选择性杀癌细胞物:TRAIL/Apo-2L

研究发现了一种能选择性诱导癌细胞发生自杀的蛋白-TRAIL,肿瘤细胞对它比正常细胞敏感得多,且其作用独立于P53。关于其选择性杀伤作用机制的研究,近期取得了突破性进展。现将其蛋白、基因及其受体的结构、分布及作用机制进行综述。     

皂角刺抗肿瘤作用研究新进展

中药皂角刺的抗肿瘤作用近年来日益引起广泛关注,其作用机制呈现多层次、多部位和多靶点的特点,已被列为抗癌中草药之一。本文从其抗肿瘤作用的有效成分、作用机制等方面综述了国内外最新的研究进展。     

酸性成纤维细胞生长因子修复组织损伤的研究进展

酸性成纤维细胞生长因子(aFGF)于20世纪末就被证实对组织损伤有修复作用,对其结构特点和临床应用的研究在近年取得一定的进展。本文从aFGF的结构特点出发,归纳了其在促进皮肤及黏膜组织创伤愈合作用的相关研究结果,分别阐述了aFGF对皮肤及黏膜组织、烧伤创面、血管损伤、神经组织损伤的修复作用以及减少瘢痕形成的作用,介绍了其作用机制、临床效果及相对于碱性成纤维细胞生长因子的异同。并提出今后对aFGF的研究应聚焦于探索合理的给药方式及时机两方面。     

自杀基因治疗与免疫调节研究进展

在肿瘤基因治疗中,自杀基因的作用十分引人注目,尤其是其旁杀伤效应的存在大大增强了其治疗作用。近年来的研究发现,自杀基因的作用与机体免疫功能有密切关系,正常免疫功能的机体可增强旁杀伤效应,而自杀基因的作用又可刺激免疫功能的发挥,自杀基因治疗与免疫治疗有协同作用。     

侧脑室注射微量吗啡和纳洛酮对小鼠记忆保持的影响

有资料报道,内源性阿片肽对动物的高级神经活动如学习、记忆等有明显的调制作用,但共作用机制尚不清楚。对此进一步研究其作用结果和机制无疑是有意义的。本实验观察了从侧脑室注射微量吗啡和纳洛酮对小白鼠记忆保持作用的影响,并进一步探讨其作用机制。     

HLA分型方法的研究进展

通过对人类白细胞抗原(human leucocyte antigen,HLA)结构和功能的研究,有助于认识其在免疫学、人类学等领域中的作用,揭示其在疾病发生、发展中的作用机理,而对HLA分型研究却是认识其作用的关键一步。随着PCR技术的广泛应用,HLA基因分型方法得到了迅速的发展。本文对HLA基因分型技术的进展情况进行综述。     

Kalirin-7在缺血性脑卒中中的作用

缺血性脑卒中是由多种因素共同引起的致残致死疾病,其发病机制涉及信号转导通路、兴奋性谷氨酸受体活化、NO作用等。Kalirin是Rho蛋白家族中小GTP酶的一种神经特异的鸟嘌呤核苷酸转化因子,kalirin-7是成熟大脑中最丰富的kalirin同种型,对树突棘的维持等方面具有重要作用。多研究显示,kalirin-7在缺血性脑卒中也起一定作用,此分子对神经元具有保护作用,在缺血性脑卒中中其含量的减少加重了神经元的损伤。其机制可能包括:与PSD-95结合而改变了JNK信号传导通路,与NMDA受体亚单位结合减少以至兴奋性谷氨酸作用增强,以及对iNOS的抑制减少。     

乌司他丁对急性胰腺炎患者IL-10、TNF-α的影响

急性胰腺炎（acute pancreatitis,AP）是临床常见的急腹症,其发病率在近年有增多趋势,由于其发病机制复杂、病死率高,一直受到学者的高度关注。近年来研究认为,IL-10、TNF—α等细胞因子在AP的发病机制中发挥了重要的作用。乌司他丁（ulinasgn,UTI）是一种尿中提取的糖蛋白,能抑制多种酶的活性,据报道其对AP有一定的治疗作用,但其作用机制目前仍不十分清楚。     

趋化性细胞因子与巨核系造血调控的研究进展

趋化性细胞因子是近年研究的一个热点 ,其对巨核系造血起着正向和负向调控作用 ,具有很好的临床应用前景。本文就趋化性细胞因子及其受体与巨核系造血调控的作用进行了综述。     

