萱藻营养品质的分析和评价

<正>萱藻(Scytosiphon lomentsrius)属于褐藻门(Phaeophyta),萱藻目(Scytosiphonals),萱藻科(Scytosiphonaceae),萱藻属(Scytosiph-on),为一年生广温性褐藻。藻体黄褐色至深褐色,管状,膜质,丛生,高15cm～70cm,直径2mm～     

高效液相色谱法/液相色谱-质谱法在微囊藻毒素检测中的应用进展

生活及工农业生产中含有大量氮、磷的废污水进入水体后,藻类大量繁殖,其中微囊藻属、鱼腥藻属、颤藻属、念珠藻属等代谢产生的微囊藻毒素(Microcystin,MC)是淡水水体藻毒素污染中范围最广、危害最严重的藻毒素[1]。近20年来,我国湖泊水库富营养化发展迅速,滇池、太湖、武汉东湖、云南     

水体中蓝绿藻分子标志物--mcyD基因的检测

目的建立一种筛选自然水体中产微囊藻毒素藻株的方法.方法应用编码微囊藻毒素合成酶mcyD基因的特异引物结合藻类保守序列16 S rRNA对所培养的纯种蓝绿藻(铜绿微囊藻FACHB 469、铜绿微囊藻PCC7806、微囊藻属FACHB 569、浮游蓝丝藻属小颤藻FACHB247、泡沫节球藻FACHB377)和采集的水样进行聚合酶链反应,观察扩增结果,并以酶联免疫吸附方法检测其微囊藻毒素浓度.结果在产微囊藻毒素(铜绿微囊藻PCC7806、微囊藻属FACHB569)的藻株和水样均可以扩增出1条约870 bp的单一条带,而不产微囊藻毒素的藻株(铜绿微囊藻FACHB469、浮游蓝丝藻属小颤藻FACHB247、泡沫节球藻FACHB377)和水样未扩增出此条带.结论以mcyD基因为微囊藻毒素分子标志物的分子生物学方法鉴定自然水体中的产微囊藻毒素和非产微囊藻毒素蓝绿藻是可行和实用的.     

长茎葡萄蕨藻和冈村蕨藻的营养成分分析及评价

正长茎葡萄蕨藻(Caulerpa lentillifera)和冈村蕨藻(Caulerpa okamurae),均隶属绿藻门(chlorophyta)、蕨藻科(caulerpaceae)、蕨藻属(Caulerpa),分布于中国南海、东南亚的菲律宾、马来西亚、印尼、日本冲绳、台湾,大洋洲等热带、亚热带海域[1-3]。近年来,我国福建、海南沿海地区先后从日本、韩国和越南等地陆续     

繁枝蜈蚣藻粗提物体外抗单纯疱疹病毒研究

目的：研究海藻繁枝蜈蚣藻抗单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ型活性。方法：采用空斑减数实验测定5种不同提取方法所得蜈蚣藻粗提物抗HSV-1活性，计算空斑抑制率：郁ED50，并从药物对细胞的保护、对病毒增殖的影响及对病毒感染细胞的综合作用3个方面初探繁枝蜈蚣藻抗单纯疱疹病毒活性机理。结果：蜈蚣藻多糖能明显抑制HSV-1的致病变作用，ED。依次为8．72、12，16、8．93、8．49和805982．62μg／ml，药物住对细胞的保护及对病毒感染细胞的综合作用中均表现出明显活性。结论：繁枝蜈蚣藻有显著的抗HSV-1活性，且初步推测蜈蚣藻多糖抗HSV-1活性是作用在病毒和受体结合、侵入Vero细胞阶段。     

地皮菜营养成分分析与评价

<正>地皮菜,学名普通念珠藻(Nostoc commune Vauch.),别名地耳、地踏菇、地衣、地木耳、地软等,为蓝藻科念珠藻属的片状藻类[1]。历来民间有食用地皮菜的习惯,但对其开发研究的不多。     

