带血管髂骨瓣移植同期种植体植入整复节段性下颌骨缺损

目的：利用血管化髂骨移植同期种植体植入早期整复节段性下颌骨缺损。方法：对5例下颌骨肿瘤患者于肿瘤切除后采用血管化的游离髂骨移植同期植入骨内种植体，术后6个月行Ⅱ期手术、义齿修复。结果：移植骨存活，植入的13枚种植体均与移植骨形成骨结合。义齿修复后随访6～48个月，种植体无松动、脱落．种植体颈部未见明显的骨质吸收。患者外形、咀嚼功能恢复满意。结论：采用该方法可早期整复节段性下颌骨缺损，运用时需注意种植体植入位置准确。     

自体髂骨游离移植同期人工牙种植修复下颌骨缺损二例报告

两例因下颌骨良性肿瘤行下颌骨部分切除的病例，采用自体髂骨游离移植，同期骨内种植体植入，用以修复颌骨缺损及牙列缺损，治疗效果良好，为非血管化移植骨上同期植入牙种植体可以达到骨愈合提供了直接证据。     

即刻植骨同期种植体植入修复下颌骨缺损

目的：探讨下颌骨缺损即刻植骨同期种植的可行性。方法：对6例下颌骨部分切除的患者，行下颌骨缺损即刻植骨同期种植术。其中2例行血管化腓骨双层折叠移植，另4例为非血管化髂骨移植。同期植入种植体共19颗。结果：6例术后均一期愈合，X线显示种植体周围骨结合正常。结论：下颌骨缺损血管化和非血管化骨移植同期种植术是可行的，但由于同期种植的复杂性，要求在适应症的选择及手术操作上应更加严格。     

血管化腓骨游离移植重建下颌骨缺损及同期种植体植入

目的：介绍血管化腓骨游离移植即刻重建下颌骨缺损并同期植入牙种植体的方法。方法：对2例下颌骨造釉细胞瘤骨缺损行血管化腓骨游离移植重建，于术中同期植入Frialit-2台阶柱状牙种植体，术后进行临床和影像学追踪观察。结果：2例患者面部外形恢复满意，咬合关系正常，X线与CT检查骨愈合良好，骨重建形态与种植体位置满意．结论：血管化腓骨游离移植与同期牙种植体植入重建下颌骨缺损可有效地恢复面部外形和口腔生理功能。     

非血管化髂骨移植修复下颌骨部份缺损

目的 总结应用非血管化髂骨移植同期修复不同类型下颌骨缺损的临床经验.方法 对1996年1月～2006年1月136例应用非血管化髂骨移植同期修复下颌骨部份缺损的病例进行回顾性研究,按HCL分类法对下颌骨缺损分类,分析不同类型的下颌骨缺损应用非血管化髂骨移植同期修复术后的效果,植骨区并发症及移植骨吸收情况.结果 总体移植骨成活率89.7%,其中L类缺损成功率最高.术后总体感染发生率16.9%,其中H类缺损感染率最高.术后6个月植入骨均有不同程度的吸收,以H类缺损骨吸收最明显.结论 非血管化髂骨移植是修复下颌骨节段性缺损的简单有效的方法,以L类缺损最适宜.     

即刻植骨同期种植体植入修复下颌骨缺损

目的 :探讨下颌骨缺损即刻植骨同期种植的可行性。方法 :对 6例下颌骨部分切除的患者 ,行下颌骨缺损即刻植骨同期种植术。其中 2例行血管化腓骨双层折叠移植 ,另 4例为非血管化髂骨移植。同期植入种植体共 19颗。结果 :6例术后均一期愈合 ,X线显示种植体周围骨结合正常。结论 :下颌骨缺损血管化和非血管化骨移植同期种植术是可行的 ,但由于同期种植的复杂性 ,要求在适应症的选择及手术操作上应更加严格     

非血管化游离骨移植同期种植骨活力的实验研究

目的观察非血管化骨移植同期种植的骨块在不同离体时间点植入体内后细胞活力及成骨情况.方法拔除狗前磨牙,口腔粘膜完全愈合后,截除长度3 cm的无牙下颌骨段,取不带血管和软组织的髂骨全层,植入直径2 mm带自攻螺纹的纯钛种植体2～3枚,分别在离体60、120分钟内植入下颌缺损区.术后4、8周取出植骨块,观察游离移植的非血管化骨块内细胞活力和新骨形成情况.结果非血管化游离骨移植同期种植恢复了下颌骨节段性缺损的连续性.游离骨块在离体60分钟植入体内4～8周为活骨块,可见到大量成活的骨细胞,并有数量不等的新骨形成.离体120分钟的游离骨块植入体内后4～8周为死骨块,其中未见成活骨细胞,部分骨块中见到破骨细胞.结论在以狗为对象的实验中,非血管化游离髂骨块移植同期种植可以修复长度3cm的下颌骨节段性缺损,植入体内骨块能否成活与其离体时间有关.     