干扰素-λ与支气管哮喘

干扰素-λ(IFN-λ)是干扰素家族的新成员,具有广泛的生物学作用,近几年研究发现,其可能对支气管哮喘也有一定的治疗作用。本文整理归纳了IFN-λ与治疗哮喘相关的生物学作用,并分析了其治疗哮喘的潜在应用价值,以期为哮喘新药的开发寻求更多理论依据。     

局部注射辛伐他汀对骨质疏松大鼠股骨髁骨小梁的改建效应

背景：局部注射具有成骨作用的辛伐他汀,可显著增加骨质疏松大鼠股骨颈及股骨髁部的骨密度及力学强度,分析局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。 目的：进一步研究骨质疏松大鼠股骨内局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。为将辛伐他汀应用于临床骨质疏松局部治疗提供实验基础。 方法：18只雌性SD大鼠双侧卵巢切除后3个月,制备大鼠骨质疏松模型。实验大鼠随机数字表法均分为3组,分别在实验大鼠的右侧股骨髓腔内单次注射辛伐他汀溶液5 mg、10 mg,对照组单纯注射空白载体。分别在注射后1个月处死大鼠并取材。Micro-CT扫描并定量分析骨组织形态变化。 结果与结论：给药后1个月,Micro-CT扫描结果显示,辛伐他汀治疗组的骨微结构参数如骨皮质厚度、骨小梁密度及连接率明显优于对照组。说明疏松骨骼单次注射小剂量辛伐他汀可显著促进股骨髁部骨小梁改建,改善骨骼微结构,可为强化局部、防治骨质疏松骨折的新选择进一步提供实验基础。     

Anatomical study of distribution of valves of the cutaneous veins of adult''s limbs

Since the cutaneous veins of the four limbs have been used as autogenous grafts in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, knowledge of distribution of the valves is increasingly required depending upon the use. In the gross anatomical study of distribution of valves of the trunci venae, there has been argument about locational relationships between the venous roots and the valves in the vicinity of the roots and the inter-valvular distance. However, there have been only few reports discussing detailed information about valves of the cutaneous veins of the four limbs. The authors observed patterns of distribution of the cutaneous venous valves of the four limbs of cadavers prepared for practice in anatomy. The following parts were excised from each cadaver: the cephalic, basilic, and the great saphenous veins, which originate from the acral venous network and flow into the proximal deep veins, and the venous roots communicating with these veins. An incision was made on each excised vein in the direction of the long axis under observation with a stereoscopic microscope, and the inter-valvular distance and the distance between the valve and the orifice of venous root in the vicinity of the valve were measured. The inter-valvular distance varied with type of the truncus venae, and it varied according to area even in the same truncus venae.     

石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究

中药石斛早在《神农本草经》中就被列为上品,其应用历史悠久,具有养阴生津、补肾益气、润喉护嗓、活血明目、抗癌防老等功效。本文对国内外石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究进行了综述。     

SENP3对大鼠成骨细胞端粒酶活性及端粒长度的影响

目的:研究sentrin特异性蛋白酶3(SENP3)对大鼠成骨细胞端粒酶活性及端粒长度的影响。方法:首先0.2 mmol/L H_2O_2处理体外培养的大鼠成骨细胞后,Western blotting法检测SENP3及特异性蛋白1(Sp1)的表达。pc DNA3.0-SENP3转染成骨细胞,分别于24 h、48 h、72 h后采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法检测细胞活力的变化。转染48 h后,Western blotting法检测Sp1和端粒酶逆转录酶(TERT)的表达,PCR-TRAP法及PCR法检测端粒酶活性及端粒长度;ELISA检测上清中碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和骨桥蛋白(OPN)的含量;放射免疫法(RIA)检测骨钙蛋白(OCN)的含量。最后将pc DNA3.0-SENP3与siRNA-Sp1共转染成骨细胞,并检测以上指标。结果:H_2O_2处理成骨细胞后,SENP3和Sp1的表达显著上升。pc DNA3.0-SENP3转染成骨细胞后,Sp1和TERT的表达显著上升,细胞活力、ALP、OPN及OCN含量也都显著上升;端粒酶活性显著增加及端粒长度缩短显著延缓。而当pc DNA3.0-SENP3与siRNA-Sp1共转染成骨细胞后,细胞活力,ALP、OPN及OCN含量,端粒酶活性及端粒长度均未发生显著变化。结论:SENP1通过上调Sp1的表达促进TERT的表达,增加端粒酶活性上升及延缓端粒长度缩短,从而增强成骨细胞增殖能力。     

