鼻内镜手术治疗鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤

目的探讨鼻内镜手术治疗鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤的方法及可行性,观察其疗效。方法回顾性分析2008年1月～2012年12月57例鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤的临床资料,均行鼻内镜下切除手术。根据病变程度和范围,选择经典式鼻内镜手术,鼻内镜中鼻道、下鼻道联合上颌窦开窗术,鼻内镜辅助下Caldwell—Luc手术。观察术后复发率。结果随访1～3年,（23±9）月。复发率10．5％（6／57）,其中经典式鼻内镜手术9．7％（3／31）,鼻内镜中鼻道、下鼻道联合上颌窦开窗术10．0％（2／20）,鼻内镜辅助下Caldwell—Lue手术16．7％（1／6）。复发6例均行二次鼻内镜手术,随访6—12个月,平均7．5月,无再次复发。结论鼻内镜下手术治疗鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤手术损伤小,术后复发率低,临床疗效较好。     

鼻内镜下手术治疗上颌窦鼻内翻乳头状瘤的临床疗效观察

目的探讨鼻内镜下手术治疗上颌窦鼻内翻乳头状瘤的治疗效果。方法选取我院2008年1月-2013年12月收治的上颌窦鼻内翻乳头状瘤患者做为研究对象,按照人院顺序随机分为治疗组与对照组,治疗组应用鼻内镜下手术治疗,对照组患者应用传统鼻侧切开术。结果治疗组患者的临床数据优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。跟踪随访2～3年,治疗组患者的恶变与复发率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论应用鼻内镜下手术治疗上颌窦鼻内翻乳头状瘤的效果显著,术中微创治疗,术后无并发症发生,值得临床推广应用。     

视频鼻内镜下泪前隐窝入路治疗上颌窦良性病变23例体会

目的 探讨视频鼻内镜下经泪前隐窝入路治疗上颌窦良性病变的临床效果。方法 回顾2009年4月至2013年11月经视频鼻内镜下泪前隐窝入路治疗上颌窦良性病变行切除术的23例病例,包括鼻腔上颌窦内翻性乳头状瘤5例,复发性上颌窦息肉7例,上颌窦囊肿5例,真菌性上颌窦炎6例。术前均行鼻窦冠状位加轴位CT扫描,选择的病例为病变位于上颌窦内壁及泪前隐窝区,考虑经上颌窦自然口入路而病变不能完整切除者;若为鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤则在术前行MRI检查,并明确为上颌窦病变。结果 23例病例经试探性手术证明经上颌窦自然口入路不能完整切除病变部位,改行视频鼻内镜下经泪前隐窝入路,能良好暴露上颌窦各壁,彻底切除病变,并随访6~24个月。术后鼻后滴漏、流涕、鼻腔臭味、头痛、头晕症状逐渐消退,其中1例由于病变累及鼻泪管而将鼻泪管切除,导致术后发生溢泪现象,继而给予视频鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊造口术治疗而好转,至术后第6个月时,溢泪现象消失。1例患者术后于术侧上颌中、侧切牙部位有麻木感,1个月后消退。1例术后病理检查为鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤恶性变,经院外放射治疗失访,余下随访的22病例中,1例下鼻甲形态略有缩小,其余病例均形态良好,上颌窦光滑,下鼻道开窗形态良好。结论 视频鼻内镜下经泪前隐窝入路切除治疗上颌窦良性病变,能良好暴露上颌窦各壁,视野宽、损伤小,便于病变观察和切除,不留死角,疗效满意,维护了鼻腔形态及功能。同时为开展翼腭窝等侧颅底区域手术提供了一种入路方法。     

3种鼻内镜手术治疗上颌窦内翻性乳头状瘤的疗效比较

目的探讨鼻内镜下上颌窦内翻性乳头状瘤手术方式的选择和疗效。方法2008年8月-2012年6月对88例累及上颌窦的内翻性乳头状瘤分别采取鼻内镜中鼻道入路切除肿瘤（A组,n=34）、鼻内镜下中鼻道联合尖牙窝入路切除肿瘤（B组,n=28）、鼻内镜下鼻腔外侧壁切除（C组,n=26）。结果随访18～64个月,3组患者复发率分别为35．3％（12／34）、7．1％（2／28）、3．8％（1／26）,有显著性差异（χ2=13．003,P=0．002）,其中C组显著低于A组（Z=-2．906,P=0．004）：B组显著低于A组（Z=-2．617,P=0．009）,B、C组无显著差异（Z=-0．524,P=0．601）。结论鼻内镜下鼻腔外侧壁切除术治疗上颌窦内翻性乳头状瘤可以减少手术盲区,切除肿瘤较为彻底,较中鼻道入路有较低的复发率。     

