33例肺上沟癌的临床特点及放疗疗效

目的 探讨肺上沟癌的临床特点及放疗疗效和不良反应。方法 回顾性分析33例肺上沟癌住院病人的临床特征和常规放疗的疗效。结果 肺上沟癌占原发性支气管肺癌的2．9％，常见症状为：患侧肩、背和上肢疼痛(78．8％)，后1，2，3肋骨或椎骨破坏(57-6％)，Homer’s综合征(36．7％)；少见的症状为：咳嗽(27％)，咯血(9％)；中位生存期为8．4月；1，3，5年生存率分别为35．6％，12.3％，4．6％；放疗反应可耐受。结论 肺上沟癌相当少见，其临床特征基本符合pancoast综合症，本病预后差，但放疗可缓解疼痛，提高生存质量。     

肺上沟癌的诊断和治疗(附28例分析)

 目的　探讨肺上沟癌的诊断和治疗。方法　对 2 8例肺上沟癌病人进行回顾性分析。结果　 2 8例病人均明确诊断 ,2 1例采用术前放疗联合广泛切除 ,1、3、5年生存率分别为 95 % (2 0 / 2 1)、5 7% (12 /2 1)、2 8% (6 / 2 1)。结论　采用术前放射治疗联合广泛切除 ,疗效满意 ,可作为该病治疗的首先方法。     

肺癌980例放疗与放化疗的疗效分析

为探讨单纯放疗或放化疗对肺癌的疗效 ,对我院 1983年 1月～ 1992年 12月收治经病理证实的 980例肺癌进行分析。照射剂量 60～ 70Gy/6～ 7周 ,其中放疗 777例 ,放疗加化疗 12 8例 ,介入化疗加放疗 5 0例 ,肺上沟癌 2 5例放疗或放化疗。化疗主要方案为CAP、CAF或加VDS、DDP (CBP) Vp 16等。结果 :777例放疗患者 3年生存率为14 2 8% ,5年为 7 2 % ,10年生存率为 3 7% ;临床分期Ⅱ期 5年生存率 11 88% ,Ⅲ期为 7 3 % ,Ⅳ期为 0 ;病理分型 :鳞癌 5年生存率 8 5 6% ,腺癌 3 76% ,小细胞肺癌 4%。男性 5年生存率为 6 7% ,女性 11 94% ;放化疗 12 8例 3年生存率为 14 84% ,5年生存率 6 2 5 % ;介入化疗加放疗 5年生存率为 6 0 % ;肺上沟癌单纯手术 5年生存率 0 ,单纯放疗为 13 % ,放疗加化疗为 3 0 %。初步结果认为 ,正确的TNM分期对治疗方案的选择和预后是重要的影响因素 ,应综合治疗以提高远期生存率     

肺上沟瘤的单纯放射治疗

目的:探讨单纯放射治疗对不能手术的肺上沟瘤的作用.方法:回顾性分析1983年1月～2002年12月在本院治疗的47例肺上沟瘤患者.Ⅱb期13例,Ⅲb期25例,Ⅳ期9例.全组患者均接受放射治疗,放疗剂量为DT14Gy～99Gy,中位剂量70Gy,其中8例＜50Gy,39例≥50Gy.结果:放疗后26例(55.3%)肿瘤缩小.疼痛缓解率为81.8%,疼痛缓解中位时间为5个月(2～23个月).全组患者的中位生存时间(MST)为8个月,1、2、3、5年总生存率分别为24.7%、7.7%、3.8%和0.Ⅱb期、Ⅲb期和Ⅳ期患者的MST分别为12个月、8个月和5个月(P=0.552).38例临床Ⅱb和Ⅲb期患者,放疗后肿瘤无变化和肿瘤缩小者的中位生存时间为6个月和11个月(P=0.0003).放疗后疼痛消失、缓解和无效患者的中位生存时间分别为16个月、9个月和7个月(P=0.016).放疗剂量＜50Gy和≥50Gy患者的中位生存时间分别为3个月和9个月(P=0.008 5).结论:对不能手术的肺上沟瘤患者,放疗能缓解疼痛.放疗剂量≥50Gy、局部肿瘤缩小和疼痛缓解患者的总生存率有显著提高.     

