一种丹参新伪品的真伪鉴别

目的：对丹参伪品作定性鉴别,并与正品丹参作比较鉴别。方法：采用性状,显微,薄层色谱及紫外吸收光谱等鉴别方法。结果：丹参伪品为菊科植物牛蒡的根。其表皮黑褐色;含多数菊糖和淀粉粒;薄层色谱显示无丹参所含成分的斑点,紫外吸收光谱显示其在334nm处有一平坦峰,而正品丹参则在419nm处有最大吸收。结论：本实验提供的鉴别方法,能客观准确地把牛蒡根和丹参加以区别。     

清消冲剂的薄层鉴别定性研究

目的 建立清消冲剂的定性鉴别标准。方法 采用薄层色谱法对处方中的黄柏、蒲公英、丹参、虎杖进行了定性鉴别。结果 在TLC色谱中均能检出黄柏、蒲公英、丹参、虎杖。结论 本方法操作简单、灵敏、准确，可作为该制剂质控定性标准依据。     

中药饮片丹参的质量考察

目的：考察流通市场中药饮片丹参的质量。方法：通过薄层色谱法、紫外分光光度法、高效液相色谱分析法考察丹参不同品种、不同制品饮片的质量。结果：丹参饮片不同品种、不同制品紫外吸收均在（204±2）nm波长处有最大吸收;薄层色谱分析全部样品在Rf值0．25处有橘黄色斑点,在Rf值0．80处有橘红色斑点,栽培丹参、白花丹参在Rf值0．91处各有橘黄色斑点;高效液相含量测定丹参样品⑥、⑦含丹参酮ⅡA〉中国药典规定的0．20％,其他样品均〈0．20％。丹酚酸B的含量均符合中国药典规定。结论：本方法可用于丹参、酒制丹参的质量控制;只有栽培丹参、白花丹参丹参酮ⅡA的含量符合中国药典项下规定,其他样品均不符合规定,其原因是栽培时间短（1年）所致。为了保证丹参的药品质量,栽培时间以2年以上为宜。     

丹参的现代药理研究及临床应用

<正>丹参及其制剂具有活血化淤、通脉养心、凉血消痈、除烦安神等功效。近20多年来,其各种制剂和剂型已经应用于临床。希望对丹参药理研究的阐述,加大对丹参的研究和开发应用,提高这传统中药的应用价值,造福于人类健康。     

中药材丹参的鉴别

我国丹参植物资源丰富,分布范围遍及全国,但其中混用作丹参使用的同属药材质量参差不齐,所以对丹参资源的鉴别、分类十分重要。本文从植物形态学、植物解剖学、薄层色谱以及紫外吸收光谱等多种现代学方法对丹参进行鉴别,保证丹参的使用能够更加规范和有序。     

丹参的实验药理研究进展

丹参为唇形科鼠尾草属植物的干燥根部,是临床最常用活血化癖中药之一,其有效成分有脂溶性和水溶性两大类,其脂溶性成分主要为丹参酮II-A、隐丹参酮、丹参酮I等,具有抗菌消炎,细胞保护与耐缺氧,抑制血小板聚集,改善冠状动脉供血等活性。其水溶性成分主要为丹参素和原儿茶醛等,具有抗自由基与抗脂质过氧化,降血脂以及扩张冠脉,抑制血小板聚集,抗血检形成,抗肝纤维化等作用。丹参药代动力学是当前医药界的热点与重点研究领域,也是中药现代化的重要研究课题。现在大最实验与临床研究证明丹参及提取物药理作用众多,临床上广泛应用于心脑血管疾病、肝肾疾病、疮疡肿毒等的治疗,现将近几年对丹参的实验药理研究综述如下。     

聚酰胺薄膜层析法在复方丹参制剂中的应用

用聚酰胺薄膜层析法鉴别复方丹参制剂中的丹参药材。     

染色续断伪充丹参的鉴别

丹参为常用中药，来源于唇形科植物丹参Sa－lviamiltirrhizaBge．的干燥根及根茎。近年来，临床用量逐渐增大，价格不断上涨，笔者在某药材市场上发现一种伪制饮片。经鉴定，为川续断科植物川续断DipsacusasperoidesC．Y．ChengetT．M．Al的根及根茎染色后的切片。丹参具有祛瘀止痛，活血调经，养心除烦之功效，而续断则具补肾，强筋骨，续折伤，止崩漏之效，两者性味功效完全不同。为了保证临床用药的准确、安全、有效，笔者对它们进行了比较鉴别。现将结果介绍如下。1饮片性状特征丹参类圆形的厚片，周边外皮暗棕色，切面皮部暗红棕色…     

一种人工造假丹参的鉴别

目的：介绍了一种丹参的伪品——人工制伪丹参。方法：采用性状鉴别、显微鉴别和薄层色谱鉴别。结果：定性该丹参混充品是不知名的植物根茎，涂制了一种工业化工原料“铁红粉”进行制伪。讨论：近年丹参市场供应紧张，丹参制伪采虚而人，药检等有关部门应注意该药鉴伪工作。     

薄层色谱鉴别丹参五味子片的效果

目的研究分析薄层色谱鉴别丹参五味子片的效果。方法使用薄层色谱法鉴别丹参五味子片中的丹参以及五味子。结果图谱斑点清晰、图谱分离度好,阴性对照不存在干扰。结论薄层色谱方法非常的有效,同时其简便性以及快速性,同时还存在重现性好的特征.可用于丹参五味子片制剂的质量控制。     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.