鼻内镜下切除鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤的临床分析

目的探讨经鼻内镜手术切除鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤的疗效。方法对2002年6月～2007年6月笔者所在医院在鼻内镜下切除鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤11例患者和同期行鼻侧切开术治疗鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤11例患者进行回顾性比较研究。所有患者系Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期病例。结果在鼻内镜下治疗的11例患者中,10例一次性手术完全切除,1例15个月复发再手术治愈。在鼻侧切开术下治疗的11例患者中1例恶变,6例一次性手术完全切除,2例术后发现残留,予以微波处理,2例分别手术后6个月和12个月复发,均再手术治愈。所有病例均随访3年,均未再复发。结论内镜下切除鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤,具有视野清晰、损伤小、面部无瘢痕、患者康复快,术后换药方便等特点。     

经鼻内镜切除良性鼻-颅底肿瘤（附11例报告）

目的探讨鼻内镜下切除良性鼻-颅底肿瘤的疗效。方法 2004年3月～2009年11月对11例良性鼻-颅底肿瘤,鼻内镜下先切除鼻腔鼻窦肿瘤,逐渐接近颅底,仔细辨认颈内动脉等重要解剖结构,然后分块切除肿瘤,最后修复颅底缺损。结果 11例鼻-颅底肿瘤鼻内镜下全部切除,术中出血量100～450 ml,平均175 ml;手术时间105～210 min,平均146 min。术后未出现脑脊液鼻漏、细菌性脑膜炎等并发症。病理类型：巨大筛额窦囊肿2例,鼻咽纤维血管瘤3例,上颌窦内翻性乳头状瘤3例,蝶窦骨化纤维瘤1例,翼腭窝神经鞘瘤1例,侧颅底炎性肌母细胞瘤1例。11例随访6～58个月,平均41个月,鼻窦CT扫描和鼻内镜复查无肿瘤局部复发。结论鼻内镜手术利于辨别颅底重要的解剖结构和肿瘤的彻底切除,是治疗鼻-颅底良性肿瘤的理想方法。     

鼻内镜下泪前隐窝入路微创治疗累及上颌窦的复杂内翻性乳头状瘤

目的探讨经鼻内镜泪前隐窝入路微创治疗累及上颌窦的复杂内翻性乳头状瘤的可行性及疗效。方法回顾性分析2013年1月~2015年10月18例经鼻内镜泪前隐窝入路手术治疗累及上颌窦的复杂内翻性乳头状瘤的临床资料,男14例,女4例,年龄17~73岁,平均49.3岁。术前行CT、MRI检查,明确病变累及泪前隐窝、齿槽隐窝并伴有上颌窦各壁多发骨质破坏。经鼻内镜泪前隐窝入路清除上颌窦内病变,处理肿瘤根蒂处黏膜并清除受累骨质,视病变范围处理筛窦、蝶窦、额窦。术后定期鼻内镜检查随访,观察症状改善、并发症及肿瘤原位复发、远处转移情况。结果 18例均顺利完成手术,术后经鼻内镜检查、换药,随访6~40个月,平均24个月。9例术后患侧鼻腔通气改善,头痛等临床症状消失,鼻内镜检查窦腔上皮化,无视力下降、复视、溢泪等并发症发生;5例术后囊泡或肉芽增生,经鼻内镜换药2~4周消失;2例病理提示伴癌变,术后放射治疗,随访9、13个月未见复发及远处转移;2例术后复发,经再次鼻内镜手术,扩大切除病变,分别继续随访12、15个月未见复发。结论泪前隐窝入路治疗复杂上颌窦内翻性乳头状瘤,可彻底清除上颌窦病灶,手术损伤小,术后并发症少,是可行的手术方式。     