蜈蚣咬伤

蜈蚣又称百足、天龙。我国毒性大的蜈蚣有3科：巨蜈蚣科。有两属：巨蜈蚣属分布在我国南方各地、东南亚及日本；耳孔蜈蚣属分布在东北及华北地区。地蜈蚣科。有5种，喜居湿处，各地常见。石蜈蚣科，喜居石下，主要分布在我国华北地区。蜈蚣有毒腺，还有一对尖形牙，分泌的毒汁含有组胺和溶血蛋白，当人被它咬伤时，     

海藻萜类化合物对二甲基苯蒽诱导的大鼠乳腺癌的抑制作用

<正>乳腺癌是全球范围内女性第一高发癌症,化疗是有效的治疗措施之一。国内外大量研究表明,凹顶藻属海藻中含有丰富的萜类化合物,体外多具有对肿瘤细胞的细胞毒作用。本研究所用凹顶藻提取物(LET)是从海洋凹顶藻Laurencia tristicha中提取的,前期工作表明LET可提高荷S180小鼠免疫力,诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,抑制肿瘤细胞增殖[1],并有良好的抗脂质过氧化作用[2]。本实验探讨其对实验性大鼠乳腺癌的抑制作用,为其应用于治疗乳腺癌提供实验依据。     

蜈蚣咬伤

蜈蚣又称百足、天龙。我国毒性大的蜈蚣有3科：①巨蜈蚣科，有两属，巨蜈蚣属分布在我国南方各地、东南亚及日本；耳孔蜈蚣属分布在东北及华北地区。②地蜈蚣科，有5种，喜居湿处，各地常见。③石蜈蚣科，喜居石下，主要分布在我国华北地区。蜈蚣有毒腺，还有一对尖形牙，其分泌的毒汁含有组胺和溶血蛋白，当人被其咬伤时，     

翻白草的药学研究进展

翻白草为蔷薇科(Rosaceae)委陵菜属(Potentill)植物翻白草(Potentill discolor Bung.)的带根全草,具有止血止痢、清热解毒、利尿消肿、降低血糖的功效[1]。近年来,广泛用于糖尿病的治疗。为了进一步研究并开发利用,现将其药学研究进展综述如下。1翻白草的药理活性1.1降血糖作用有学者利用四氧嘧啶诱导糖尿病     

长春新碱过量引起严重毒副反应1例的护理体会

报道1例霍奇金淋巴瘤患者因误用长春新碱（VCR）10mg一次性静脉推注后治疗护理情况。其出现间断性神志恍惚、眼睑闭合不全、言语不清、口腔黏膜糜烂、全身疼痛、麻痹性肠梗阻、尿潴留、手足麻木等症状,经积极解救,禁食,持续胃肠减压、胃管内注入麻油、开塞露、生理盐水灌肠,合理应用肠外营养,注重疼痛、心理护理,做好口腔、肛周护理,预防感染加重,患者病情得到控制好转出院。     

Correlates of stages of change of smoking among inhabitants of deprived neighbourhoods

BACKGROUND: This study examines the prevalence and correlates of stages of change of smoking, in terms of psychosocial, structural and sociodemographic factors, among inhabitants of deprived neighbourhoods. METHODS: Cross-sectional data were obtained from a survey on health related behaviour. Subjects were 2009 current and former smokers, aged 20-46, living in deprived neighbourhoods in Rotterdam, the second largest city in the Netherlands. Three groups of smokers were formed according to the stages of change-definitions of the Transtheoretical Model: smokers not planning to quit (precontemplators), smokers planning to quit (contemplators/preparators) and former smokers (actors/maintainers). Smokers planning to quit and smokers not planning to quit were compared regarding psychosocial factors (attitude, social norm, self-efficacy), structural factors (neighbourhood problems, material deprivation, financial problems, employment status) and sociodemographic factors (age, gender, marital status, cultural background, educational level). Former smokers were compared with smokers planning to quit regarding structural and sociodemographic factors. Logistic regression was used to assess correlates of stages of change. RESULTS: Smokers planning to quit (prevalence = 19%) reported a more positive attitude, stronger social norms and higher self-efficacy expectations in quitting smoking than smokers not planning to quit (prevalence = 57%). Smokers planning to quit less often were Dutch-born, more often had attended higher vocational schooling or university and more often reported experiencing two or more neighbourhood problems compared to smokers not planning to quit. Former smokers (prevalence = 24%) were older, more often Dutch-born, married, employed and higher educated, compared to smokers planning to quit. Furthermore, former smokers less often reported material deprivation and financial problems than smokers planning to quit. CONCLUSION: Among people living in deprived neighbourhoods, different factors correlate with different stages of change of smoking. Implications for health promotion are discussed.     