NFP方案对晚期食管癌39例近期疗效观察

食管癌是消化道常见肿瘤。我科自2 0 0 0年9月至2 0 0 3年4月共对39例晚期食管癌患者行NFP方案化疗,取得了较好的疗效。现将结果报告如下。1　资料与方法1 1临床资料　39例均系晚期食管癌,无根治性放疗和手术指征。男性2 4例,女性15例。中位年龄5 6岁(2 8～6 9岁) ,均为鳞状细胞癌。食管上段癌6例,中段癌2 0例,下段癌13例。病变长度3 1～5cm 4例,5 1～7cm 2 0例,7 1～10cm 7例。术后复发8例,放疗后复发6例,远处淋巴结转移10例,肝转移6例,肺转移2例;局限性食管病变有上腔静脉压迫症状12例,气管压迫症状3例。39例中有2例是FP方案无效后改用…     

全肺放疗治疗双肺多发转移癌24例临床分析

目的探讨全肺放疗治疗肺转移癌的价值。方法1999年3月至2003年5月，我院肿瘤科收治24例双肺多发转移癌病人，均给予全肺放疗。并对临床资料进行总结分析。结果放疗结束时转移癌CR为37．5％(9／24)，PR为50．0％(12／24)，有效率(PR CR)达87．5％。原发肿瘤为鼻咽癌、乳腺癌、肝癌、结直肠癌的中位生存期分别为13．5、22．0、10．5、8．5个月。1-2级放射性肺炎发生率为25．0%(6／24)，3级为8．3％(2／24)；4-5级为0。结论恶性肿瘤肺多发转移可以采用全肺放疗 局部小野补量治疗，尤其适用于原发肿瘤对放疗中高度敏感、化疗无效的病人，可获得较好疗效。毒副作用可耐受。     

放疗加热疗治疗中晚期食管癌的前瞻性临床研究

为观察 12 8例Ⅱ期以上食管癌放疗合并热疗的近期和远期临床疗效 ,将 12 8例Ⅱ期以上食管癌随机分为两组。外照射放疗合并热疗为热放疗组 (R +H组 ) ,单纯外照射为放疗组 (RT组 )。放疗采用常规放疗 ,热疗每周采用 2次 ,共 4～ 6次 ,全部病例均随访 5年以上。结果为 :1)近期疗效 :R +H组有效率分别为CR 5 4 7% ( 3 5 64 )、PR 2 9 7% ( 19 64 ) ;RT组有效率分别为CR 3 2 8% ( 2 1 64 )、PR 18 7% ( 12 64 ) ,两者比较前者明显升高 ,P <0 0 5。 2 )R +H组 1、3、5年生存率分别为78 1% ( 5 0 64 )、42 2 % ( 2 7 64 )和 3 1 2 % ( 2 0 64 ) ,RT组 1、3、5年生存率分别为 5 9 4% ( 3 8 64 )、2 5 % ( 16 64 )和 15 6%( 10 64 ) ,两组比较热放组明显升高 ,P <0 0 5。初步研究结果提示 ,食管癌放疗同时联合热疗有放射疗效增强作用     

