颅内动脉瘤的DSA与临床相关性分析

目的 分析评价颅内动脉瘤的脑血管造影与临床相关性。方法 回顾性分析48例颅内动脉瘤患者的脑血管造影表现和临床资料,就其动脉瘤大小、部位、形态、检查方法以及临床表现进行综合分析。结果 颅内动脉瘤临床表现与动脉瘤大小、部位有一定关系,相同或不同部位动脉瘤可产生不同或相同临床症状,旋转DSA技术是常规脑血管造影的有效补充检查手段。结论 1．颅内动脉瘤临床症状与其生长部位及大小有一定相关性,但无明显特异性;2．旋转DSA技术在动脉瘤诊断和治疗中具有极其重要的作用。     

CT及CT定位架在脑瘤放疗设野中的应用

作者自行设计研制一“ＣＴ脑体表投影定位架”（简称定位架），经定位精度模拟试验证实，应用该定位架作颅内病灶颅表定位设野的精度为２．０ｍｍ。本文对６４例脑瘤患者作了带定位架ＣＴ扫描后颅内病灶颅表定位设野放疗，探讨了ＣＴ在脑瘤放疗设野中的应用方法。文中重点介绍了定位架的构造、ＣＴ扫描及颅表定位设野的方法，对本法的定位设野原理及临床应用价值作了简要讨论。作者认为，带定位架作ＣＴ扫描后行脑瘤的颅外体表定位设野能提高ＣＴ在脑瘤放疗中颅表定位设野的精确性。     

Osteomyelitis: diagnosis with In-111-labeled leukocytes

In a retrospective review, 485 patients with suspected osteomyelitis were studied. Of these, 453 patients were studied with both bone and indium-111 leukocyte scanning (173 sequentially and 280 simultaneously). The ability to determine that the infection was in bone rather than in adjacent soft tissue was greater with simultaneous bone scan and In-111 leukocyte studies than with sequential studies. The locations of suspected osteomyelitis were divided into central (containing active bone marrow), peripheral (hands and feet), and middle (between central and peripheral). Specificity remained high (about 90%) regardless of the location. Overall sensitivity was significantly lower in the central location than in the peripheral or middle location. Determination of whether the In-111 leukocyte activity was in bone or adjacent soft tissue was also more difficult when the infection was in the central location. For acute osteomyelitis, sensitivity was high regardless of the location. For chronic osteomyelitis, sensitivity was lower in the central location.     

Optimised procedure for the calibration of the force platform location

An innovative optimised method, including an experiment and a mathematical model, for the calibration of the force platform location in the optoelectronic reference frame is proposed. The calibration experiment adopts a bearing-marker testing object contacting the platform and does not directly measure the platform location. The experiment is designed in order to avoid the main drawbacks possibly occurring in commonly adopted methods. The mathematical model of the experiment estimates the expected ground reaction. An optimisation algorithm identifies the optimal platform location as the one that best matches the measured outcome of the calibration experiment with the corresponding model estimate. The innovative calibration procedure has been assessed in terms of inter-tester reliability and compared with commonly used calibration procedures of platform location. These results evidenced how the introduction of such optimised procedure could improve the reliability of the calibrated platform location and, consequently, of the kinetic variables considered in posture and gait analysis.     

Phase Constrained Encoding (PACE): A Technique for MRI in Large Static Field Inhomogeneities

In spin echo imaging, magnetization is assigned to a location defined by its frequency of rotation. In the presence of a static magnetic field inhomogeneity, however, this location does not correspond to the true location of the magnetization. This paper describes a magnetic resonance imaging technique called phase constrained encoding (PACE) that assigns magnetization to its true location through the use of a spin echotrain and alternating readout gradients. Small artifactual sidebands occur in the point spread function but can be minimized or eliminated using higher gradient strengths, more echoes, and/or additional acquisitions. Implementation of a simple version of this technique confirms simulations.     

Analysis of the Sherlock II tip location system for inserting peripherally inserted central venous catheters

Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are frequently placed at the bedside. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of the Sherlock II tip location system (Bard Access Systems, Salt Lake City, UT), which offers electromagnetic detection of the PICC tip to assist the operator in guiding the tip to a desired location. We performed a retrospective review of patients who had a bedside PICC using the Sherlock II tip location system. Three hundred seventy-five of 384 patients (97.7%) had the catheter tip positioned appropriately. Our results suggest that the Sherlock II tip location system is an efficacious system for bedside PICC placement.     

Determination of subtalar joint axis location by restriction of talocrural joint motion

The location of the subtalar joint axis is an important determinant of the mechanical function of the foot. The moments of muscle forces and of the ground reaction force about the subtalar joint are dependent upon the location of this joint axis. There is substantial variation in subtalar axis location across subjects, but current methods for determining its location are often invasive or involve expensive imaging protocols. A novel technique for location of the subtalar axis is presented in which the talocrural joint is passively immobilized so that motion of the tibia relative to the calcaneus can be used to estimate the subtalar axis. This paper presents results of cadaver testing in which accuracy of the technique was assessed by comparing helical axes computed from calcaneus-tibia bone motions to axes computed from calcaneus-talus bone motions. Only small motions at the talocrural joint were observed, and good estimates of the subtalar axis (errors less than 15 degrees and 2mm) were achieved in four of six specimens.     