35例自体髂骨同期修复重建下颌骨缺损回顾性分析

目的:对同期行自体游离髂骨修复重建下颌骨缺损患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,比较非血管化/血管化两种髂骨移植形式修复下颌骨部分或节段性缺损术后的成活率。方法:选择2008年1月～2010年12月,在武汉大学口腔医院口腔颌面外科行同期自体游离髂骨移植修复重建下颌骨缺损的患者35例。回顾临床资料,对血管化或非血管化髂骨移植的病变类型、下颌骨缺损的部位和大小、修复重建方法以及髂骨的成活率进行比较。结果:纳入研究对象35例,男19例,女16例。年龄16～65岁,平龄39岁。非肿瘤性疾病4例,占11.6%;良性肿瘤22例,占62.7%;恶性肿瘤9例,占25.7%。血管化和非血管化髂骨的平均长度分别为(5.9±1.2)cm和(5.5±1.4)cm,(P=0.407);平均高度分别为(2.7±0.4)cm和(2.3±0.6)cm,(P<0.05)。血管化髂骨和非血管化髂骨的总成活率分别为100%和76.2%,(P<0.05)。非血管化髂骨修复重建下颌骨部分缺损和节段性缺损的成活率分为别91.7%和55.6%,(P=0.055)。非血管化髂骨长度>5.5 cm和≤5.5 cm的下颌骨缺损的成活率分别为63.6%和91.7%,(P=0.311)。结论:血管化髂骨移植适用于长度在8cm以内的下颌骨体部分或节段性缺损的修复重建;非血管化髂骨适用于修复重建长度<5.5 cm的下颌骨部分缺损。     

非血管化髂骨移植重建下颌骨缺损的临床分析

目的对非血管化髂骨移植重建下颌骨缺损的病例进行临床回顾性分析,探讨其治疗效果及手术注意事项。方法选择因肿瘤和外伤致下颌骨缺损后行自体非血管化髂骨同期移植重建术修复的34例患者为研究对象,分析其手术方法、术后效果及并发症的发生情况。结果采用游离非血管化髂骨同期移植重建下颌骨缺损的34例患者中,小钛板双排内固定31例,重建板内固定3例。34例患者中,成功病例27例（79.41%）,良好病例3例（8.82%）,失败病例4例（11.76%）。失败原因均为感染而取出植入骨。结论自体非血管化髂骨移植重建术是下颌骨缺损重建的重要方法之一,内固定的方式有小钛板和重建板。     

骨移植种植体一期植入的研究进展

因肿瘤或外伤造成下颌骨缺损，其外形及功能的一期整复问题一直困扰着人们。近来，用髂骨移植种植体一期植入修复下颌骨缺损，重建面部外形，恢复咀嚼功能等，国内外做了零星报道。但对牙种植体植入移植骨后能否与移植骨发生骨结合、结合时间、影响结合的因素以及移植骨能否改建形成牙力轨道等都未见报道。本文就血管化骨移植及游离骨移植愈合的组织学差异，以及两类骨移植种植体一期植入的现状、优缺点和应用前景做一综述。     

牙种植体—血管化髂骨移植修复下颌骨缺损的临床评价

目的　评价血管化髂骨移植一期植入种植体修复下颌骨缺损的临床效果。方法　采用临床观察、摄X线片 ,并对种植义齿修复后进行咀嚼效率及咬合力测定。结果　种植义齿修复后 ,患者的咀嚼效率可恢复至正常人咀嚼效率的 6 0 7%～ 96 6 % ,说明种植体应用于血管化骨移植修复下颌骨缺损 ,可早期恢复患者的咀嚼功能。结论　种植体应用于血管化骨移植修复下颌骨缺损可早期恢复患者的咀嚼功能     

Effects of the placement of endosseous implants in vascularized bone grafts on bone union in beagle dogs

Recently, reconstructive surgery with revascularized osteocutaneous flaps has been used to restore function in patients with bone defects caused by surgery for oral cancer. However, few basic studies have addressed problems such as the union of bone segments after osteotomy, the effects of dental implant placement on blood flow, and bone formation at the bone:implant interface in grafted bone. Nine adult beagle dogs were divided into three groups of three dogs each. Each group received osteotomized vascularized tibial grafts, osteotomized tibial grafts with implants (implants placed in contralateral limbs as control), or simple (non-vascularized) tibial grafts. The development of bone around the implants was studied by histological examination, contact micro-radiography (CMR), and fluorescent bone labeling. In the dogs receiving osteotomized vascularized tibial grafts, bone bridging was confirmed at both the medial and distal junctions of the bone segments after 4 weeks. Additional newly formed bone was observed after 8 weeks, and bone union at the surface of the segments was completed after 12 weeks. In contrast, bone formation was clearly delayed in dogs receiving simple (non-vascularized) tibial grafts. Histologically, no difference in bone union was evident between limbs with dental implants in tibial bone and control limbs without implants, suggesting that implant placement does not negatively affect revascularization. Fluorescent bone labeling technique confirmed high vascularity of the vascularized tibial bone grafts but not of the simple (non-vascularized) tibial bone grafts early after the procedure. Our results suggest that osseointegration occurred around dental implants placed at the same time as reconstruction with osteotomized vascularized bone grafts in this animal model.     