Choice of measures of vaccination and estimates of risk of pediatric pertussis

BackgroundVaccination uptake at the individual level can be assessed in a variety of ways, including traditional measures of being up-to-date (UTD), measures of UTD that consider dose timing, like age-appropriate vaccination, and risk reduction from individual doses. This analysis compared methods of operationalizing vaccination uptake and corresponding risk of pertussis infection.MethodsCity-wide case-control study of children in Philadelphia aged 3 months through 6 years, between 2001 and 2013. Multiple logistic regression was used to isolate the independent effects of each measure of vaccination uptake and the corresponding relative odds of pertussis.ResultsBeing UTD on vaccinations was associated with a 52% reduction in risk of pertussis (OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.69). Evaluation of delayed receipt of vaccine versus on-time UTD yielded similar results. There was a decrease in risk of pertussis for each additional dose received with the greatest reduction in pertussis infection observed from the first (OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.83) and second dose (OR 0.17, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.34). Additional doses conferred minimal additional protection in this age group.ConclusionExamining vaccination status by individual doses may offer improved predictive capacity for identifying children at risk for pertussis infection compared to the traditional UTD measure.     

两种不同肌瘤剔除术治疗子宫肌瘤的临床疗效比较

目的:比较腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术与腹式子宫肌瘤剔除术的临床疗效。方法:回顾分析63例腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术与61例腹式子宫肌瘤剔除术的临床资料,比较2种手术方式的手术时间、术中出血量、肛门排气时间、使用抗生素时间、术后感染率、体温恢复正常时间、住院时间等情况。结果:两组患者接受子宫肌瘤剔除术顺利完成,腹腔镜组手术时间长于开腹组(P0.05),腹腔镜组术中出血量及剔除肌瘤个数均少于开腹组(P0.05),术后腹腔镜组体温恢复正常时间、肛门排气时间、抗生素使用及住院时间均短于开腹组,两组患者最多随访6个月,腹腔镜组平均康复时间较开腹组短(P0.05),两组随访B超均未发现明显肌瘤结节。结论:腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术损伤小,恢复快,住院时间短,是值得推广的微创手术。     

上海市某医院骨科平均住院日影响因素分析

对上海市某医院2003年-2007年骨科出院病人的住院日描述性分析．2003年-2007年骨科的床位利用指数与平均住院日相关性分析．2003年-2007年骨科床位与医护比例分析．2007年骨科前10大病种平均住院目影响因素分别进行单因素相关性分析和多因素逐步回归分析（STATA软件）。通过对骨科10大病种住院日影响因素分析,术前等待天数、手术类型、是否输血分别对10个、9个和8个病种的住院目有影响。输血因素和手术类型是医院不可控、由病人的病情决定的,术前等待天数是管理因素,是最值得医院重视的影响因素。     