骨表面受累病变的平片、二维CT及三维CT重建对比研究

目的　研究螺旋CT三维重建对骨表面受累病变的定位与定性诊断价值 ,并与平片及二维CT做对比研究。方法　对平片显示的骨表面受累病变进行术前螺旋CT二维横断扫描 ,对其中 2 0例有手术病理结果者进行多平面重组及表面遮盖法三维立体重建 ,并比较各种影像学方法的定位与定性正确率。结果　平片、CT横断、多平面重组、表面遮盖法立体重建对骨表面受累病变的定性正确率分别为 75 %、80 %、65 %、60 % ;定位正确率分别为 90 %、75 %、85 %、95 %。二维CT横断扫描的定性正确率最高 ,CT三维立体重建的定位正确率最高。结论　螺旋CT三维重建对骨表面受累病变的定位诊断有重大价值     

Unusual case of lumbar synovial cyst

Synovial cysts are extradural degenerative lesions associated with symptoms of lower back pain and radiculopathy. To our knowledge, all the reported cases of synovial cysts in literature were posterolateral in location (1-4). This case report describes the previously unreported midline location of the synovial cyst in the spinal canal and to increase the level of awareness of diagnosing these lesions in a central location, especially in light of the evaluation of lumbar radiculopathy.     

A new method to localize the choroid point of the PICA and the venous copular point on the lateral projection of vertebral angiography

Summary The location of the choroid arterial point as well as of the copular venous point with reference to a line, dealing with the anatomical structure at the level of the cervicooccipital joint, was found to be a quick and accurate method for the diagnosis of tonsillar herniation. The application of this method has the advantage of giving the location of the choroid arterial point, and a control of the venous time of arteriography by the location of the copular point.     

Computed tomographic localization of pelvic hydatid disease

Nine patients with history of hydatid disease have been examined by CT. Localization of the hydatid cysts in the pelvis was established by anatomical criteria. Occasionally, the transverse plane can be confusing for the precise localization of a lesion. A central location, close to the boundaries of the bladder and rectum, can define peritoneal location. Further posterolateral retrovesical location can be considered retroperitoneal. Using these criteria, 8 cysts were situated within the peritoneum and 1 within the retroperitoneum.     

室间隔缺损心脏彩色多普勒超声与手术结果对比研究

目的：评价彩色多普勒超声心动图对室缺的定位及大小测量的准确性。方法：用彩超对123例室缺进行定位及大小测量,与手术结果进行对比分析。结果：彩超定位与手术结果完全符合者112例（91．06％）,基本符合者6例（4．88％）。不符合者5例（4．07％）。缺损大小的测量用分流的血流束过隔宽度与手术测量的缺损大小相近,而单用二维声像图测量的缺室大小则小于手术测值。结论：彩超对室缺的定位诊断及缺损大小的测量与手术结果密切相关。     

难治性颞叶癫痫的分子影像学研究与病理对照

目的:对照难治性颞叶癫痫(TLE)手术病理资料,探讨联合单光子发射计算机断层(SPECT)和质子磁共振波谱(1 H-MRS)两种分子影像学技术对TLE定位的临床价值。方法:选择29例经手术病理证实的单侧TLE。所有患者术前均行SPECT发作间期脑血流(CBF)灌注显像、常规磁共振(MRI)扫描和1 H-MRS成像。将两种分子影像学技术,发作间期CBF灌注显像和1 H-MRS,对TLE的定位表现与病理结果进行对比分析。结果:病理改变最常见的是海马硬化和皮质发育不良,共27例(93.10%),此两种改变伴随出现于16例中(55.17%)。对于双重病理TLE,MRI、SPECT定位阳性率均为100%(16/16),MRS为87.50%(14/16)。对于单纯性海马硬化,MRI为阴性,SPECT仅为14.29%(1/7),而MRS高达57.14%(4/7)。对于单纯性皮质发育不全,MRS为阴性,MRI为50.00%(2/4),而SPECT高达75.00%(3/4)。联合应用SPECT和MRS对TLE定位率高达86.20%(25/29),尤其是对MRI阴性的患者,两种技术联合能发现54.55%(6/11)TLE的致痫灶。结论:联合SPECT发作间期脑血流灌注显像和1 H-MRS两种分子影像学技术能为难治性TLE提供更为全面和准确的定位诊断信息,可进一步提高定位MRI阴性TLE患者致痫灶的比例。     