鼻内镜下切除上颌窦淋巴管瘤1例

本文报道1例2014年9月我科术前诊断上颌窦浆液性囊肿,经鼻内镜下手术切除后确诊为淋巴管瘤。术后6个月鼻内镜下见上颌窦腔内黏膜光滑,未见囊肿样新生物复发。我们认为上颌窦淋巴管瘤与上颌窦浆液性囊肿,在CT及鼻内镜直视下均不易鉴别,可在鼻内镜下彻底切除,切除后不易复发。     

电动吸切钻在鼻内镜微创手术中应用的体会

本文报道采用电动吸切钻行鼻内镜手术223例.其中鼻息肉切除联合鼻窦开放手术167例,治愈好转率92.8%(155/167);慢性肥厚性鼻炎下鼻甲部分切除术40例,全部治愈;鼻中隔偏曲嵴突切削磨除术6例,全部治愈;鼻腔内翻性乳头状瘤切除术10例,治愈9例,术后10月复发1例.作者认为鼻内镜手术中应用电动吸切钻是功能性鼻内镜外科技术的进一步完善,能准确安全切除病变组织.     

鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤患者鼻内镜术后复发的危险因素分析

目的 探讨并分析鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤患者鼻内镜术后复发的危险因素。方法 选择本院2018年11月至2022年11月62例鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤术后患者作为研究对象,将术后1年复发的15例作为复发组,将未复发的47例作为未复发组。比较两组患者的年龄、性别、吸烟、饮酒、鼻部手术史、肿瘤发生部位、病程、Krouse分期情况,并采用逻辑（Logistic）回归分析影响鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤患者鼻内镜术后复发的危险因素。结果 两组患者的年龄、性别、饮酒、病程比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤患者鼻内镜术后复发与吸烟、鼻部手术史、肿瘤发生部位、Krouse分期有关（P<0.05）;经Logistic回归分析结果显示,吸烟、鼻部手术史、肿瘤发生部位、Krouse分期均是影响鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤患者鼻内镜术后复发的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论 鼻内镜术后,吸烟、手术史、肿瘤位置及Krouse分期是鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤复发的危险因素,需要对这些危险因素进行临床干预,以减少术后复发。     

Endoscopic surgery of inverted papillomas under image guidance--a prospective study of 42 consecutive cases at a Danish university clinic.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the feasibility of endoscopic surgery with image guidance in the treatment of inverted papillomas. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: This prospective cohort study comprised 42 consecutive patients with biopsy-confirmed inverted papillomas that were diagnosed between 1998 and 2003. All patients were treated by the first author (C.B.). Image guidance based on preacquired CT scans of the patients was used to assist the surgeon aiming at endoscopic resection of inverted papilloma. The success of the surgery was judged primarily by the recurrence rate and the treatment morbidity. RESULTS: The study group consisted of 30 males and 12 females with a median age of 61 years. The follow-up period ranged from 9 months to 69 months (median, 37 months). The only additional procedure performed was the Caldwell-Luc procedure (8 cases). Recurrence was diagnosed in 10 cases (24%), all in the original tumor site. Eight of these had undergone previous surgery for inverted papilloma. The recurrences were predominantly located in the maxillary or in the frontal sinus (8 cases). In 2 cases, the recurrence was simply removed endoscopically while performing the biopsy procedure. All recurrences were identified within the first 9 months. Associated malignancy was not shown. No severe complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS: A treatment based on endoscopic resection with image guidance appears to offer a safe treatment modality of inverted papilloma with insignificant morbidity. Predominantly cases with nonmedial involvement of the maxillary sinus still require a supplement with the Caldwell Luc procedure. Although all the recurrences were found within 9 months postoperatively, later recurrences cannot be excluded. Long-term follow-up is recommended.     

Indications for the Caldwell-Luc approach in the endoscopic era.

OBJECTIVE: Caldwell and Luc described the Caldwell-Luc operation more than 100 years ago as the surgical treatment for maxillary sinus disease. During the last decades less radical interventions using endoscopic approach have mainly replaced the classical procedures done for chronic and recurrent maxillary sinusitis. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Between 1991 and 2002, 62 patients had the Caldwell-Luc approach for different indications. RESULTS: Twenty (32%) patients had chronic sinusitis, 16 (26%) patients had inverted papilloma, 9 (15%) patients had suffered from nasal polyposis, 4 patients (6%) had dentigerous cyst, 4 (6%) patients had fungal ball, and 9 (15%) patients were operated for other indications. CONCLUSIONS: The use of this surgical approach is rational in cases of fungal disease and in endoscopic medial maxillectomy for treating inverted papilloma. In all other cases, the preferred approach should now be endoscopic.     

