国产多西他赛治疗乳腺癌和非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

目的:评价国产多西他赛(深圳万乐医药公司产品)单药以及多西他赛 顺铂联合化疗方案对乳腺癌和非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效和安全性,并以进口多西他赛(安万特公司) 顺铂联合化疗方案作对照.方法:1)单药治疗分为2组:多西他赛(万乐)75mg/m2第1天静脉滴注,21天为一周期,治疗乳腺癌(A组)和非小细胞肺癌(B组);2)联合治疗分为4组:乳腺癌患者随机分为多西他赛(万乐)70mg/m2 顺铂80mg/m2(C组),或泰索帝(进口)70mg/m2 顺铂80mg/m2(D组),21天为一周期;肺癌患者随机分为多西他赛(万乐) 顺铂(E组)或泰索帝(进口) 顺铂(F组),方案与乳腺癌相同.结果:147例患者中138例可评价疗效,141例可评价不良反应,单药有效率乳腺癌(A组)21.7%,单药非小细胞肺癌(B组)6.1%,联合治疗组有效率C组60.0%,D组35.0%,E组23.8%,F组28.6%.不良反应主要为骨髓抑制、恶心呕吐、脱发.联合治疗方案多西他赛(万乐)组与泰索帝(安万特)组比较,疗效和不良反应相似.结论:多西他赛(万乐)单药及联合顺铂方案治疗乳腺癌和非小细胞肺癌安全有效,耐受性好,与进口泰索帝疗效和不良反应相似.     

多西他赛联合顺铂或卡铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

目的：观察多西他赛联合顺铂或卡铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效及不良反应。方法：共有56例经病理学和／或细胞学证实的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者人组,多西他赛联合顺铂治疗37例,多西他赛联合卡铂治疗19例,多西他赛75mg／m^2,静脉滴注1小时,第1天,顺铂40mg／m^2,静脉滴注,第2—3天,或卡铂ACU=5（300—400mg／m^2）,第2天或第2—3天分次给予,28天为1个周期,化疗2个周期后按WHO标准评价疗效及不良反应。结果：CR 1例,PR 26例,SD 20例,PD 9例,有效率48．2％（27／56）,不良反应主要为骨髓抑制、恶心、呕吐和脱发。结论：多西他赛联合顺铂或卡铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效确切,不良反应能耐受,值得进一步临床研究。     

多西他赛联合顺铂一线治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

目的观察多西他赛联合顺铂一线治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效和不良反应。方法67例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者入组。多西他赛75mg/m^2,d1,顺铂25mg/m^2,d1～3。21d为一个周期。观察临床缓解率、1年生存率和中位生存期。结果该方案的客观有效率为43.8%（28/64）,毒副反应主要为恶心、呕吐和骨髓抑制,mTTP为5.4个月,1年生存率为45.3%（29/64）,中位生存期为11.2个月。结论多西他赛联合顺铂一线治疗晚期NSCLC更能体现其价值。     

多西他赛联合顺铂或卡铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

目的:观察多西他赛联合顺铂或卡铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效及不良反应.方法:共有56例经病理学和/或细胞学证实的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者入组,多西他赛联合顺铂治疗37例,多西他赛联合卡铂治疗19例,多西他赛75mg/m2,静脉滴注1小时,第1天,顺铂40mg/m2,静脉滴注,第2-3天,或卡铂ACU=5(300-400mg/m2),第2天或第2-3天分次给予,28天为1个周期,化疗2个周期后按WHO标准评价疗效及不良反应.结果:CR 1例,PR 26例,SD 20例,PD 9例,有效率48.2%(27/56),不良反应主要为骨髓抑制、恶心、呕吐和脱发.结论:多西他赛联合顺铂或卡铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效确切,不良反应能耐受,值得进一步临床研究.     

多西他赛联合顺铂一线治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌

目的：比较多西他赛及长春瑞滨联合顺铂一线治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效和不良反应.方法：67例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者随机分为2组.多西他赛组：多西他赛37.5mg/m^2,d1,8,顺铂80 mg/m^2,分为3天,d1～3.长春瑞滨组：长春瑞滨25 mg/m^2,d1,8,顺铂用法同前.结果：多西他赛组有效率50%,1年生存率46.9%,2年生存率15.6%.长春瑞滨组有效率25.7%,1年生存率31.4%,2年生存率11.4%（P＜0.05）.主要毒副作用为骨髓抑制、恶心、呕吐.结论：一线治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌多西他赛较长春瑞滨联合顺铂疗效高,生存期长.     

