A549细胞、人成神经细胞瘤SH-SY5Y细胞和人骨肉瘤MG63细胞后,MTT法检测细胞的相对增殖率,蛋白质印迹法检测细胞中Bcl-2、Bax和活性caspase-3的表达以及细胞外信号调节激酶(extracellular signal-regulated kinase,ERK)和Akt活性的变化;RAPA联合ERK抑制剂U0126或PD98059以及联合Akt抑制剂wortmannin处理MG63和SH-SY5Y细胞后,分别用MTT法和蛋白质印迹法检测细胞的相对增殖率和Bcl-2、Bax、活性caspase-3的表达.结果:在A549细胞中,RAPA上调细胞Bax/Bcl-2和活性caspase-3的表达(P＜0.05),细胞的相对增殖率下降(P＜0.05).在MG63细胞中,RAPA通过ERK上调Bcl-2和Bax的表达,Bax/Bcl-2和活性caspase-3的表达以及细胞的相对增殖率无明显变化;ERK抑制剂U0126或PD98059逆转RAPA导致的Bcl-2上调,联合RAPA作用后细胞中Bax/Bcl-2和活性caspase-3的表达上调(P＜0.05),细胞的相对增殖率降低(P＜0.05).在SH-SY5Y细胞中,RAPA通过Akt上调Bcl-2的表达,Bax/Bcl-2降低(P＜0.05),细胞的相对增殖率上升(P＜0.05); Akt抑制剂wortmannin逆转RAPA导致的Bcl-2上调,联合RAPA作用后细胞中Bax/Bcl-2和活性caspase-3的表达上调(P＜0.05),细胞的相对增殖率降低(P＜0.05).结论:RAPA在不同肿瘤细胞中可能通过调节不同的激酶影响Bax/Bcl-2和活性caspase-3的表达.     

三氧化二砷通过FOXO3a/cofilin-1通路调控肺腺癌A549细胞的增殖、凋亡、迁移和侵袭能力

目的：研究三氧化二砷（arsenic trioxide,ATO）对肺腺癌A549细胞的增殖、凋亡、迁移和侵袭能力的影响,及可能的作用机制。方法 ：用不同浓度的ATO处理肺腺癌A549细胞后,采用CCK-8法检测ATO对A549细胞增殖的影响,以及蛋白质印迹法检测ATO对A549细胞核和细胞质中FOXO3a蛋白表达水平的影响。采用si RNA干扰的方法下调A549细胞中FOXO3a m RNA和蛋白的表达水平,随后分别采用流式细胞术（flow cytometry,FCM）、细胞划痕愈合实验及Transwell小室实验检测ATO单药处理、沉默FOXO3a表达、沉默FOXO3a表达联合ATO处理以及LY294002单药处理对A549细胞凋亡、迁移及侵袭能力的影响,最后再用蛋白质印迹法检测对A549细胞中丝切蛋白1(cofilin-1)及磷酸化cofilin-1(phosphorylated cofilin-1,p-cofilin-1)蛋白表达水平的影响。结果 ：ATO能抑制A549细胞的增殖（P <0.05）,且随着ATO浓度的升高,细胞核中FOXO3a蛋白的表达水平显著升高（P &l...     

淫羊藿苷通过IL-6/STAT3通路逆转肺癌A549/DDP细胞顺铂耐药的作用机制研究

目的 探讨淫羊藿苷(ICA)对A549/DDP细胞顺铂耐药的逆转作用及对白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和信号传导子及转录激活子3(STAT3)信号通路的调节。方法 第4代对数生长期的A549/DDP细胞随机分为A549/DDP组和ICA组，MTT法检测不同浓度ICA对细胞增殖率的影响。采用不同浓度DDP及50、100μmol/L ICA处理A549/DDP细胞，MTT法检测ICA对A549/DDP细胞化疗敏感性的影响。采用4μg/mL DDP和50、100μmol/L ICA处理A549/DDP细胞，流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率，Transwell试验检测细胞侵袭能力，qRT-PCR检测细胞中肺耐药蛋白(LRP)和多药耐药蛋白(MRP) mRNA相对表达量，蛋白印迹法检测IL-6、STAT3、B细胞淋巴瘤-2(Bcl-2)和Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)蛋白相对表达量。结果 细胞增殖率随ICA浓度的增加而降低(P<0.05)。与单独使用不同浓度DDP处理A549/DDP细胞比较，50和100μmol/L ICA处理提高细胞对DDP的敏感性，降低DDP对细胞的半数抑制浓度(IC50)(P&...     

