3D-FIESTA在三叉神经痛诊断中的应用

目的:对磁共振MR三维稳态进动快速成像序列(three-dimensional fast imaging employing steady stateacquisition,3D-FIESTA)诊断三叉神经痛(TN)血管神经压迫的价值进行评价.方法:临床诊断TN 29例,先行SE T1WI、T2WI扫描,然后利用高分辨3D-FIESTA图像,观察神经与血管的关系,判断有无血管压迫神经,其中9例与手术结果对照.结果:3例为肿瘤所致,22例为血管压迫引起,4例未发现病因.结论:MRI对发现TN病因具有重要价值,特别是3D-FIESTA原始图像是显示神经血管接触的敏感方法,对选择手术方法具有重要的指导意义.     

The value of application of MRI special sequence in diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgia and facial spasm

AIM:To evaluate the diagnosis value of MRI for neurovascular compression (NVC) in trigeminal neuralgia(TN) and facial spasm(FS).METHODS:15 patients with TN and 2 patient with F5 underwent SE T1W1 and T2W1 first,then 3D-TOF-SPGR sequences,RESULTS:NVC was found in all the patients,MRI findings were consistent with the surgical operative findings completely,CONCLUSION:It is considered to be of important to use MRI to find out the causes of TN and FS,especially to utilize the 3D-TOF-SPGR sequences,which may possess high sensitivity in determining NVC.     

应用MRI特殊序列诊断在三叉神经痛和面肌痉挛价值

INTRODUCTIONManyfactorsincludingneurovasuclarcompression（NVC）arecon－tributedtotrigeminalneuralgiaandfacialspasm，andNVCcanbecorrectedbymicrovesselsdecompression犤１犦．Currently，evidencesabouttheroleofneurovascualrcompressionintrigeminalneuralgiaandfacialspasmisunavailable，andforwhichimagingexaminationisconcentratedondiagnosisorexclusionofoccupyinglesions．MATERIALSANDMETHODSMaterials１５subejctswithclinicallyconfirmedunilateraltrigeminalneuralgiaincluding９menand６womenaged…     

Decision analysis of medical and surgical treatments for trigeminal neuralgia: how patient evaluations of benefits and risks affect the utility of treatment decisions

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a rare form of neuropathic facial pain characterised by severe, paroxysmal pains in the face. Little is known about the decision process in treatment of TN, and management with anti-epileptic drugs or surgical procedures carries risks of side effects, recurrence and complications. One hundred fifty-six previously diagnosed TN patients completed an adapted time-trade-off utility measurement questionnaire to ascertain how they valued the potential outcomes from various surgical and medical treatments. The decision analysis revealed that microvascular decompression surgery (MVD) offered the best chance of improved quality of life or highest maximum expected utility (MEU). MVD (MEU=16.08 out of a possible 20) was closely followed by balloon compression (MEU=15.97), percutaneous glycerol rhizolysis (MEU=15.61) and then radiofrequency thermocoagulation (MEU=14.93). Medication offered the least optimal chance of improved quality of life (MEU=14.61). The difference between the highest (MVD) and lowest scoring treatments (medication) was 7.3% (1.46/20). These results were sensitive to some utility values, meaning the preferred treatment is changed by the values patients assign to outcomes. As surgical techniques narrowly offer the highest chance of maximising patient quality of life, all patients with TN should consider surgery. However, surgery is not right for everyone, and patients should be informed about their full range of choices. Treatment decisions must take place after careful consideration of the values patients place on benefits and risks of treatment.     

感觉根入髓区血管压迫是三叉神经痛的主要病因

目的:研究显微血管减压手术(microvascular decompression, MVD)治疗三叉神经痛(trigeminal neuralgia, TN)的适应症、术中所见、术后疗效和安全性.探讨TN的主要病因及发病机制.方法:2000年12月到2003年10月间,169例TN患者接受了显微外科手术,手术前后进行了直观模拟量表(Visual Analogue Scales, VAS)评分.结果:术后1周疼痛消失131例,疼痛减轻35例,疼痛无变化3例.手术前后VAS评分分别为8.86±1.08和0.48±0.12,统计结果表明手术前后疼痛改变有显著性差异.术后无死亡病例,手术并发症多为暂时性并发症.随访期间有4例复发.结论:MVD手术的有效性证明了三叉神经感觉根入髓区血管压迫是TN的主要病因.     