头颈部腺样囊性癌血行转移的临床研究

目的 :观察头颈部腺样囊性癌远处转移情况、影响因素以及其对生存的影响。方法 :回顾性分析 5 1例头颈部腺样囊性癌的临床资料。结果 :远处转移率为 4 1 2 % (2 1 5 1) ;单部位和多部位远处转移分别占 71 4 % (15 2 1)和 2 8 6% (6 2 1) ;肺、骨、肝和脑的转移依次占 81 0 % (17 2 1)、2 3 8% (5 2 1)、14 3% (3 2 1)和 9 5 % (2 2 1)。远处转移的平均发生时间在首次治疗后 5 36年。远处转移组和未远处转移组的生存期、10年生存率分别为 9 81年和 14 31年 ,5 3 8%和 4 1 0 %。远处转移后平均生存期为 2 5 5年 ,2年生存率为 4 7 8%。单纯肺转移组与肺外转移组Log rank检验生存差异有显著性 (P =0 0 32 ) ,其平均生存期、2年生存率分别为 3 4 8年和 1 4 9年 ,72 7%和 2 0 0 %。分析结果还表明 ,远处转移率与患者的性别、年龄、病程长短以及侵犯解剖部位多少无关 ,但与首次手术是否规范 (P =0 0 2 5 )、术后综合治疗是否规范 (是否术后辅以放疗 ) (P =0 0 4 5 )以及是否局部复发 (P =0 0 4 3)相关。结论 :头颈部腺样囊性癌生存期长 ,远处转移率高 ,远处转移出现的时间较晚 ,出现远处转移后患者仍可长期生存。通过根治性手术加术后放疗可能能够降低远处转移率     

端粒酶逆转录酶、P53、PCNA在非小细胞肺癌的表达及意义

目的　探讨端粒酶逆转录酶、P5 3、PCNA在非小细胞肺癌组织及癌旁正常组织中的表达及其关系。方法　取自手术切除及肺穿刺经病理证实为肺癌组织标本 6 0例 ,采用免疫组化法检测人端粒酶逆录酶、P5 3、PCNA的表达 ,并取癌旁肺组织 10例作对照。结果　肺癌组织中端粒酶逆转录酶、P5 3、阳性率分别为78 3% ( 4 7/6 0 )和 5 3 3% ( 32 /6 0 ) ,PCNA的指数为 5 8 6 3± 10 6 1。癌旁组织依次为 0 % ( 0 /10 ) ,10 % ( 1/10 )和30 3± 7 3,(P <0 0 1) ;在鳞癌中的表达依次为 72 7% ,5 1 5 % ,5 7 78± 10 6 8;在腺癌中的表达依次为88 2 % ,5 2 9% ,5 9 18± 11 4 7;在腺鳞癌中依次为 80 % ,6 0 % ,6 1 2± 10 6 7,(P >0 0 5 )。临床分期的关系为 :Ⅰ期依次为 71% ,35 5 % ,5 5 74± 10 71;Ⅱ期为 87 5 % ,70 8% ,5 9 79± 9 14 ;Ⅲ期为 80 4 % ,80 1% ,71 6±7 31 (P <0 0 1)。在淋巴结转移阳性病例中表达为 89 7% ,6 0 9% ,6 1 72± 9 74 ;在淋巴结转移阴性病例中为 6 7 7% ,38 7% ,5 5 74± 10 71,(P =0 0 2 8) ;病理分化较高组织中的表达为 70 4 % ,2 9 6 % ,5 5 6 3± 9 72 ,分化中等的为 84 2 % ,6 8 4 % ,5 8 2 6± 10 2 6 ,分化较低的组织中为 85 7% ,78 6 % ,6 4 93± 10 7     

艾本治疗骨转移癌疼痛的临床疗效

目的　探讨艾本 (伊班膦酸钠 )治疗骨转移癌疼痛的临床疗效。方法　艾本 2～ 4mg溶于 5 0 0ml生理盐水中缓慢静脉滴注 (至少 4h)每月 1次 ,连续用 3次 ,于 3周期结束时评价疗效。结果　骨痛完全缓解 6 0 % ( 18/ 30 ) ,部分缓解 2 6 7% ( 8/ 30 ) ,总有效率为 86 7% ( 2 6 / 30 ) ;骨转移病灶完全缓解 13 3 % ( 4/30 ) ,部分缓解 5 0 % ( 15 / 30 ) ,总有效率为 6 3 3% ( 19/ 30 ) ;生活能力显效 2 6 7% ( 8/ 30 ) ,有效 43 3 % ( 13/30 ) ,总有效率 70 % ( 2 1/ 30 )。副作用为暂时性发热。结论　艾本治疗骨转移癌疼痛 ,止痛效果确切 ,而且骨转移灶明显受到控制 ,活动能力明显改善 ,副作用小 ,值得推广。     