二甲双胍对肺腺癌细胞Nrf2基因表达的调控作用研究

目的探讨Nrf2基因在对顺铂耐药的肺腺癌细胞中的表达及二甲双胍对其调控作用的研究。方法应用细胞增殖实验(CCK-8)和流式细胞仪,检测二甲双胍对肺腺癌A549和A549/DDP细胞增殖抑制率、凋亡率,RealtimePCR检测相关耐药基因表达,Western Blot法检测相关蛋白水平表达。结果 Nrf2、GSTA1、ABCC1等基因在A549、A549/DDP细胞间表达存在显著差异,在A549/DDP细胞中呈高表达;二甲双胍能够抑制A549、A549/DDP细胞Nrf2及下游GSTA1、ABCC1基因的表达,并进一步抑制细胞增殖和诱导A549/DDP细胞凋亡。结论 Nrf2基因及下游基因在肺腺癌细胞不同细胞株表达存在差异,二甲双胍可影响其表达。     

吗啡对人肺腺癌A549细胞增殖的作用研究

目的 观察不同浓度吗啡对A549细胞增殖及凋亡的影响。方法 采用不同浓度的吗啡（0.3、3、30 μg/ml）处理A549细胞48 h后采用CCK-8法检测其增殖情况,Annexin-V FITC/PI双染法检测30 μg/ml吗啡作用48 h后的细胞凋亡率,Western blotting检测30 μg/ml吗啡作用48 h后的X连锁凋亡抑制蛋白（XIAP）、Survivin、Bcl-2、caspase-3和Bax蛋白表达水平。 结果 吗啡可以剂量依赖性促进A549细胞增殖,各浓度间的差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。与对照组相比,30 μg/ml吗啡降低了A549细胞的凋亡率（P＜0.05）,且Survivin和XIAP蛋白水平升高,而caspase-3蛋白水平降低（P＜0.05）。 结论 吗啡可促进人肺腺癌A549细胞增殖并抑制其凋亡,可能与吗啡上调XIAP、Survivin蛋白的表达和抑制caspase-3蛋白活化有关。     

人参皂苷Rg3抑制肺癌NCI-H1650细胞增殖作用研究

[目的]研究人参皂苷Rg3对肺腺癌NCI-H 1650细胞增殖的抑制作用及对凋亡的影响.[方法]MTT法检测人参皂苷Rg3对NCI-H 1650细胞增殖的抑制作用,Annexin-V-FITC/PI法检测细胞凋亡.Western blot法检测caspase-3、Bcl-2、Bax、survivin蛋白表达的情况.[结果]不同浓度人参皂苷Rg3能有效抑制NCI-H1650细胞增殖,且呈时间剂量依赖性(P＜0.01).20μmol/L人参皂苷作用NCI-H1650细胞24、48h,细胞凋亡率明显增加,与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).20μmol/L人参皂苷作用NCI-H1650细胞48h,Bcl-2、survivin蛋白表达降低、caspase-3、Bax蛋白表达增加,与对照组相比,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01).[结论]人参皂苷Rg3对肺腺癌NCI-H1650细胞增殖具有明显的抑制作用,呈时间剂量依赖关系,其机制可能与降低细胞Bcl-2、survivin蛋白表达,增加caspase-3、Bax蛋白表达,促进细胞凋亡有关.     

MicroRNA-181a提高A549/DDP细胞顺铂敏感性的研究

目的 观察miR-181a对A549/DDP细胞顺铂敏感性的影响,并探讨其机制.方法 采用miR-181amimic转染A549/DDP细胞,MTT法检测细胞增长率;荧光定量PCR检测A549/DDPmiR-181 a表达;免疫印迹法检测Bcl-2蛋白表达;AnnexinV/PI双标法检测细胞凋亡.结果 miR-181a提高A549/DDP细胞的顺铂敏感性,促进顺铂诱导的细胞凋亡,并且降低Bcl-2蛋白的表达.结论 miR-181a通过降低Bcl-2蛋白表达,促进顺铂诱导的细胞凋亡,从而提高A549/DDP细胞顺铂敏感性.     