奈达铂或顺铂联合多西他赛治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

目的评价奈达铂(NDP)或顺铂(DDP)联合多西他赛(TXT)治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效和不良反应。方法 96例初治的晚期非小细胞肺癌随机分为2组,试验组患者采用奈达铂加多西他赛(TN组),TXT 75mg/m2、d1;NDP 80mg/m2,分3d静脉注射,21d为1个周期。对照组患者采用顺铂加多西他赛(TP组),TXT 75mg/m2,DDP 80mg/m2,分3d静滴,21d为1个周期。结果 TN组中,CR 1例,PR 21例,有效率(CR+PR)为45.8%。TP组中,CR 2例,PR 19例,有效率为43.8%,两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。试验组白细胞与血小板减少与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。试验组消化道反应明显小于对照组(P<0.05)。结论奈达铂联合化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效与顺铂相似,消化道反应小于顺铂组。奈达铂联合多西他赛化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌有效,不良反应轻。     

多西他赛联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效观察

目的：观察多西他赛联合顺铂治疗非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效及不良反应。方法：对62例非小细胞肺癌患者采用多西他赛联合顺铂方案化疗,多西他赛75mg／m^2静脉滴注,d1;顺铂25mg／m^2静脉滴注d1-3;3周为一周期,至少治疗2周期。结果：所有患者均完成2个以上周期,有效率46．78％,中位生存期9．6个月。主要不良反应为脱发及骨髓抑制,发生率分别为88．71％及85．48％,其中Ⅲ-Ⅳ度分别为14．52％及8．06％。结论：多西他赛联合顺铂治疗非小细胞肺癌疗效显著,不良反应较小,患者耐受性好。     

多西他赛与吉西他滨分别联合顺铂治疗晚期 非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

 目的 评价多西他赛和吉西他滨分别联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效和不良反应。方法 76例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者随机分为两组：DP组：多西他赛75 mg/m2,d1,DDP 60mg/m2,d1; GP组：吉西他滨1000 mg/m2,d1,d8,顺铂用量同前。以上方案均21天为1周期,2~4周期评估疗效。结果 DP组总有效率43.5%,初治有效率53.8%,复治有效率23.0%。GP组总有效率45.9%,初治有效率56.0%,复治有效率25.0%。两组初治与复治相比,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组的主要不良反应为骨髓抑制和消化道反应。结论 多西他赛和吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效好,近期疗效相近,不良反应可耐受,初治较复治疗效好。     

多西他赛联合奈达铂一线治疗24例老年晚期非小细胞肺癌

[目的]评价多西他赛联合奈达铂治疗老年晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效及不良反应。[方法]24例非小细胞肺癌患者采用多西他赛联合奈达铂方案化疗,多西他赛75mg/m2,静脉滴注,d1;奈达铂25mg/m2,静脉滴注d1-3;3周为1个周期,至少治疗2个周期。[结果]24例患者均完成2个以上周期,CR1例,PR10例,有效率（RR）为45.8%。治疗组中位总生存期为11.4个月（95%CI：8.2-13.4个月）,主要不良反应为脱发及骨髓抑制,发生率分别为88.71%及85.48%,不良反应大多为I~Ⅱ级。[结论]多西他赛联合奈达铂治疗非小细胞肺癌疗效较好,不良反应较轻。     

多西他赛联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌48例临床分析

目的:观察多西他赛(docetaxel)联合顺铂(DDP)的治疗方案(简称DP方案)对晚期非小细胞肺癌(nonsmallcelllungcancer,NSCLC)的近期疗效和毒副反应。方法:对经病理学或细胞学确诊的48例晚期NSCLC患者,采用DP方案化疗:多西他赛35mg/m2,静脉滴入1h,d1、d8;DDP75mg/m2,静脉滴入,d1。21d为1个周期,至少2个周期评价疗效。结果:48例完全缓解(CR)3例,部分缓解(PR)22例,无变化(NC)16例,进展(PD)7例,总有效率(RR)为52.08%。其中初治组有效率为63.64%(14/22),有2例CR;复治组有效率为42.31%(11/26),有1例CR,两组差异有统计学意义,P=0.029。毒副反应主要为骨髓抑制、消化系统反应和脱发。大部分患者为Ⅰ、Ⅱ度反应,耐受良好。骨髓抑制为剂量限制性毒性,其中白细胞减少占64.58%,Ⅲ～Ⅳ度占16.15%。结论:多西他赛联合DDP治疗晚期NSCLC具有近期疗效好、毒副反应轻和耐受好的特点,且初治者疗效优于复治者,值得进一步研究推广。     