Estimation of an optimal radiotherapy utilization rate for breast carcinoma: a review of the evidence

BACKGROUND: Radiotherapy utilization rates for breast carcinoma vary widely, both within and between countries. Current estimates of the proportion of patients with carcinoma who optimally should receive radiotherapy are based either on expert opinion or on the measurement of actual utilization rates, and not on the best scientific evidence. METHODS: To develop an evidence-based benchmark for radiotherapy utilization in patients with breast carcinoma, the authors undertook a systematic review of treatment guidelines on the use of radiotherapy for breast carcinoma. A decision tree was constructed, and the proportions of patients with clinical features that lead to a decision for radiotherapy were obtained from epidemiological data. This ideal utilization rate was compared with the utilization rates of radiotherapy over the last decade for breast carcinoma in Australia and internationally. RESULTS: The proportion of patients with breast carcinoma in whom radiotherapy would be recommended according to the best available evidence was calculated at 83% (95% confidence interval, 82-85%) of all patients with breast carcinoma. A review of actual radiotherapy utilization rates for breast carcinoma revealed that, in clinical practice, actual utilization rates varied between 24% and 71%. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial difference was found between the recommended optimal utilization of radiotherapy based on evidence and the actual rates reported in clinical practice. The reasons for these differences need to be examined, and a plan for addressing the suboptimal use of radiotherapy needs to be implemented. Cancer 2003.     

Estimation of an optimal radiotherapy utilization rate for gastrointestinal carcinoma: a review of the evidence

BACKGROUND: Radiotherapy utilization rates for cancer vary widely, both within and between countries. The optimal proportion of patients with gastrointestinal malignancies who should receive at least one course of radiotherapy at some time during their illness is an important benchmark. METHODS: The authors studied treatment guidelines and treatment reviews to identify the indications for radiotherapy for patients with gastrointestinal malignancies. Optimal radiotherapy utilization trees were constructed to show the clinical attributes of patients with gastrointestinal carcinomas who will benefit from radiotherapy. Epidemiologic incidence data for each of these clinical attributes were obtained to calculate the optimal proportion of all patients with gastrointestinal malignancies for whom radiotherapy was considered appropriate. Optimal rates of radiotherapy use were compared with actual rates in population-based studies to assess any discrepancies between actual and optimal radiotherapy utilization rates. RESULTS: Radiotherapy was indicated in 80% of patients with esophageal carcinoma, 68% of patients with gastric carcinoma, 57% of patients with pancreatic carcinoma, 13% of patients with carcinoma of the gallbladder, 0% of patients with hepatic carcinoma, 14% of patients with colon carcinoma, and 61% of patients with rectal carcinoma. The actual radiotherapy utilization rates for most of these gastrointestinal malignancies fell well short of optimal rates, which were derived from evidence-based treatment guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to model optimal radiotherapy utilization using published treatment guidelines and existing incidence data. There was a discrepancy between the optimal and actual rates of radiotherapy utilization for patients with carcinomas of the esophagus, stomach, pancreas, and rectum. Strategies to implement evidence-based clinical guidelines are recommended.     