非血管化髂骨和下颌骨与钛种植体结合的比较研究

目的 :研究非血管化髂骨和下颌骨与钛种植体结合的组织学特点。方法 :12只杂种犬随机分为 6组。切取 15mm× 5mm的下颌骨骨质 ,将骨块移植于对侧下颌骨人工骨缺损区 ,然后切取同样大小的髂骨骨块 ,移植于下颌骨骨缺损区 ,同时植入 2枚钛种植体 ,用种植体固定骨块。术后不同时间点取材 ,组织学观察。结果 :髂骨移植后早期以溶解坏死为主 ,6周时开始重建 ,种植体为混合界面 ;12周时改建基本完成 ,种植体形成骨结合。而下颌骨移植后早期移植骨吸收不明显 ,只是哈佛氏管扩大 ,与种植体界面间未见新骨形成 ;12周时移植骨内出现新生骨 ,骨吸收停止 ,种植体为混合界面 ,界面有不成熟的新生骨沉积 ,新骨与原骨结合不紧。 18周 ,种植体形成骨结合。 2 4周 ,移植的髂骨和下颌骨与骨床均融为一体 ,下颌骨与髂骨相比整体致密。结论 :髂骨与下颌骨移植后的修复过程及它们与钛种植体的骨结合过程不同 ,但均能形成骨性结合。下颌骨与种植体形成骨结合的时间比髂骨长     

功能性颌骨重建61例临床分析

目的:评价采用多种骨瓣进行功能性颌骨重建的临床效果。方法:61例颌骨缺损患者,首先应用多种骨瓣重建颌骨的连续性,然后植入骨结合种植体,利用种植义齿重建患者的咀嚼和发音功能。61例患者中,男39例,女22例,平均年龄48岁(20～61岁)。游离髂骨瓣32例,血管化腓骨瓣21例,单纯牵引成骨重建颌骨7例,其他骨瓣1例。共植入种植体247颗。种植固定义齿修复29例,种植体支持的活动义齿修复32例。结果:种植义齿修复完成后平均追踪49个月(6～114个月),种植体脱落6颗。1例患者在修复完成2年后因肿瘤复发死亡(含4颗种植体,不计入存活种植体)。至最后复查,共237颗种植体仍在行使功能,累计5年存活率为95.95%。结论:应用游离髂骨瓣、血管化腓骨瓣重建颌骨的连续性后,植入骨结合种植体,能够有效地重建患者的咀嚼、发音功能,近期效果满意。     

Maxillary alveolar ridge reconstruction with nonvascularized autogenous block bone: clinical results.

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the clinical success of bone reconstruction of the severely atrophic maxilla using autogenous bone harvested from the anterosuperior edge of iliac wing and to analyze the clinical success and the marginal bone level of dental implants placed 4 to 5 months after bone grafting and before prosthetic rehabilitation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-six patients (18 men, 38 women) aged 27 to 63 years were included in the study and required treatment for maxillary atrophy. All patients selected were scheduled for onlay bone graft and titanium implants in a 2-stage procedure. The dental implants were inserted 4 to 5 months after grafting. RESULTS: No major complications were observed from the donor sites. A total of 129 onlay bone grafts were used to augment 56 severely resorbed maxillas. Three out of 129 bone grafts had to be removed because of early exposure occurring with bone grafts placed to increase the vertical dimension of the alveolar ridge. One hundred sixty-two implants were placed in the area of bone augmentation. Seven implants failed to integrate and were successfully re-placed without any need for additional bone grafting. The clinical measurements for bone resorption around implants revealed a mean bone loss of 0.05 mm (+/- 0.2); the marginal bone level evaluated with periapical radiographies was 0.3 mm (+/- 0.4) at implant placement and 0.1 mm (+/- 0.3) 6 months after placement. CONCLUSION: The success rate of the block grafts was very good. The clinical and radiographic bone observations showed a very low rate of resorption after bone graft and implant placement. Therefore, on the basis of this preliminary study, iliac bone grafts (from the anterosuperior edge of the iliac wing) can be considered a promising treatment for severe maxillary atrophy.     

Rehabilitation with dental implants of oral cancer patients.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the risks and complications of rehabilitation with dental implants after tumour surgery and radiotherapy. After a disease-free survival of 18 months, 29 patients who had undergone oral cancer treatment were rehabilitated with dental implants. The complication rate of implants in irradiated, non-irradiated and grafted bone was analyzed at least 3 years after implant placement. In the healing period, 28.6% of the implants in irradiated bone and 8.4% in non-irradiated bone showed soft tissue complications. Of the implants, 26.7% in the irradiated and 14.7% in the non-irradiated mandibular bone were lost in the first 36 months after placement. Thirty-one point two percent of implants inserted in non-irradiated bone grafts were affected and did not osseointegrate. Of 109 inserted implants, 70 were suitable for prosthetic rehabilitation. There are high complication rates after implant placement in oral cancer patients. Irradiation adversely affects soft tissue healing. Osseointegration is frequently disturbed, especially when implants were placed in non-vascularized bone grafts.