Skin cancer in survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer

The incidence of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) has been related to ionizing radiation, particularly for exposure occurring at young age. In this study, we considered the incidence of second skin neoplasms in long-term survivors from childhood cancer. We considered second primary cancers occurring among 776 subjects (436 males, 340 females) with first primary cancer diagnosed before age 20 years, between 1974 and 2001, in the Swiss Cantons of Vaud and Neuchatel (786,000 inhabitants). Five BCC were observed versus 0.43 expected (standardized incidence ratio: 11.6, 95% confidence interval: 3.7-27.1). No case of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, nor of malignant melanoma was observed. The estimated radiation doses at 1mm through the skin ranged between 7 and 27 Sv. These data confirm that BCC are strongly related to ionizing radiation exposure in childhood. All the BCC were located within the radiation field, thus indicating that ionizing radiation is the key aetiological factor, even in the absence of any meaningful interaction with UV.     

Proteomics in cancer screening and management in gynecologic cancer

Biomarkers are used routinely for population screening, disease diagnosis and prognosis, monitoring of therapy, and prediction of therapeutic response. Unfortunately, most biomarkers have low sensitivity and specificity and little predictive value. Novel techniques for better screening and early diagnosis of ovarian cancer are urgently needed. Proteomics, the study of the cellular proteins and their activation states, integrates some fundamental techniques, including high-throughput protein purification and profiling, genomic and proteomic databases, and mass spectrometry. In oncology, proteomics will contribute greatly to our understanding of gene functions in tumor development and provide information in clinical applications. This article reviews proteomic techniques and their potential applications in gynecologic cancer screening and management.     

The role of inflammation in breast cancer and prostate cancer

Inflammatory conditions increase the risk of cancer. Strong evidences showed that inflammation contributes to breast cancer and prostate cancer in different ways such as inflammation-induced DNA or RNA damage, overexpression cytokines, chemokines etc. Recent studies have begun to unravel molecular pathways linking inflammation and cancer. Some possible mechanisms by which inflammation can contribute to carcinogenesis have been found. These mechanisms by which inflammation contributes to cancer give broader views of cancer development. These insights are fostering new anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches to cancer development.     

Klotho在宫颈癌及卵巢癌中的研究进展

宫颈癌、卵巢癌为常见的妇科恶性肿瘤,在全球范围内是导致女性死亡的常见原因,然而其发病机制尚未完全明确。近十年来许多文献报道Klotho基因及其蛋白与宫颈癌、卵巢癌的发生发展及预后有明显联系。因此,本文就最近有关研究文献作一综述,旨在为妇科肿瘤的基因诊断及靶向治疗提供理论依据。     

萝卜硫素在乳腺癌、卵巢癌及宫颈癌中的潜在作用

随着医学对硫代葡萄糖苷在植物中积累的遗传和环境因素的了解以及对这些化合物及其衍生物作用认识的增加，人们对硫代葡萄糖苷及其产物可能的作用研究也有了重大进展，作为饮食的一部分时，其可以降低肿瘤和心脏病的风险。研究发现，这些生物活性物质与传统的抗肿瘤治疗方法结合起来，可以提高抗肿瘤治疗的效果。萝卜硫素是一种同源异硫氰酸酯，主要存在于芸薹属蔬菜中，其摄入与乳腺癌、卵巢癌等肿瘤的发生呈显著负相关，可能是通过提高细胞的解毒能力和抗氧化能力外，萝卜硫素还可以调节细胞的生长，这对于肿瘤预防尤其重要。萝卜硫素的细胞抑制和细胞毒性作用机制包括诱导细胞凋亡、抑制细胞周期进程和抑制血管生成，靶向肿瘤细胞关键细胞信号通路的多个位点，发挥类似靶向药物的抗肿瘤作用。本篇综述通过介绍萝卜硫素在乳腺癌、卵巢癌及宫颈癌辅助化疗和放疗疗效的可能机制，为其在乳腺癌、卵巢癌及宫颈癌临床上的应用提供理论线索。     