适形放射治疗联合热疗治疗晚期胰腺癌的疗效及临床受益反应观察

为了评价适形放疗联合热疗治疗晚期胰腺癌的疗效及临床受益反应,对34例胰腺癌患者给予适形放疗,2Gy/次,5次/周,总剂量50-70 Gy;热疗2次/周,每次60-90 min,共计6次。结果82.4%患者胸背部疼痛明显缓解,临床受益反应有效率91.2%;放疗后2个月复查CT,肿瘤缩小〉25%者76.5%;1、2年生存率分别为38.2%和20.6%。初步研究结果提示,适形放射治疗联合热疗治疗晚期胰腺癌,疗效较好,并发症少,可显著提高患者生活质量,是不能手术患者较好的治疗方式。     

食管腺鳞癌22例临床分析

目的 总结食管腺鳞癌的临床特点、诊断、治疗和预后.方法 回顾性分析经病理确诊和治疗的22例食管腺鳞癌患者临床资料,应用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析.结果 22例食管腺鳞癌患者的临床症状、影像学表现和内窥镜下所见与食管鳞状细胞癌(鳞癌)相似.19例患者术前内窥镜活检误诊为鳞癌.单纯手术治疗16例,手术+术后放疗3例,单纯放疗、序贯化放疗和同期化放疗各1例.本组总的1、3、5年生存率分别为67.6%、33.8%和18.1%,中位生存时间为24.5个月.结论 食管腺鳞癌少见,易误诊,宜采用以手术为主的综合治疗,预后评价不一.     

Radiotherapy for palliation of symptoms in incurable cancer

Approximately one half of prescribed radiotherapy is given for palliation of symptoms due to incurable cancer. Distressing symptoms including pain, bleeding, and obstruction can often be relieved with minimal toxic effects.Painful osseous metastasis is common in oncologic practice. Ninety percent of patients with symptomatic bone metastases obtain some pain relief with a lowdose, brief course of palliative radiotherapy. One half of the responding patients may experience complete pain relief. A single dose of 800 cGy in the setting of painful bone metastasis may provide pain control comparable to more protracted treatment at a higher dose of radiation. Patients with lytic disease in weight-bearing bones, particularly in the presence of cortical destruction, should be considered for prophylactic surgical stabilization of their condition. Routinely a brief, fractionated course of radiotherapy is given postoperatively.Pain due to multiple bone metastases uncontrolled by analgesics can be managed with single doses of half-body irradiation. Doses of 600 cGy delivered to the upper half-body (above the umbilicus to the middle of the femur) will provide some pain relief in 73% of patients. Half-body techniques have been investigated as prophylactic treatment, as a complement to localfield irradiation, and as fractionated rather than singledose therapy. Although intravenous administration of strontium 89 has been associated with myelosuppression, this treatment has been shown (a) to relieve pain due to bone metastasis and (b) to delay development of new painful sites.Recent data from phase III trials demonstrated that bisphosphonates have a role in reducing skeletal morbidity due to bone metastasis. Bone pain was reduced, and the incidence of pathologic fracture and the need for future radiotherapy were decreased.Radiotherapy relieves clinical symptoms in 70% to 90% of patients with brain metastases. Brief treatment schedules (e.g., 2000 cGy in five fractions over 1 week) are as effective as more prolonged therapy. Patients with solitary brain metastasis and no extracranial disease or controlled extracranial disease should be considered for surgical resection, because phase III data indicate enhanced survival with such an approach. Whole-brain radiotherapy is routinely administered postoperatively. A phase III study is examining the impact of accelerated fractionated doses of radiotherapy (two treatments per day) on survival of patients with brain metastases.Stereotaxic radiosurgical treatment is becoming increasingly available and permits delivery of radiation to metastatic intracranial tumor with minimal exposure of normal surrounding brain. This treatment is most commonly used at the time of a solitary recurrence of disease in patients who previously received whole-brain radiotherapy. A role for this modality in newly diagnosed brain metastases remains to be defined.Chest symptoms are common in patients with locally advanced lung cancer and are effectively palliated with one 1000 cGy or two 850 cGy one fraction doses of radiation to the thoracic inlet and mediastinum. Chest pain and hemoptysis are more effectively palliated than cough and dyspnea. In patients with stage III cancer there is no compelling evidence that radiotherapy confers a survival advantage, and it may be reasonable to administer thoracic radiotherapy only when the patient has significant symptoms and the goal is to achieve control of these symptoms.Approximately 75% of the cases of superior vena cava syndrome are due to lung cancer, and small-cell lung cancer is the most common histologic type. A histologic diagnosis should be obtained before treatment is started, because detection of lymphoma or small-cell carcinoma would necessitate systemic therapy. Eighty percent of the patients with superior vena cava syndrome due to malignant disease achieve symptom relief with a brief, fractionated, palliative course of radiotherapy to the thoracic inlet and mediastinum.Spinal cord compression requires emergency radiotherapy. This condition must be diagnosed and treated early to prevent irreversible neurologic injury. Central back pain usually precedes neurologic deficit, which can evolve to paraplegia within hours or days. Magnetic resonance imaging gives the most complete information when symptoms suggest spinal cord compression. The best predictor of neurologic outcome is pretreatment neurologic status. There are no data to demonstrate a difference in neurologic outcome when spinal cord compression is managed with radiotherapy alone or with laminectomy followed by radiotherapy. In specific clinical situations, initial surgical treatment is preferred to radiotherapy.Abdominal pain secondary to hepatic distention from metastatic disease is relieved by radiotherapy to the whole liver in 75% to 90% of patients. One half of the patients may obtain complete pain relief. Doses of 2000 to 3000 cGy in 200 to 300 cGy fractions are used.Metastases to the eye are the most common malignant intraocular tumors. Palliative radiotherapy is effective in relieving visual symptoms produced by uveal metastases or at least in preventing further deterioration. In symptomatic adrenal metastasis, radiotherapy appears to be effective in palliating pain, with minimal morbidity, in the majority of patients.Recurrent gynecologic and colorectal cancers can cause severe pelvic symptoms including pain, bleeding, and discharge. Brief courses of pelvic radiotherapy, including a single dose of 1000 cGy, have been shown to control these symptoms, with minimal morbidity, for a substantial proportion of the remaining survival time. In ovarian cancer, radiotherapy is effective in control of pain, bleeding, and discharge, despite resistance of the disease to cisplatin-based chemotherapy.     