3.0 T MRI 3D-TOF序列联合3D-FIESTA序列结合多平面重建在三叉神经微血管减压术术前评估中的应用价值

目的探讨3.0 T MRI 3D-TOF序列联合3D-FIESTA序列结合多平面重建在三叉神经微血管减压术术前评估中的应用价值。材料与方法回顾性分析187例湘雅医院原发性三叉神经痛行三叉神经微血管减压术(MVD)的病例资料,将术前3D-TOF序列联合3D-FIESTA序列检查情况与术中探查结果进行对比研究。结果 187例患者术前3D-TOF序列联合3D-FIESTA序列显示:症状侧三叉神经血管压迫(neurovascular compression,NVC)阳性173例,阳性率达92.3%,MVD术发现血管神经压迫179例,阳性率达95.6%。其中小脑上动脉73例(40.8%)、小脑前下动脉28例(15.4%)、基底动脉17例(9.8%)、小脑后下动脉5例(3.2%)、复合压迫35例(20.2%)、静脉11例(6.2%)。3D-TOF序列联合3D-FIESTA序列显示无血管压迫14例,阴性率7.7%,而术中发现无责任血管10例,阴性符合率58.8%。症状对侧血管压迫阳性20例,假阳性率10.7%,两侧阳性率差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 3D-TOF序列联合3D-FIESTA序列,结合3D后处理重建能相对清晰显示三叉神经与周围血管的空间关系,是三叉神经微血管减压术术前评估的有效方法之一。     

Abnormal trigeminal nerve microstructure and brain white matter in idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia

Idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is classically associated with neurovascular compression (NVC) of the trigeminal nerve at the root entry zone (REZ), but NVC-induced structural alterations are not always apparent on conventional imaging. Previous studies report lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in the affected trigeminal nerves of TN patients using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). However, it is not known if TN patients have trigeminal nerve abnormalities of mean, radial, or axial diffusivity (MD, RD, AD – metrics linked to neuroinflammation and edema) or brain white matter (WM) abnormalities. DTI scans in 18 right-sided TN patients and 18 healthy controls were retrospectively analyzed to extract FA, RD, AD, and MD from the trigeminal nerve REZ, and Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) was used to assess brain WM. In patients, the affected trigeminal nerve had lower FA, and higher RD, AD, and MD was found bilaterally compared to controls. Group TBSS (P < 0.05, corrected) showed patients had lower FA and increased RD, MD, and AD in brain WM connecting areas involved in the sensory and cognitive-affective dimensions of pain, attention, and motor functions, including the corpus callosum, cingulum, posterior corona radiata, and superior longitudinal fasciculus. These data indicate that TN patients have abnormal tissue microstructure in their affected trigeminal nerves, and as a possible consequence, WM microstructural alterations in the brain. These findings suggest that trigeminal nerve structural abnormalities occur in TN, even if not apparent on gross imaging. Furthermore, MD and RD findings suggest that neuroinflammation and edema may contribute to TN pathophysiology.     

Structural abnormalities of the trigeminal root revealed by diffusion tensor imaging in patients with trigeminal neuralgia caused by neurovascular compression: a prospective, double-blind, controlled study

