胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的影像学诊断进展

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤是一种位于扩张的主胰管和(或)分支胰管内、伴大量黏液分泌的肿瘤,易与慢性胰腺炎或胰腺囊腺瘤混淆而延误诊断.本文就国内外近年来关于胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的临床病理学及影像学研究进展进行综述,评价不同影像技术(US、CT、MRCP、ERCP)在胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤诊断中的作用.     

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的多层螺旋CT诊断

目的探讨胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤在多层螺旋CT上的影像特点。方法回顾性分析30例经手术切除和病理学证实的胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的临床、多层螺旋CT影像学资料,结合CT血管造影(computed tomography angiography,CTA)、多平面图像重组和二维曲面重组等影像技术观察其影像学表现,分析影像学表现与病理结果的相关性。结果 30例胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的多层螺旋CT诊断:主胰管型13例,分支胰管型9例,混合型8例;术后病理结果显示胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性瘤8例,胰腺交界性或低度恶性乳头状黏液瘤8例,胰腺导管内乳头状黏液癌14例。结论胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤具有特征性的影像学表现,螺旋CT能协助诊断并能对其分型,运用CTA、多平面图像重组和二维曲面重组等影像技术有助于术前评估肿瘤的良、恶性。     

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤:双排螺旋CT检查与诊断

目的探讨胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的CT表现,以及双排螺旋CT对胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的检查方法和诊断价值。方法回顾性研究2例在本院手术、并由病理确诊的胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤,分析双排螺旋CT的扫描方法和影像表现。结果双排螺旋CT采用第一期延时45s,第二期延时65s扫描,胰腺图像显示清晰;胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤表现为显著的胰管扩张和囊性病灶。结论双排螺旋CT采用合适的扫描方法对胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的诊断起到重要的作用。     

胰腺上皮内肿瘤命名法(英)

正常的胰腺导管上皮细胞呈立方形或矮柱状 ,胞质具有双嗜性、黏液性 ,核拥挤 ,上皮异型性在正常上皮中看不到。鳞状 (变移 )上皮化生　过去曾以表皮样化生和多层化生命名 ,即正常的立方导管上皮被成熟复层鳞状上皮或假复层变移上皮取代而没有异型性的过程。胰腺上皮内肿瘤 1Ａ(ＰａｎＩＮ 1Ａ)　包括幽门腺化生、杯状细胞化生、黏液细胞肥大、无异型性的导管上皮病变、黏液性导管增生、单纯增生、黏液细胞增生、导管上皮增生和非乳头状上皮肥大。表现为扁平上皮病变 ,即上皮细胞变成高柱状 ,核位于基底部 ,核上有丰富的黏液。细胞核小 ,圆…     

乳腺导管内乳头状病变64例临床病理分析

目的探讨乳腺导管内乳头状病变的临床病理特征及其鉴别诊断。方法对64例乳腺导管内乳头状病变进行HE染色和CK5/6、p63、CK8、ER免疫组化染色观察。结果导管内乳头状瘤(IP)51例,伴不典型导管增生(ADH)或导管原位癌(DCIS)6例,导管内乳头状癌(IPC)4例,实性乳头状癌3例。32例伴普通型导管增生的IP其增生上皮CK5/6呈镶嵌状(+),CK8呈分散或簇状(+),其中21例ER呈不均匀(+);纤维血管轴心肌上皮呈p63和CK5/6(+)。导管内乳头状瘤伴ADH、IP伴DCIS、IPC和SPC的增生上皮CK5/6(-),CK8片状(+),ER均匀强(+);纤维血管轴心肌上皮呈p63和CK5/6(-)或(+)。结论乳腺导管内乳头状病变是一组良、恶性混合存在的病变,应通过特定的组织形态、增生上皮CK5/6、CK8和ER的表达情况以及肌上皮的位置进行鉴别。     