siRNA干扰MT1H基因对A549/DDP细胞耐药性的逆转

目的：探讨siRNA干扰金属硫蛋白1H（metallothionein 1H,MT1H）基因逆转A549/DDP细胞耐药的可行性。方法：采用RT-PCR方法检测MT1H基因在A549和其顺铂耐药株A549/DDP细胞中的表达;将针对MT1H的siRNA导入A549/DDP细胞;用RT-PCR和斑点印迹方法分析MT1H基因表达情况;MTT法观察细胞顺铂耐药性;TUNEL、流式细胞术检测顺铂诱导细胞凋亡率;免疫细胞化学分析凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2、Bax的表达。结果：MT1H在A549/DDP细胞中高表达但不在A549细胞中表达;A549/DDP细胞转染48 h后,与对照组比较,MT1HsiRNA转染组MT1H mRNA和蛋白表达均明显下调,细胞对DDP的药物敏感性明显提高,DDP诱导凋亡率明显增加,Bcl-2表达明显下降,Bax表达无变化。结论：MT1H基因沉默能降低Bcl-2表达,增强顺铂对A549/DDP细胞凋亡诱导作用,有效逆转A549/DDP细胞耐药。     

Cytologic classification of precancer and cancer of the endometrium and esophagus and of malignant lymphomas

The paper discusses cytological classifications of precancer and cancer of the endometrium, esophagus and malignant lymphomas presented by cytologists from five Soviet research institutes of oncology. The classifications were based on the data of 4400 cases in conformity with WHO histologic classifications.     

E-钙粘蛋白及PTEN基因编码蛋白与胃癌浸润转移

目的:观察抑癌基因PTEN蛋白和ECD在胃癌组织中的表达,探讨其与胃癌生物学行为及预后的关系。方法:以兔抗人PTEN多克隆抗体、鼠抗人ECD单克隆抗体,采用SABC免疫组化法,检测100例胃癌手术切除标本中拟测指标的表达。以χ2和Logrank检验对结果做统计学分析。结果:ECD、PTEN蛋白在非癌胃粘膜中均见表达;在胃癌组织中表达下调或缺失。ECD异常表达率为42.0%;弥漫型胃癌异常表达率(48.57%),明显高于肠型胃癌(26.67%),(P<0.05);ECD异常表达与浸润深度有关(P<0.05)。胃癌组织中PTEN蛋白缺失率为59%;弥漫型胃癌缺失率(65.71%)明显高于肠型胃癌(43.33%),(P<0.05);伴淋巴结转移的胃癌缺失率(64.47%)明显高于无淋巴结转移者(41.67%),(P<0.05);PTEN蛋白缺失的患者比阳性表达者预后差(P=0.0066)。65.85%PTEN阳性表达者同时伴ECD正常表达。结论:两种标志物与胃癌浸润转移有关,PTEN表达与胃癌患者预后密切相关。将两种指标联合检测,可作为正确判断胃癌患者预后,指导临床治疗的分子生物学指标。     

Schwannomas of Head and Neck and Review of Literature

Benign nerve cell tumours have been given various names like schwannoma, neurilemmoma, neurinoma, neurofibroma, spindle cell tumours etc. Extra cranial head and neck schwannomas usually present as solitary and well-demarcated lesions. The lesion can cause secondary symptoms, such as nasal obstruction, dysphasia, and hoarseness, depending upon the location of the lesion. Fine needle aspiration cytology, CT scans, and MRI may be of limited help in the diagnosis of schwannomas. The treatment is complete surgical excision of the benign tumour and postoperative histopathological examination establishes the final diagnosis.     