Because diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is able to assess tissue integrity, we used diffusion to detect abnormalities in trigeminal nerves (TGN) in patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) caused by neurovascular compression (NVC). We also studied anatomical TGN parameters (cross-sectional area [CSA] and volume [V]). Using DTI sequencing in a 3-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner, we measured the fraction of anisotropy (FA) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of TGN in 10 patients selected as candidates to have microvascular decompression (MVD) for TN, and 6 normal control subjects. We compared data between the affected nerves of TN (ipsilateral TN), unaffected nerves of TN (contralateral TN), and both nerves in normal subjects (controls), and correlated these data with CSA and V. The FA of the ipsilateral TN (0.37 ± 0.08) was significantly lower (P < .05) compared with the contralateral TN (0.48 ± 0.08) and control values (0.52 ± 0.04). The ADC of ipsilateral TN (5.6 ± 0.89 mm²/s) was significantly higher (P < .05) compared with the contralateral TN (4.26 ± 0.59 mm²/s) and control values (3.84 ± 0.43 mm²/s). Ipsilateral TN had less V and CSA compared with contralateral TN and control values (P < .05). The Spearman correlation coefficient showed a strong positive correlation between loss of FA and loss of V (r = 0.7576) and loss of CSA (r = 0.9273) of affected nerves. The Spearman correlation coefficient showed a strong negative correlation between increase in ADC and loss of V (r = −0.7173) and loss of CSA (r = −0.7416) in affected nerves. DTI revealed alteration in the FA and ADC values of the affected TGN. These alterations were correlated with atrophic changes in patients with TN caused by NVC.     

原发性三叉神经痛患者神经血管压迫特征及其周围结构变化

目的 观察原发性三叉神经痛（TN）患者神经血管压迫（NVC）特征,定量分析三叉神经周围结构改变。方法 回顾性分析30例临床诊断TN （TN组）及30例存在眩晕或听力减退等症状但无三叉神经痛相关症状患者或健康体检者（对照组）的头部梯度回波-平衡式稳态自由进动序列图像和三维-时间飞跃-MR血管成像,观察TN组双侧三叉神经NVC表现,定量分析组间双侧三叉神经根入脑干区（REZ）之间距离及双侧REZ与小脑上动脉（SCA）起点高度差的差异。结果 TN组26例存在NVC,包括25例患侧（15例患侧、10例双侧）及1例对侧NVC;其中21例可见动脉NVC （12例患侧、8例双侧及1例对侧）,13例可见静脉NVC （10例患侧、2例双侧及1例对侧）,8例同时存在动、静脉NVC （6例患侧、1例双侧及1例患侧动脉NVC+对侧静脉NVC）;21例共29条三叉神经存在动脉NVC,包括24条SCA、6条小脑前下动脉（AICA）、2条椎动脉（VA）及1条小脑后下动脉（PICA） NVC;13例15条三叉神经存在静脉NVC,压迫血管均为岩上静脉系统（SPVS）。TN组与对照组双侧REZ间距分别为（3.48±0.17） cm及（3.38±0.16） cm,双侧REZ与SCA起点高度差分别为（1.22±0.30） cm及（1.40±0.26） cm,组间差异均有统计学意义（t=－2.242、2.482,P=0.029、0.016）。结论 TN患者NVC表现为双侧REZ距离增大、双侧REZ与SCA起点高度差缩小。     

Trigeminal neuralgia and pain related to multiple sclerosis

Although many patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) complain of trigeminal neuralgia (TN), its cause and mechanisms are still debatable. In a multicentre controlled study, we collected 130 patients with MS: 50 patients with TN, 30 patients with trigeminal sensory disturbances other than TN (ongoing pain, dysaesthesia, or hypoesthesia), and 50 control patients. All patients underwent pain assessment, trigeminal reflex testing, and dedicated MRI scans. The MRI scans were imported and normalised into a voxel-based, 3D brainstem model that allows spatial statistical analysis. The onset ages of MS and trigeminal symptoms were significantly older in the TN group. The frequency histogram of onset age for the TN group showed that many patients fell in the age range of classic TN. Most patients in TN and non-TN groups had abnormal trigeminal reflexes. In the TN group, 3D brainstem analysis showed an area of strong probability of lesion (P < 0.0001) centred on the intrapontine trigeminal primary afferents. In the non-TN group, brainstem lesions were more scattered, with the highest probability for lesions (P < 0.001) in a region involving the subnucleus oralis of the spinal trigeminal complex. We conclude that the most likely cause of MS-related TN is a pontine plaque damaging the primary afferents. Nevertheless, in some patients a neurovascular contact may act as a concurring mechanism. The other sensory disturbances, including ongoing pain and dysaesthesia, may arise from damage to the second-order neurons in the spinal trigeminal complex.     