术中超声在颅内占位病灶切除中的应用探讨

目的：探讨术中超声在颅内占位病灶切除术中的应用效果。方法对23例颅内占位手术患者进行术中超声定位,选择手术路径,并判定病灶完整切除程度。结果23例颅内占位切除术中,22例术中超声定位准确,准确率达95.65﹪,仅1例误判行了再次手术;23例颅内占位病灶均完整切除,无死亡及严重并发症病例。结论术中超声能准确显示病灶的位置和范围,有助于术中病灶定位,减少正常脑组织的损伤,并判断病灶完整切除程度,对＜3cm的深部病灶尤具优势;高分辨率的超声探头及有经验的医师操作在术中至关重要。     

Optically stimulated luminescence in forensics

Tracking the former location of a radioactive source represents an attractive attribute in today's society, where the threat of a radiological dispersal device (RDD) is considered high. Development of a novel, retrospective detection technique based on optically stimulated luminescence is underway. This will allow confirmation of the former location of a radioactive source. Materials near the source's former location may be probed for information on accumulated dose by taking advantage of radiation-induced charge trapping that occurs in many common materials. The prototype detector design and analysis techniques are described.     

Computed tomography in intracranial,supratentorial metastases in children

Summary This study compares the CT characteristics in a consecutive sample of supratentorial metastases (n=31) with primary tumors of the same location (n=49) in childhood. Postcontrast CT was performed in all but one of the metastases cases. In all but one of these children the location and type of primary tumor was known at time of occurence of cerebral metastasis. Primary CNS tumors (n=12) had a higher incidense of supratentorial metastatic spread than tumor originating elsewhere. Three children had diffuse subarachnoid seeding, while 28 had solid tumors (21 solitary, 7 multiple). The predilection location for the solid metastases was the gray-white matter junction (n=12). The following CT findings were significantly less frquuent in metastases than in primary tumors (P<0.05): Midline location, calcification and cyst formation. On the other hand bleeding, pronouced contrast enhancement and location in the gray-white matter junction were more frequent in the metastatic group (P<0.05).     

胰岛素瘤的超声诊断:与其他诊断方法比较

目的:探讨超声等方法对胰岛素瘤的定位诊断价值。材料和方法:对42例经过手术和病理证实的胰岛素瘤患者术前定位诊断的各种方法进行回顾性分析,并与其他诊断方法对比分析其各自的定位符合率。结果:定位诊断符合率分别为B超31%(13/42)、EUS55.6%(5/9)、IOUS100%(10/10)、超声引导下PTPC100%(3/3)、CT59.5%(25/42)、MRI50%(6/12)、选择性DSA27.3%(3/11)及ASVS90%(9/10)。彩超(CDUS)对胰岛素瘤良、恶性有鉴别作用。结论:遵循循序渐进原则,先后选用B超(含CDUS)、EUS、CT等已可解决80%以上的定位诊断,然后再做MRI及ASVS;对仍未作出定位者,只要定性诊断明确即有手术探查指征,因为IOUS能提供可靠的定位信息。     

肺癌致上腔静脉综合征CT特征及其病理学基础

目的探讨肺癌致上腔静脉综合征(SVCS)生物学行为、肺癌与上腔静脉梗阻段周围病变位置关系的CT特征及病理学基础.资料与方法病理确诊肺癌致SVCS共51例,回顾分析肺癌解剖部位、大体类型及其致SVCS生物学行为、与上腔静脉梗阻段周围病变间位置关系的CT表现,并作统计分析.结果肺癌致SVCS生物学行为CT表现:直接蔓延7例,淋巴结转移17例,二者并存27例.致SVCS肺癌与上腔静脉梗阻段周围病变间位置关系CT表现:直接相连32例,间接相连10例,不相连接9例.不同肺叶不同大体类型肺癌致SVCS生物学行为及其与上腔静脉梗阻段周围病变间位置关系均不同(P<0.05).结论肺癌致SVCS生物学行为、与上腔静脉梗阻段周围病变间位置关系均与肺癌解剖部位及大体类型有关.     

脂多糖对S100A8和S100A9在Hepa 1-6细胞内定位的影响

目的观察S100钙结合蛋白A8（S100A8）和S100钙结合蛋白A9（S100A9）在细胞内定位及脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide,LPS）刺激对其细胞内定位的影响。方法将带有血凝素（HA）标签的S100A8或S100A9真核表达载体瞬时转染至小鼠Hepa1-6肝癌细胞,通过细胞免疫荧光方法观察S100A8、S100A9的胞内表达、定位及LPS对其定位的影响。结果静息状态下,S100A8、S100A9在细胞浆和细胞核都有分布;LPS刺激细胞2h后,S100A8移位入核,而S100A9在细胞内分布无明显变化。结论LPS刺激后S100A8、S100A9在细胞内的差异分布,提示两者在炎症反应中的作用不同,S100A8可能参与LPS诱导的基因表达调控。     

A case of torted parafimbrial cyst on MRI: case report and review of the literature

Para-ovarian cysts (POCs) are an occasional finding at surgery, although they are rarely appreciated on imaging studies. Accurate diagnosis depends upon the demonstration of a para-ovarian location. We present the MR appearances of a torted POC in a fimbrial location, resembling a dermoid cyst.