Role of succinylation modification in thyroid cancer and breast cancer

The incidence of thyroid cancer and breast cancer is increasing year by year, and the specific pathogenesis is unclear. Posttranslational modifications constitute an important regulatory mechanism that affects the function of almost all proteins, are essential for a diverse and well-functioning proteome and can integrate metabolism with physiological and pathological processes. In recent years, posttranslational modifications, which mainly include metabolic enzyme-mediated protein posttranslational modifications, such as methylation, phosphorylation, acetylation and succinylation, have become a research hotspot. Among these modifications, lysine succinylation is a newly discovered broad-spectrum, dynamic, non-enzymatic protein post-translational modification, and it plays an important regulatory role in a variety of tumors. Studies have shown that succinylation can affect the synthesis of thyroid hormones, and the regulation of this post-translational modification can inhibit the apoptosis and migration of thyroid cancer cell lines, and promote breast cancer cell proliferation, DNA damage repair and autophagy-related regulation. However, the specific regulatory mechanism of succinylation in thyroid cancer and breast cancer is currently unclear. Therefore, this article mainly reviews the research progress of succinylation modification in thyroid cancer and breast cancer. It is expected to provide new directions and targets for the prevention and treatment of thyroid cancer and breast cancer.     

表观遗传学调控与妇科肿瘤发生、演进及治疗的研究进展

在卵巢肿瘤、子宫内膜癌以及宫颈癌中,已有许多研究证明了遗传学和表观遗传学修饰对肿瘤发生、发展的影响。以往研究证实癌基因、抑癌基因以及细胞信号传导通路异常导致肿瘤形成。与基因突变不同的是,表观遗传学并不是通过改变基因组序列,而是通过甲基化修饰、组蛋白修饰、ｍｉＲＮＡ调节等方式对基因组进行调控。甲基化异常、组蛋白修饰错误或ｍｉＲＮＡ调控紊乱与肿瘤细胞增殖、自噬、凋亡、细胞间粘附、浸润和转移密切相关。表观遗传学修饰作为肿瘤发生发展的关键因素,将其作为靶点应用于诊断治疗及评估预后将是重要的研究方向。     

Pathological variability and cancer treatment in lung cancer

It is well known that the biological behavior of lung cancer varies according to histological type and growth pattern. Therefore, more precise analysis of various morphologic features affecting prognosis are needed based on tumor histology. Lung cancer is mainly classified into 4 major histological types; squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma. Recently lung cancer has been subclassified into small cell carcinoma and non-small cell carcinoma on the basis of responsiveness to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. In small cell carcinoma, combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy is the main modality for treatment, and the most important prognostic factor is LD and ED stage classification. Even so, a new histological classification is proposed according to the responsiveness to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. On the other hand, surgical therapy is the first choice for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer and the most important prognostic factor is TNM and related stage classification. In squamous cell carcinoma, moreover, extended resection is sometimes tried because of its local invasiveness. Early lung cancer of hilar type is mostly squamous cell carcinoma and highly curative by resection. The biological behavior of adenocarcinoma is the most variable among lung cancers. In the histopathological study of surgically resected cases, moreover, histological differentiation, nuclear atypia of tumor cells, mitotic frequency, grades of scarring associated with a tumor, and degrees of infiltration of T-zone histiocytes is closely related to prognosis. Scoring of these factors may help a clinician to reach a decision on the necessity and type of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, particularly in cases of Stage I adenocarcinoma. Most cases of large cell carcinoma including giant cell carcinoma ultrastructurally reveal features of differentiation toward adenocarcinoma and/or squamous cell carcinoma. Giant cell carcinoma shows the most unfavorable prognosis because of its rapid growth. However, among operable cases of giant cell carcinoma, some long-term survivors do exist. Evaluating these forms of biological behavior according to tumor histology at the time of treatment, it is easier to decide whether or not adjuvant therapy is necessary.