三叉神经痛神经血管压迫的影像学评价

精确地评价三叉神经入口处神经血管压迫,对三叉神经痛患者施行微血管减压术的规划是有用的。应用界限成像融合三维磁共振脑池造影术/血管造影术能立体的显示三叉神经入口处神经血管压迫的解剖学关系,评价责任血管的存在,压迫的部位及程度。界限融合三维磁共振脑池造影术/血管造影术对三叉神经痛患者的诊断及成功地实施微血管减压术是有用的。     

Neuronavigation-assisted percutaneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation therapy in trigeminal neuralgia

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the roles of neuronavigation-assisted percutaneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation therapy in patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia (TN). METHODS: Neuronavigation technique was applied in 12 consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation therapy for their primary TN. RESULTS: Neuronavigation assistance ensured precise puncture of oval foramen and successful targeting of trigeminal nerve ganglion in all 12 patients during percutaneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation therapy and resulted in 100% of acute cure rate of TN without major complications. CONCLUSIONS: Neuronavigation is a very useful tool during percutaneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation therapy in patients with primary TN.     

Leveraging high-resolution 7-tesla MRI to derive quantitative metrics for the trigeminal nerve and subnuclei of limbic structures in trigeminal neuralgia

BackgroundTrigeminal Neuralgia (TN) is a chronic neurological disease that is strongly associated with neurovascular compression (NVC) of the trigeminal nerve near its root entry zone. The trigeminal nerve at the site of NVC has been extensively studied but limbic structures that are potentially involved in TN have not been adequately characterized. Specifically, the hippocampus is a stress-sensitive region which may be structurally impacted by chronic TN pain. As the center of the emotion-related network, the amygdala is closely related to stress regulation and may be associated with TN pain as well. The thalamus, which is involved in the trigeminal sensory pathway and nociception, may play a role in pain processing of TN. The objective of this study was to assess structural alterations in the trigeminal nerve and subregions of the hippocampus, amygdala, and thalamus in TN patients using ultra-high field MRI and examine quantitative differences in these structures compared with healthy controls.MethodsThirteen TN patients and 13 matched controls were scanned at 7-Tesla MRI with high resolution, T1-weighted imaging. Nerve cross sectional area (CSA) was measured and an automated algorithm was used to segment hippocampal, amygdaloid, and thalamic subregions. Nerve CSA and limbic structure subnuclei volumes were compared between TN patients and controls.ResultsCSA of the posterior cisternal nerve on the symptomatic side was smaller in patients (3.75 mm²) compared with side-matched controls (5.77 mm², p = 0.006). In TN patients, basal subnucleus amygdala volume (0.347 mm³) was reduced on the symptomatic side compared with controls (0.401 mm³, p = 0.025) and the paralaminar subnucleus volume (0.04 mm³) was also reduced on the symptomatic side compared with controls (0.05 mm³, p = 0.009). The central lateral thalamic subnucleus was larger in TN patients on both the symptomatic side (0.033 mm³) and asymptomatic side (0.035 mm³), compared with the corresponding sides in controls (0.025 mm³ on both sides, p = 0.048 and p = 0.003 respectively). The inferior and lateral pulvinar thalamic subnuclei were both reduced in TN patients on the symptomatic side (0.2 mm³ and 0.17 mm³ respectively) compared to controls (0.23 mm³, p = 0.04 and 0.18 mm³, p = 0.04 respectively). No significant findings were found in the hippocampal subfields analyzed.ConclusionsThese findings, generated through a highly sensitive 7 T MRI protocol, provide compelling support for the theory that TN neurobiology is a complex amalgamation of local structural changes within the trigeminal nerve and structural alterations in subnuclei of limbic structures directly and indirectly involved in nociception and pain processing.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10194-021-01325-4.     