生物大分子自组织坍塌行为的研究

目的　研究生物分子链的自组织坍塌过程；探讨分子序列的组分、温度和链的柔性对生物分子自组织过程的影响。方法　基于粗粒化分子动力学模拟方法，研究均匀分子链和非均匀分子链的自组织坍塌过程。结果　发现链的非均匀性会使链的平衡结构产生微观网络结构，而链的柔性在很大程度上决定了链的整体构型。在链的刚性比较小的时候，均匀链和非均匀链都倾向于演化为团状结构。链的刚性比较大的时候，分子链演化为棒状和环状结构。发现在一定范围内温度对均匀链的平衡构型影响较小，而对非均匀链的平衡构型影响较大。结论　建立的粗粒化模型对于研究生物大分子的自组织过程，以及结构和功能的关系提供了一个有力的工具和新的思路。     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

胃小弯侧血管弓的MDCT解剖

目的：研究正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的多排螺旋CT表现。方法：回顾性分析51例正常成人的上腹部CT资料,观察胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的显示情况、血管弓形态及其与胃壁的关系。结果：51例均显示胃小弯侧血管弓,血管弓贲门部属支、胃体部属支和幽门部属支分别显示46例、15例和10例;血管弓与胃壁紧邻41例。结论：MDCT检查可良好显示正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管。     

Effects of pathogenic action of botulinus toxin of spinal motoneurons of various types

Motoneurons of the lumbosacral region of the spinal cord were studied during local botulinus paralysis. The development of paralysis of the poisoned limb was accompanied by lowering of the membrane potential, the amplitude of the antidromic action potentials and of mono- and polysynaptic EPSPs, and the input resistance, and by an increase in the critical depolarization level of the soma membrane of phasic motoneurons in the affected segments of the spinal cord. The excitability of the tonic motoneurons was substantially unchanged in the course of development of local botulism.A. A. Bogomolets Department of Pathological Physiology, Saratov Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR P. N. Veselkin.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 80, No. 11, pp. 21–24, November, 1975.     

Preference of the Place of Death Among People of Pune

Aim:

Provision of end-of-life care requires that we have adequate information about the preferred place of death in the population. Since no such study is reported in India, this study was taken up in and around Pune, a large cosmopolitan city.

Setting and Design:

A questionnaire was designed in three parts and distributed among the people above the age of 18 in and around Pune.

Materials and Methods:

The questionnaire had three parts the first being a consent form, followed by one for collection of personal information and lastly questions specific to the subject matter. Filled forms were screened for inconsistencies, gaps of information and errors.

Results:

The population survey was mixed, both urban and rural, men and women, educated and uneducated, young and old. Despite this heterogeneity, the results were consistent to the point that most of the people surveyed preferred home as the place of death. This preference cuts across all barriers, the only difference being that women had a stronger preference for home death compared to men.

Conclusions:

Helping people to die at their preferred place is a part of end-of-life care. Majority of people surveyed by us, prefer to die at home, where they are relatively more comfortable. Public and governmental policies should be directed toward facilitating home deaths.     

149例围产儿死亡原因分析

目的通过对我院2005～2009年间围产儿死亡原因和死亡构成比的分析,为制定有效的干预措施提供科学依据,从而提高围产保健质量,进一步降低围产儿死亡率。方法对我院2005～2009年围产儿死亡原因进行回顾性分析。结果 5年间我院住院分娩围产儿数18 581例,围产儿死亡数149例,围产儿死亡率平均为8.26‰,呈逐年下降的趋势。其中,本市户籍围产儿死亡占死亡率的8.75%,非本市户籍占91.25%。导致围产儿死亡的主要原因有胎儿因素、出生缺陷、脐带胎盘因素、母体因素、原因不明及其他。结论加强对围产儿保健者的培训,28周前发现畸形、预防早产、治疗妊娠合并症、加强监护有助于减少围产儿死亡的发生。