A cancer family syndrome in twenty-four kindreds

A search of the Cancer Family Registry of the National Cancer Institute revealed 24 kindreds with the syndrome of sarcoma, breast carcinoma, and other neoplasms in young patients. Cancer developed in an autosomal dominant pattern in 151 blood relatives, 119 (79%) of whom were affected before 45 years of age. These young patients had a total of 50 bone and soft tissue sarcomas of diverse histological subtypes and 28 breast cancers. Additional features of the syndrome included an excess of brain tumors (14 cases), leukemia (9 cases), and adrenocortical carcinoma (4 cases) before age 45 years. These neoplasms also accounted for 73% of the multiple primary cancers occurring in 15 family members. Six of these patients had second cancers linked to radiotherapy. The diversity of tumor types in this syndrome suggests pathogenetic mechanisms which differ from hereditary cancers arising in single organs or tissues. The syndrome is presently diagnosed on clinical grounds; laboratory markers are needed to identify high-risk individuals and families and to provide insights into susceptibility mechanisms that may be shared by a wide variety of cancers.     

不能手术肾癌及肾盂输尿管癌放疗效果分析

目的 回顾性分析不能手术治疗的肾癌及肾盂输尿管癌放疗结果。方法 2006—2015年间 29例无法行肾癌及肾盂输尿管癌手术患者实行了放疗,其中男 18例、女 11例,年龄 41~95岁(中位数 76岁);肾癌 17例,肾盂输尿管癌 12例;临床血尿 14例,腰背痛 7例。采用剂量递增放疗模式,其中伽马刀治疗 17例、HT治疗 12例。伽马刀50%等剂量线为处方剂量线,3~5 Gy/次,PTV边缘 40~50 Gy,GTV边缘 60~70 Gy。HT 50、60、70 Gy分 15~20次。结果 原发灶CR率为17%(5/29)、PR率为69%(20/29),总有效率(CR+PR)为86%。血尿消失93%,腰背痛消失100%。3、5年样本量分别为15、11例,肾癌和肾盂输尿管癌3、5年生存率分别为81%、81%和69%、69%。治疗期间1、2级消化系统反应 25例,1、2级骨髓抑制 20例,给予药物对症治疗后好转。结论 肾癌和肾盂输尿管癌伽马刀和HT安全有效切可提高LC和OS率,为不能手术肾癌和肾盂输尿管癌患者提供了有效治疗手段。     