胰腺浆液性及黏液性囊性肿瘤35例临床病理分析

目的探讨胰腺浆液性及黏液性囊性肿瘤的临床及病理学特点。方法回顾性分析35例胰腺浆液性及黏液性囊性肿瘤的临床及病理资料。结果 35例患者平均年龄为54岁,男女之比为1∶1.77。肿瘤位于胰头7例(20%),胰颈4例(11.4%),胰体尾24例(68.6%)。临床影像学表现均为胰腺囊性占位。所有患者均行手术治疗,其中浆液性囊腺瘤27例(77.1%)(微囊型20例、寡囊型7例),黏液性囊性肿瘤伴异型增生8例(22.9%)(伴低级别异型增生6例、伴中级别异型增生2例)。浆液性囊腺瘤为多房囊性,囊壁衬覆扁平或立方上皮,胞质透亮,核圆形或卵圆形,无明显异型和核分裂。黏液性囊性肿瘤伴低级别异型增生为多房囊性,囊壁衬覆柱状上皮,细胞核增大、位于基底部,胞质内含有黏液,囊壁内有富于细胞的卵巢样间质;伴中级别异型增生者可见乳头状突起及隐窝样凹陷形成,细胞排列呈假复层,核拥挤、增大,可见核分裂。30例经6个月至4年的随访未发现肿瘤复发或转移,5例术后痊愈,随访失联。结论胰腺浆液性及黏液性囊性肿瘤相对少见,掌握临床病理特征有助于准确的病理诊断。     

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的影像学分析

目的:探讨胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤(intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm,IPMN)的CT和磁共振成像(mag-netic resonance imaging,MRI)影像学表现。方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的18例胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的影像资料与病理诊断。结果:主胰管型IPMN 3例,表现为主胰管扩张;分支胰管型IPMN 5例,表现为分叶状单发囊性病变或葡萄串样多发囊性病变伴腔内分隔;混合型IPMN 10例,表现为囊性病变伴主胰管扩张。结论:CT和MRI对胰腺IPMN的诊断具有重要价值。     

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤4例病理分析并文献复习

目的探讨胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤(IPMN)的临床病理特点、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法结合临床病史,回顾性分析4例IPMN的病理学特点、诊断及鉴别诊断、治疗及预后,并进行文献复习。结果 4例IPMN均为老年男性,临床均以"胰头占位"收治入院。临床症状包括黄疸、慢性胰腺炎、急性胰腺炎愈后、进行性消瘦及肝功能异常。镜下见扩张的导管衬覆黏液柱状上皮细胞,形成含有纤维血管轴心的乳头状结构,上皮有异型性,局灶伴浸润。结论IPMN是胰腺最常见的导管内病变,多表现为胰腺囊肿。IPMN的诊断需要结合大体与组织学形态,免疫组化对其诊断和组织学分型有一定帮助。IPMN应与胰腺的其他囊性病变相鉴别。根据是否伴有浸润性癌,IPMN患者预后差异显著。     

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的影像学研究进展

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤是一种临床上少见的发生于胰腺导管上皮细胞肿瘤,近年来对该病的报道逐渐增多,现着重介绍其临床病理学、常用影像学表现及方法比较、影像学提示肿瘤恶性的因素及鉴别诊断,旨在提高对其影像学认识。     

胰腺导管内嗜酸性乳头状肿瘤临床病理观察

目的探讨胰腺导管内嗜酸性乳头状肿瘤的临床和病理组织学特征、可能的病因、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法对1例胰腺导管内嗜酸性乳头状肿瘤的临床、组织病理学以及免疫组化结果进行分析,并文献复习。结果肿瘤发生无性别差异,临床症状可表现为上腹部不适或疼痛。肿瘤主要发生于胰腺大导管内,呈单房或多房囊性结构,囊壁纤维化,囊内局部见质软、乳头状肿物;瘤细胞立方形,胞质丰富,嗜酸性、颗粒状。免疫组化:Syn和CgA(-),CD117(+)。结论胰腺导管内嗜酸性乳头状肿瘤为胰腺罕见肿瘤,目前除了组织学特征和K-ras基因的变化外,与胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤很难鉴别。     

Diagnosis and fine needle aspiration of intraductal papillary mucinous tumor by endoscopic ultrasound

A recently established clinical entity, intraductal papillary mucinous tumor (IPMT) of the pancreas embraces a spectrum of pathology ranging from benign to malignant disease. IPMT must be differentiated from other cystic neoplasms of the pancreas, as well as inflammatory cystic lesions. As the pancreas lies in close proximity to the gastric and duodenal walls, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is ideally suited for imaging the pancreas. Additionally, EUS facilitates fine needle aspiration of pancreatic cysts and/or a dilated pancreatic duct for cytologic and tumor marker analysis. This article presents a brief history of IPMT, differential diagnosis, current imaging modalities, findings of cytologic and tumor marker analysis, prognosis, and treatment strategy. Special emphasis is dedicated to the role of EUS, as well as EUS with fine needle aspiration.     