Prospective study of fruit and vegetable consumption and incidence of colon and rectal cancers

BACKGROUND: Frequent consumption of fruit and vegetables has been associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer in many observational studies. METHODS: We prospectively investigated the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and the incidence of colon and rectal cancers in two large cohorts: the Nurses' Health Study (88 764 women) and the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study (47 325 men). Diet was assessed and cumulatively updated in 1980, 1984, 1986, and 1990 among women and in 1986 and 1990 among men. The incidence of cancer of the colon and rectum was ascertained up to June or January of 1996, respectively. Relative risk (RR) estimates were calculated with the use of pooled logistic regression models accounting for various potential confounders. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: With a follow-up including 1 743 645 person-years and 937 cases of colon cancer, we found little association of colon cancer incidence with fruit and vegetable consumption. For women and men combined, a difference in fruit and vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with a covariate-adjusted RR of 1.02 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.98-1.05). A difference in vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with an RR of 1.03 (95% CI = 0.97-1.09). Similar results were obtained for women and men considered separately. A difference in fruit consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with a covariate-adjusted RR for colon cancer of 0.96 (95% CI = 0.89-1.03) among women and 1. 08 (95% CI = 1.00-1.16) among men. For rectal cancer (total, 244 cases), a difference in fruit and vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with an RR of 1.02 (95% CI = 0.95-1.09) in men and women combined. None of these associations was modified by vitamin supplement use or smoking habits. CONCLUSIONS: Although fruits and vegetables may confer protection against some chronic diseases, their frequent consumption does not appear to confer protection from colon or rectal cancer.     

世界卫生组织骨质疏松症防治工作报告和防治建议

引 言 作为对第51号综合处理非传染性疾病预防与控制的世界卫生组织决议的反应,1998年7月WHO成立了致力于不断完善对骨质疏松预防和治疗策略的工作小组。小组成员来自世界各国致力于骨质疏松研究的知名专家。Harry K.Genant为本届主席。这一项世界范围内的骨质疏松教育计划旨在通过世界范围的研究,不断改善对骨质疏松的诊断水平和发展并完善对骨质疏松病人的合理治疗。其重点将以发展中国家为主。并为各国政府及其卫生部门和病人群体提供世界性有关骨质疏松症的总体的、完整的指导性资料。该项研究、教育计划的实施将由世界各国的骨质疏松症研究和治疗机构共同完成,并经权威学术机构、政府和非政府组织进行有针对性的回顾研究,最终由WHO审议通过。     

A comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancerA comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancer

Aims: To assess and compare knowledge and awareness of colorectal cancer and breast cancer in a sample of the general population. Methods: Eleven hundred visitors to six different outpatient clinics, in a University Hospital, were given a study-specific questionnaire, based on educational material from the British Association of Cancer United Patients (CancerBACUP). The questionnaire consisted of 12 statements on the incidence, presentation, detection, treatment and prognosis of colorectal and breast cancer. Results: One thousand and sixty-eight individuals returned the questionnaire. One thousand and four completed questionnaires were analysed. The mean age (SD) of respondents was 50.1 (17.2) years, and the male to female ratio was 2:3. Respondents had read more about breast than about colorectal cancer (60.3%vs 32.4%,P <0.0001, McNemar's test). The proportion of correct answers for each statement on breast cancer was higher than for answers to corresponding items on colorectal cancer. Mean overall scores (95% CI) for breast and colorectal cancer were 88.1 (86.9, 89.2) and 64.4 (62.5, 66.3) respectively, the mean difference (95% CI) being 23.7 (22.0, 25.5). Scores were higher for breast cancer irrespective of age or gender. Conclusion: There is a low level of understanding of colorectal cancer in the general population when compared to breast cancer. This highlights the importance of public education in this common cancer.     

Quality of life and care in leukemia,myeloma and non-malignant disease. Opinions of patients and relatives,and effects of geography and time

In a questionnaire study 140 subjects answered 4200 questions in 1980 and 1986. They consisted of patients with myeloma, acute leukemia, lung carcinoma, and non-malignant disease and their relatives. In 22 additional cases the questionnaire was not answered. The results show that myeloma patients are less content with the general care than leukemia patients (P < 0.05). Similarly, relatives of deceased myeloma patients are less satisfied with the information given to them than relatives of deceased leukemia patients (P < 0.001). The information has improved with time, however, since the patients were more satisfied in 1986 than in 1980 (P < 0.001) and relatives of myeloma patients still alive were more satisfied than relatives of patients who had died earlier (P < 0.001).     

甲状腺手术的技巧及副损伤的预防和处置

鉴于甲状腺手术是普外科的常见手术，为求其日渐完美，以有益于病人，现根据作者的体会，并结合阅读相关文献，就其手术操作、喉返神经处理、甲状旁腺处理进行扼要阐述。