原发性三叉神经痛的显微外科治疗

目的 :探讨原发性三叉神经痛的显微外科治疗及其疗效。方法 :根据术中探查有无明确的血管压迫三叉神经 ,分别采用显微血管减压术或感觉根部分切断术。 132例病人中 95例行血管减压术 ;37例行感觉根切断术。结果 :无手术死亡病例。随访 6个月 15年 ,治愈或好转 130例 ,有效率为     

原发性三叉神经痛伽玛刀放射外科治疗的有效性评估

目的:评价伽玛刀放射外科治疗原发性三叉神经痛的安全性、有效性和心理状态。方法:2004年8月~2010年9月,98例经药物和其他方法治疗无效的原发性三叉神经痛患者接受伽玛刀放射外科治疗。放射剂量中位值是80 Gy(75~85 Gy)。采用患者自我报告疼痛的控制、生活满意度指数A(1ife satisfaction index A,LSI-A)的变化进行疗效评估。结果:治疗后89例(90.8%)患者获得随访,平均随访期35个月(13~60个月)。本组病例中治愈51例(57.3%);显效19例(21.3%);有效11例(12.4%);无效8例(9%),总有效率为91%;伽玛刀治疗后LSI-A总分平均值(36.25±3.87)高于治疗前(25.67±3.5);其中67例以往未接受过手术治疗患者中62例获得随访,58例有效,总有效率为93.5%。11例患者感觉患侧面部麻胀感,1例(二次治疗者)张口轻度受限。结论:伽玛刀放射外科治疗三叉神经痛显著缓解疼痛,提高生存质量。     

Treatment of recurrent trigeminal neuralgia due to Teflon granuloma

Recurrent trigeminal neuralgia after microvascular decompression (MVD) may be due to insufficient decompression, dislocation of the implant to pad the neurovascular contact, or the development of granuloma. Here, we report on our experience with Teflon granuloma including its treatment and histopathological examination. In a series of 200 patients with trigeminal neuralgia MVD was performed with Teflon felt according to Jannetta’s technique. In three patients with recurrent facial pain Teflon granuloma was found to be the cause for recurrence. In each instance, the granuloma was removed for histopathological examination. Mean age at the first procedure was 62.3 years and at the second procedure 66.3 years. Recurrence of pain occurred between 1 and 8.5 years after the first procedure. MRI scans demonstrated local gadolineum enhancement in the cerebellopontine angle, and CT scans showed local calcification. Intraoperatively dense fibrous tissue was found at the site of the Teflon granuloma. Histopathological examination revealed foreign body granuloma with multinuclear giant cells, collagen-rich hyalinized scar tissue, focal hemosiderin depositions, and microcalcifications. The Teflon granuloma was completely removed, and a new Teflon felt was used for re-decompression. Patients were free of pain after the second procedure at a mean of 40.3 months of follow-up. Teflon granuloma is a rare cause for recurrent facial pain after MVD. Small bleeding into the Teflon felt at surgery might trigger its development. A feasible treatment option is surgical re-exploration, nerve preserving removal of the granuloma, and repeat MVD.     

功能MRI探索2型糖尿病神经血管耦联改变机制进展

2型糖尿病(T2DM)认知功能损伤与神经血管耦联(NVC)改变存在密切关系,但目前对于具体机制尚不完全清楚。利用功能MRI(fMRI)技术可联合解析T2DM患者NVC改变,为揭示T2DM所致认知功能障碍的机制提供了新思路。本文就fMRI探索T2DM所致NVC改变进展进行综述。     

3.0T磁共振成像在血管压迫性三叉神经痛中的应用

目的 探讨3.0T MRI在血管压迫性三叉神经痛中的应用。方法 对32例三叉神经痛患者行轴位3D-TOF MRA及3D-FIESTA-C,并分别进行MPR、CMPR及仿真内镜重建（MRVE）,分析患侧血管与神经的关系。结果 32例中,5例（5/32,15.63%）患侧血管与神经无接触,4例（4/32,12.50%）可疑接触,5例（5/32,15.63%）明确接触;18例（18/32,56.25%）存在压迫,其中14例（14/18,77.78%）责任血管为小脑上动脉,2例（2/18,11.11%）为岩静脉,另外分别为小脑前下动脉、基底动脉各1例（1/18,5.56%）。对其中15例行微血管减压术（MVD）,MRI所示责任血管与术中所见相吻合;术后11例疼痛消失,4例疼痛较前明显减轻。结论 3.0T MRI可有效区分导致血管压迫性三叉神经痛的责任动脉及静脉与神经的关系;3D-FIESTA-C的CMPR及MRVE可提高判断接触与压迫的敏感度与准确率,对显示责任静脉具有优势,MRVE三维空间立体定位可作为MVD术前评估的有力补充。     