Mucin-hypersecreting bile duct tumor characterized by a striking homology with an intraductal papillary mucinous tumor (IPMT) of the pancreas

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: The mucin-hypersecreting bile duct tumor, which closely resembles an intraductal papillary mucinous tumor (IPMT) of the pancreas, is rare, and its clinical features are not well known. We report our experience of nine patients with this type of tumor, and analyze the data in order to elucidate its clinicopathologic characteristics. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1995 and 1998, nine consecutive patients (four men, five women; mean age 54) who were diagnosed as having a mucin-hypersecreting bile duct tumor were enrolled in this study. RESULTS: Recent or previous attacks of biliary pain and acute cholangitis were reported by most of the patients. Characteristics included a widely open ampulla of Vater with extrusion of mucin, and a diffuse dilated intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct with amorphous filling defects on cholangiogram. On cholangioscopic examination, a papillary mass or minute mucosal lesion was found in the dilated bile duct containing thick viscid mucin. Nine patients were referred for an operation, and curative resection was performed in eight of them. Using histologic examination, well differentiated adenocarcinoma in the background of benign hyperplasia and adenoma was documented in all patients except one, who showed pure adenoma. CONCLUSION: The mucin-hypersecreting bile duct tumor can be characterized by a striking homology with IPMT of the pancreas in clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features.     

Mucinous cystadenomas and intraductal papillary mucinous tumors of the pancreas in magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: In mucin-producing tumors of the pancreas, diagnosis using endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is limited to cystic formations that communicate with the main pancreatic duct. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is a new, sophisticated method which is currently under evaluation. The authors describe the usefulness of MRCP in diagnosis of mucin-producing tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Six patients with mucin-producing tumors were investigated using MRCP and ERCP. Imaging was compared with surgery and histopathological examinations. RESULTS: Three patients were found to have mucinous cystadenomas (MC), two patients had intraductal papillary mucinous tumors (IPMT) and one patient had a cystadenocarcinoma. MRCP demonstrated the cystic formations in all patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed contrast-mediated enhancement of the cystic wall in patients with MC, and visualized the pancreatic ducts completely in patients with IPMT. ERCP failed to visualize the cystic lesion in one patient with MC of the pancreatic tail. Furthermore, ERCP showed evidence of IPMT in dilated main ducts with multiple filling defects but did not visualize the ducts completely. CONCLUSIONS: MRCP provides visualization of pancreatic ducts, extraductal variations, and cystic formations more completely than ERCP does. It avoids complications seen in ERCP. MRCP may replace ERCP in the evaluation of mucin-producing tumors of the pancreas.     

胰腺囊性肿瘤的多层螺旋CT表现与病理对照

目的：探讨胰腺囊性肿瘤的多层螺旋CT（MSCT）表现和诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析21例经手术病理确诊的胰腺囊性肿瘤MSCT表现，其中浆液性囊腺瘤5例，黏液性囊腺肿瘤10例，导管内乳头状黏液瘤3例，实性假乳头状瘤3例。男5例，女16例，年龄14—78岁，平均52岁。使用4层和16层螺旋CT，平扫21例，同时增强20例。结果：①浆液性囊腺瘤多表现为多房囊性肿块，囊壁及分隔厚薄均匀，无壁结节。②黏液性囊腺肿瘤表现为多房或单房、边界清楚、无壁结节或壁结节小；而黏液性囊腺癌浸润周围组织、边界不清、壁结节较大。③导管内乳头状黏液瘤为多房或葡萄串样囊性肿块，与扩张的胰管相通。④实性假乳头状瘤边界清，可有较厚包膜，囊性成分与实性成分构成比例不一，实性部分逐步强化。结论：MSCT可以展示胰腺囊性肿瘤的病理特征，对诊断与鉴别诊断有较高的价值。     

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas: correlation of helical CT and dynamic MR imaging features with pathologic findings

BACKGROUND: We assessed the imaging features of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) of the pancreas paying special attention to underlying pancreatic fibrosis on three-phase helical computed tomography (CT) and dynamic magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. METHODS: Sixteen patients with histopathologically proven IPMNs underwent three-phase helical CT and dynamic MR imaging. RESULTS: IPMNs were seen as a cluster of cyst-like structures in branch duct (n = 5) and combined types (n = 10), and as a fusiform appearance in the main duct type (n = 1). IPMN shape was most easily visualized at the portal venous dominant phase or delayed phase owing to rim-like enhancement of the dilated ducts. Pathologically mild to severe fibrosis was seen on this enhanced rim replacing the surrounding pancreatic parenchyma. Communication between the dilated branch ducts and main pancreatic duct was identified in 15 patients on helical CT and 14 patients on dynamic MR imaging. In patients with fibrosis of pancreatic parenchyma surrounding this, communication was most easily visualized at the later phase on CT and MR imaging. Adenocarcinomas were depicted as papillary projections in eight of nine patients on CT and MR imaging. Invasion of the pancreatic parenchyma was seen in five of six patients as a solid mass in the pancreatic parenchyma. These masses were most easily visualized at the arterial dominant phase on both CT and MR imaging. CONCLUSION: Three-phase helical CT and dynamic MR imaging were useful in the diagnosis of IPMN of the pancreas.     