性发育异常发病机制的研究进展

正常的性腺分化可分为3个过程：原始性腺形成、性别决定和卵巢/睾丸发育。在任一环节中,基因表达或调控发生异常均有可能导致性发育异常疾病的发生。性发育异常是指染色体、性腺和解剖性别不典型。随着分子生物学技术的发展,不断地发现新的基因或信号通路参与性腺分化和发育,如SRY、SF1、WT1、Sox9等基因与睾丸发育密切相关,Wnt/Rspo1/B连环蛋白通路、Dax1、Foxl2等基因在卵巢分化中发挥着重要作用,一些非编码RNA和转化生长因子也有重要的调节功能,且睾丸和卵巢发育均为主动过程,即使在出生后因某些基因的改变两者间也可出现横向分化。这些为揭示性分化异常的发病机制提供了可能。     

尘肺病患者145例死因调查

目的分析汉中市尘肺病的发生、发展和死亡原因，以提高尘肺病患者的生存质量。方法对145例尘肺病患者的死因进行回顾性分析，计算其平均发病年龄、死亡年龄及患尘肺病后的存活年限。结果矽肺的平均发病年龄和死亡年龄均早于煤工尘肺和石棉肺，尘肺病的主要死因为患肺部疾患，患尘肺病后的平均存活年限为12a。结论加强职业健康体检工作，对尘肺病人做到早发现早治疗和预防并发症的发生。     

One-year stability of the Measure of Processes of Care

BACKGROUND: The Measure of Processes of Care (MPOC) is a 56-item self-administered measure designed to examine what parents of a child with a chronic health problem think of the services they and their child receive, and to measure the extent to which these services are family-centred. Reliability and validity of the MPOC were established in prior studies. The aim of the present study was to assess the 1-year stability of the MPOC to justify its use as an evaluative tool. METHODS: Nine paediatric rehabilitation centres in the Netherlands participated in this short longitudinal survey study. Subjects were 205 parents (response rate 74.8%) of children aged 1-18 years who received care in one of the participating paediatric rehabilitation centres. All subjects filled out two MPOCs with a 1-year interval. RESULTS: All correlations between the scale scores of the MPOC at the first and second administration were relatively high and significant (range: 0.443-0.609, all P < 0.001), demonstrating high inter-individual stability. However, all mean scale scores, except for Providing General Information, significantly reduced after 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: The MPOC has a moderate 1-year stability. However, because of its tendency to score lower when repeated after 1 year, its use as an evaluative follow-up instrument to assess the effectiveness of a programme intervention is restricted.     

儿童皮质发育畸形的MRI诊断

目的探讨儿童皮质发育畸形(MCD)的MRI表现特点,为MCD的早期诊断提供依据。 方法选择2010年1月至2012年12月在四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院放射科经MRI检查确诊为MCD的44例患儿为研究对象。回顾性分析及总结其MRI影像学特征。本研究遵循的程序符合四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院人体试验委员会制定的伦理学标准,得到该委员会批准,征得受试对象及其监护人知情同意,并与监护人签署临床研究知情同意书。 结果本组44例经MRI确诊为MCD患儿中,巨脑回-无脑回为17例,多小脑回为14例,灰质异位为9例,脑裂畸形为4例。MCD的MRI特点中,巨脑回表现为脑回增宽、皮质增厚及白质变薄;无脑回表现为正常脑沟、脑回消失,皮质增厚及白质变薄;多小脑回表现为脑回增多、细小;灰质异位表现为皮质下及侧脑室周围深部白质区结节状、团块状或带状病灶,信号与灰质信号相同;脑裂畸形表现为从侧脑室到脑表面贯穿大脑半球的裂隙,表面覆盖灰质。 结论MRI是诊断儿童MCD的可靠影像学方法。     

244株真菌鉴定结果分析

目的 了解某院2000～2001年各类真菌的检出率。方法 用酵母样真菌同化试验编码鉴定板TH-15进行编码鉴定。结果 真菌分离率为8．85％；244株真菌分为10种，其中以白色念珠菌和热带念珠菌较高，分别占真菌总数的75．41％和11．47％；检出真菌的主要标本是痰和阴道分泌物。结论 及时进行真菌培养，有利于合理使用抗菌药物和控制真菌感染。