双激发平衡式稳态自由进动序列曲面重建在血管压迫性三叉神经痛及面肌痉挛的应用价值

目的：评价双激发平衡式稳态自由进动(3D-FIESTA-C)序列曲面重建(curvature plane reconstruction,CPR)在血管压迫性三叉神经痛(trigeminal neuralgia,TN)及面肌痉挛(hemifacial spasm,HFS)的应用价值。材料与方法对临床诊断的48例TN及33例HFS患者进行3D-FIESTA-C扫描,经后处理工作站进行CPR,分析判断症状侧血管神经关系,81例患者中65例与手术结果对照,并对结果的一致性采用Kappa分析。结果81例经CPR判断血管神经无接触8例,接触25例,压迫48例,在接触及压迫病例中患侧脑池间距较对侧窄小者33例,脑干变形12例,2名医师对65例3D-FIESTA-C以及联合曲面重建结果与微血管减压术(microvascular decopression,MVD)术后的Kappa一致性检验结果(K值分别为0.790、0.622、0.755),3D-FIESTA-C及联合CPR检测责任血管的灵敏度分别为83.08%、96.92%,特异度分别为93.00%、75%,阳性预测值分别为98.10%、94.02%,阴性预测值分别为57.69%、85.71%。结论3D-FIESTA-C CPR能够对血管神经解剖关系提供更为全面准确的观察视角,可为术前评估及病因诊断提供重要依据。     

Comparison of clinical symptoms and magnetic resonance angiographic (MRA) results in patients with trigeminal neuralgia and persistent idiopathic facial pain. Medium-term outcome after microvascular decompression of cases with positive MRA findings

Neurovascular compression (NC) seems to have been confirmed as the major cause of classical trigeminal neuralgia (TN). In spite of the large number of surgically positive cases, however, there are still cases where no vascular compression of the trigeminal nerve can be found. To evaluate whether NC could be demonstrated preoperatively, high-resolution magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) was performed in 287 consecutive patients with TN and persistent idiopathic facial pain (PIFP) on a 0.5-T and a 1-T MR unit. Depending on the clinical symptoms, the TN cases were divided into typical TN and trigeminal neuralgia with non-neuralgic interparoxysmal pain (TNWIP) groups. Microvascular decompression (MVD) was performed in 103 of the MRA-positive cases. The patients were followed up postoperatively for from 1 to 10 years. The clinical symptoms were compared with the imaging results. The value of MRA was assessed on the basis of the clinical symptoms and surgical findings. The outcome of MVD was graded as excellent, good or poor. The clinical symptoms were compared with the type of vascular compression and the outcome of MVD. The MRA image was positive in 161 (56%) of the 287 cases. There were significant differences between the clinical groups: 66.5% of the typical TN group, 47.5% of the TNWIP group and 3.4% of the PIFP group were positive. The quality of the MR unit significantly determined the ratio of positive/negative MRA results. The surgical findings corresponded with the MRA images. Six patients from the MRA-negative group were operated on for selective rhizotomy and no NC was found. Venous compression of the trigeminal nerve was observed in a significantly higher proportion in the background of TNWIP than in that of typical TN on MRA imaging (24.1% and 0.8%, respectively) and also during MVD (31.2% and 1.2%, respectively). Four years following the MVD, 69% of the patients gave an excellent, 23% a good and 8% a poor result. The rate of some kind of recurrence of pain was 20% in the typical TN and 44% in TNWIP group. The rate of recurrence was 57% when pure venous compression was present. The only patient who was operated on from the PIFP group did not react to the MVD. The clinical symptoms and preoperative MRA performed by at least a 1-T MR unit furnish considerable information, which can play a role in the planning of the treatment of TN.