磁共振弥散加权成像对鼻咽癌放疗后颈部淋巴结复发早期诊疗的临床价值

目的 探讨磁共振弥散加权成像(MR-DWI)对鼻咽癌放疗后颈部淋巴结复发的早期诊断价值,为此类患者行针对性诊疗提供依据。方法 回顾分析2005-2016年间放疗后17例颈部淋巴结复发患者MR-DWI特点,总结淋巴结复发后诊疗结果。结果 17例患者复发淋巴结MR-DWI均呈高信号或高低不等混杂信号,其敏感性为100%,而T2压脂序列的敏感性为60%。对高度怀疑单颈部单区复发患者行PET-CT或穿刺活检协助诊断,早期手术治疗具有更好的预后。结论 MR-DWI对鼻咽癌放疗后复发颈部淋巴结的敏感性极高,尤其是易被忽视的5~10mm淋巴结,对该类单颈部单发患者行PET-CT检查,通过多模态影像学诊断证实其性质,及时手术对提高颈部淋巴结复发患者的治疗效果及生活质量有重要临床意义。     

术中术后放化疗在中晚期胰头癌治疗中的应用

背景与目的：中晚期胰头癌手术切除率低,综合治疗是延长患者生命的手段。本研究旨在探讨术中术后放化疗对中晚期胰头癌的治疗作用,以提高中晚期胰头癌的姑息治疗效果。方法：对27例中晚期胰头癌患者外科施行胆肠吻合术,手术中在放疗科行直线加速器肿瘤区直接照射,同时手术中经胃十二指肠动脉置入埋入式化疗泵,手术后行肿瘤区灌注化疗。随访3—29个月,用直接法计算患者生存率。结果：全疗程结束后肿块均有不同程度缩小,肿瘤直径由术前的平均4．8cm缩小至2．7cm。疼痛缓解率为100％。仍生存者22例,死亡5例,6个月生存率为100％,12个月生存率93．7％,24个月生存率20％,死亡的5例患者平均生存期为17．9个月。结论：内引流加术中放疗和灌注化疗是对中晚期胰头癌患者治疗的可行方法。     

355例恶性肿瘤骨转移的临床分析

目的 分析恶性肿瘤骨转移的临床特征,提高肿瘤骨转移的诊治水平.方法 对355例恶性肿瘤骨转移患者的发病特点、临床特征及生存期等进行回顾性分析.结果 恶性肿瘤骨转移男性多见,原发肿瘤以肺癌(44.5%)、乳腺癌(11.0%)多见.转移部位以胸椎(51.0%)、肋骨(43.1%)、腰椎(42.3%)、骨盆(26.8%)等多见.骨转移灶多发常见(83.4%).75.2%的患者表现为不同程度的疼痛,少数以局部肿块、功能障碍、病理性骨折甚至截瘫为主要临床表现,78例(22.0%)患者无症状.影像学表现以溶骨性破坏为主(82.2%).采用化疗、内分泌治疗、生物治疗、放疗、姑息性手术、双膦酸盐类药物及止痛等综合治疗.骨痛治疗临床获益率为98.5%,影像学有效率为72.2%.中位生存期为13.9个月,其中前列腺癌骨转移为34.9个月,肝癌骨转移为4.6个月.未合并其他部位或脏器转移者生存期长,中位生存期可达14.7个月,骨转移灶单发与多发者生存期无明显差异.结论 恶性肿瘤骨转移应争取早期诊断,其治疗应以提高患者生存质量、延长生存期为目标,以姑息治疗为主,采取综合治疗.