HPLC测定合成胸腺肽α_1原料药和有关物质含量

目的研究胸腺肽α1原料含量测定和有关物质考察方法。方法采用反相高效液相色谱法测定,VydacC18色谱柱（250mm×4.6mm,5μm）;流动相：0.02mol·L^-1磷酸盐缓冲液（pH7.00）-异丙醇（95∶5）;柱温：25℃,检测波长：215nm。结果胸腺肽α1线性范围为0.01～0.83mg·mL-1（r=0.9998）。最低检出量为10ng。有关物质含量为2.5%～2.6%。结论该方法简便、可靠、准确,可用于胸腺肽α1含量测定和有关物质考察。     

HPLC测定合成胸腺肽α1原料药和有关物质含量

目的　研究胸腺肽α1原料含量测定和有关物质考察方法。方法 采用反相高效液相色谱法测定,Vydac C₁₈色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 mm);流动相：0.02 mol·L^-1磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 7.00)-异丙醇(95∶5);柱温：25 ℃,检测波长：215 nm。结果 胸腺肽α₁线性范围为0.01~0.83 mg·mL^-1 (r=0.999 8)。最低检出量为10 ng。有关物质含量为2.5%~2.6%。结论 该方法简便、可靠、准确,可用于胸腺肽α1含量测定和有关物质考察。     

RP-HPLC法测定注射用盐酸丁卡因含量、含量均匀度及有关物质

目的:建立反相HPLC法测定注射用盐酸丁卡因含量、含量均匀度及有关物质。方法:采用Agela Venusil XBP C18(L)(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以甲醇-水(含0.4%三乙胺,用稀磷酸调节pH至3.0)(55∶45)为流动相,流速:1.0 mL·min-1,检测波长:315 nm(含量及含量均匀度测定波长),308 nm(有关物质测定波长);柱温:35℃,进样体积:20μL。结果:盐酸丁卡因在0.2064～41.28μg·mL-1浓度范围内呈良好线性关系(r=0.9999)(315 nm和308 nm);平均回收率(n=9)为101.3%;杂质a在0.0214～2.14μg·mL-1范围内呈良好线性关系(r=0.9996)(308 nm);平均回收率(n=9)为101.4%。结论:本法简便、准确,重复性好,专属性强,灵敏度高,可用于注射用盐酸丁卡因的含量、含量均匀度测定和有关物质检查。     

RP—HPLC法测定羧胺三唑含量及有关物质

目的:采用反相高效液相色谱法测定羧胺三唑的含量及其有关物质。方法:采用Kromasil C_(18)色谱柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm);以乙腈-水相(45∶55)为流动相;流速2.0mL·min~(-1);检测波长:262nm;柱温:室温;进样量:20μL。结果:反相高效液相色谱法测定的线性范围为12.5～200μg·mL~(-1);相关系数r=0.9999;日内精密度:RSD为0.38%(n=5);日间精密度:RSD为0.39%(n=5)。结论:本法简便快速、准确、专属性好。     

高效液相色谱法测定巴洛沙星片含量及有关物质

目的:建立高效液相色谱法测定巴洛沙星片的含量和有关物质。方法:采用 Zorhax SB C_(18)色谱柱(4.6mm×250 mm,5μm);以0.02 mol·L~(-1)磷酸二氢钾-甲醇(60:40,用磷酸调 pH 至3.5)为流动相;流速1.0 mL·min~(-1);检测波长:295 nm;柱温:40℃;进样量:20μL。结果:巴洛沙星线性范围为5～40μg·mL~(-1),r=0.9999;平均回收率为99.8%(RSD=0.56%),n=6。结论:该法简便准确,专属性好,可用于该制剂的质量控制及有关物质测定。     

HPLC法测定异牡荆素磷脂复合物中的有关物质

目的建立高效液相色谱法测定异牡荆素磷脂复合物中有关物质含量的方法。方法采用Cosmosil 5C_(18)-AR-II色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相A:甲醇,流动相B:体积分数为0.2%的甲酸溶液,流速:1.0 mL·min~(-1),梯度洗脱,检测波长:272 nm,进样量:10μL,柱温:35℃。结果异牡荆素与有关物质A-C及未知杂质均能良好分离;各有关物质的质量浓度在0.5～12.5 mg·L~(-1)内线性关系良好,r≥0.999 3(n=6);精密度RSD不大于1.6%;回收率为96.1%～102.8%(RSD≤2.0%,n=9);经对3批样品测定,有关物质的质量分数均低于规定限度。结论该方法适用于异牡荆素磷脂复合物有关物质的检查。     

酮康唑乳膏含量及有关物质测定方法改进

目的:建立酮康唑乳膏中酮康唑的含量和有关物质测定的HPLC分析方法.方法:色谱柱Diamonsil C18柱(200 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm);流动相:0.5%醋酸铵溶液-0.2%二异丙胺的甲醇液(15:85);流速:1.0 mL·min-1;进样体积:20 μL;检测波长:240 nm.结果:酮康唑在0.099 8～0.998 4 mg·mL-1浓度范围内与峰面积成良好线性关系,r＝0.999 8,平均回收率为100.0%,RSD＝0.13%.结论:本方法用于酮康唑乳膏中酮康唑及其有关物质含量的测定,快速、准确、专属性好.     

HPLC法同时测定苦参碱葡萄糖注射液中苦参碱及有关物质的含量

目的:建立高效液相色谱法测定苦参碱葡萄糖注射液中苦参碱及有关物质的含量。方法:以 Lichospher 氨基柱(200mm×4.6mm,5μm)为分离柱;乙腈-0.02 mol·L~(-1)磷酸二氢钠(75:25)为流动相;流速:1.0mL·min~(-1);检测波长:210nm;进样量:20μL。结果:采用该方法线性范围为0.006～0.40mg·mL~(-1)(r=0.9990,n=6);稳定性试验 RSD 为0.43%(n=5);重复性试验 RSD 为0.52%(n=5);平均回收率为100.7%(n=9)。结论:本法简便、准确,重复性好,可用于苦参碱葡萄糖注射液的质量控制。     

高效液相色谱法测定盐酸罂栗碱注射液的含量及有关物质

目的:采用高效液相色谱法测定盐酸罂粟碱注射液的含量及有关物质。方法:采用 C_(18)色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm);流动相为0.5%醋酸铵-1%三乙胺-甲醇(39:1:60);流速1 mL·min~(-1);检测波长238 nm;柱温40℃。结果:盐酸罂粟碱的线性范围为10～160 μg·mL~(-1)(r=0.9999),平均回收率为99.86%(n=9);各杂质峰与主峰达到基线分离。结论:本方法简便、快速,结果准确,重复性好。     

HPLC法测定氨己烯酸中有关物质的含量

目的建立高效液相色谱法测定氨己烯酸有关物质含量的方法。方法采用Spherisorb S5 C6色谱柱(250 mm×4.60 mm,5μm)串联Partisil-10 SCX色谱柱(250 mm×4.60 mm,10μm);乙腈为流动相A,质量浓度为1.7 g·L-1的二水·磷酸二氢钠溶液(含体积分数0.06%磷酸)为流动相B(体积比7∶93),流速为1.0 m L·min-1;检测波长为210 nm;柱温为35℃;进样量为20μL。结果氨己烯酸与有关物质A、B、E及未知杂质均能良好分离;各有关物质在线性范围内线性关系良好,r≥0.999(n=8);回收率在90%~108%内(RSD≤6%),经对三批样品测定,有关物质的含量质量分数均低于限度(0.1%)。结论建立的方法可作为氨己烯酸有关物质的测定。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.