25例胰腺胰管内乳头状粘液性肿瘤MRI和ERCP比较研究

目的研究胰腺胰管内乳头状粘液性肿瘤的临床特点,MRI影像表现并和ERCP比较。方法自1998年至2001年25例(主胰管型6例,分枝型19例)手术证明的胰管内乳头状粘液性肿瘤患者。手术前所有患者均接受了MRI和ERCP检查,回顾分析了临床特点,MRI和ERCP影像学表现。结果MRI上主胰管型表现为弥漫/节段扩张的主胰管,5例伴有壁结节;分枝型表现为葡萄串状或单发的囊状肿瘤,14例内有壁结节,增强后壁结节明显强化。MRCP可清楚地显示19例分枝型IPMT和主胰管之间的交通。MRI和ERCP对肿瘤的显示率分别是100%,52%。结论与ERCP相比,MRI是一种非侵袭性的有效地诊断胰管内乳头状粘液性肿瘤的方法。MRCP(磁共振胆胰管成像)对分枝型肿瘤的诊断有重要意义。     

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的MSCT和MRCP诊断

目的 探讨胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤 （IPMN）的MSCT和MRCP影像学表现.方法 对26例经内镜或手术病理证实的IPMT患者的CT和MRCP表现进行回顾性分析.结果 分支胰管型IPMN12 例,表现为单发囊性病变或葡萄串样多发囊性病变伴腔内分隔或结节样突起;主胰管型 IPMN 5 例,表现为主胰管扩张伴管壁结节样突起;混合型IPMN 9例,表现为主胰管扩张和囊性病变合并存在.9例手术病理结果为腺瘤1例,交界性肿瘤2例,腺癌6例.结论 MSCT和MRCP对发现和诊断胰腺 IPMN具有较高价值.     

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液癌：动态增强CT、MR表现及其病理基础

目的：探讨胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性癌（IPMC）的MSCT、MR表现及诊断价值。材料和方法：经手术病理证实的IPMC 9例,术前均经多排螺旋CT平扫和增强扫描,5例行MR平扫和增强扫描,复习扫描结果并和手术病理作回顾性对照分析。结果：9例患者中主胰管型5例,表现为主胰管明显扩张,多数见管壁结节,CT呈稍高密度,MRI为稍长T1长T2信号,不均匀,胰管内呈长T1长T2信号;分支胰管型3例,表现为分叶状单发囊性或多发囊性病变,腔内见分隔及结节样突起或肿块,CT呈稍高密度,MRI为稍长T1长T2信号,2例CT MPR图像及MRCP显示病灶与主胰管相通;混合型1例,表现为囊状病灶,内有附壁结节,合并主胰管扩张,囊内为长T1长T2信号。6例病灶主胰管不同程度扩张（4～45mm）,6例胰腺不同程度萎缩,3例显示十二指肠乳头膨大,2例见不规则点状钙化。增强扫描分隔强化较明显,附壁结节强化稍弱且不均匀。结论：MSCT薄层扫描及MRI对IPMC诊断价值较大,结合MPR、CPR、MRCP能够显示胰腺IPMC的病理特征,有利于显示较小结节及胰管改变,结合其临床特征,多数病例可与胰腺导管内良性乳头状黏液性肿瘤鉴别。     

Cystic pancreatic neoplasms evaluation by CT and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography

CT provides limited assistance in the differentiation between serous and mucinous neoplasms. Because of the variability in the radiographic appearance of serous cystadenomas and overlap in CT characteristics with mucinous neoplasms, most serous neoplasms still require ancillary testing such as biopsy to reach a definitive diagnosis. MRCP is useful in differentiating benign and malignant mucinous tumors including IPMT of the pancreas. The presence of mural nodules is suggestive of malignancy; however, the absence of mural nodules does not indicate that the tumor is benign. A maximum main pancreatic duct diameter of greater than 15 mm and diffuse dilatation of the main pancreatic duct are suggestive of malignancy in main duct-type tumors. Among branch duct-type tumors, malignant tumors tend to be larger than benign tumors; however, this finding is variable. The presence of main pancreatic duct dilatation may be helpful in determining malignancy of branch duct-type tumors.