Aggressive endoscopic resection of inverted papilloma: an update.

OBJECTIVE: Endoscopic resection has been proposed for sinonasal inverted papilloma (IP). Our objective was to determine the efficacy of aggressive endoscopic resection of IP. METHODS: Retrospective analysis was performed on patients undergoing endoscopic resection of IP at the University of Virginia between 1990 and 1996. Total ethmoidectomies, wide maxillary antrostomies, frontal recess explorations, sphenoidotomies, and turbinate resection were performed as required. Once all visible papilloma was removed, residual mucosa was removed by using a diamond burr to polish bone at the site of origin. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients were treated with endoscopic resection of IP. Only 1 of 21 patients had an adjunctive external procedure (an osteoplastic flap without obliteration). Average follow-up was 41.9 months after initial aggressive endoscopic resection at the ureterovesical angle. Recurrences occurred in 19% (4/21) of patients. One of the 4 had two recurrences. Recurrences occurred in 16 months or less, except for one noted at 35 months and another at 56 months. CONCLUSIONS: Aggressive endoscopic resection of IP by experienced rhinologists is an acceptable treatment.     

Intracranial extension of inverted papilloma: An unusual and potentially fatal complication

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this article is to define the outcome of intracranial extension of inverted papilloma and outline a rationale for management of this rare clinical presentation. METHODS: A review of patients with intracranial extension of inverted papilloma reported in the literature (18 patients), or treated in our institution (3 patients ) was performed. The data of these 21 patients were consolidated with regard to clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome. Nine patients, including 1 of our cases, had coexisting squamous cell carcinoma and therefore were excluded from the analysis. Twelve patients with "pure" inverted papilloma formed the basis of this study. RESULTS: The majority of patients (83%) with intracranial inverted papilloma had recurrent disease. Patients with extradural disease had a survival rate of 86% with an average follow-up of 4.4 years. Eighty-six percent of these survivors were treated with craniofacial resection. In contrast, 75% of patients with intradural inverted papilloma were dead of disease with an average follow-up of 9.3 months regardless of the treatment modality. CONCLUSIONS: Intracranial extension of inverted papilloma is mostly associated with recurrent disease. Intracranial extradural inverted papilloma can be effectively controlled with craniofacial resection. Intracranial intradural involvement of inverted papilloma has a poor prognosis regardless of treatment. Aggressive treatment of intranasal inverted papilloma may be the most important factor in preventing intracranial presentation.     

Transmaxillary exploration of the intracranial portion of the maxillary nerve in malignant perineural disease. Technical note

OBJECT: Achieving microscopically tumor-free margins during resection of skull base malignancies has consistently been identified as a positive prognostic factor for patient survival. When malignancies extend perineurally into the major nerves traversing the skull base and entering the cavernous sinus, achieving tumor-free margins can be challenging and typically necessitates performing a craniotomy to access the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus. This report describes a novel technique used to access and resect malignancy extending perineurally into the intracranial portion of V2 via the maxillary sinus. METHODS: Seven patients with maxillary sinus tumors and perineural extensions along V2, who underwent resection of the primary tumor and transmaxillary intracranial exposure and dissection of the maxillary nerve to achieve maximal tumor resection, were analyzed. Prospectively collected data, including symptoms, clinical signs, diagnostic imaging data, pathological diagnosis, incidence and nature of complications, adjuvant therapies, and oncological outcomes, were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: All patients in this cohort had trigeminal nerve symptomatology as well as abnormal enhancement in the pterygopalatine fissure as noted on magnetic resonance imaging. The transmaxillary exploration of the maxillary nerve technique was used in all seven patients, resulting in gross-total resection of the tumors in every patient. At the last follow-up (mean 30 months, range 13-58 months, in four of seven patients for > 2 years), six patients were alive without evidence of local disease. One patient with squamous cell carcinoma died of progressive infratemporal fossa and regional neck disease 26 months after resection. No intracranial or cavernous sinus disease was present. CONCLUSIONS: This technique extended the limits of resection without the need for a craniotomy and improved local tumor control in this patient cohort.     

Combined Transoral and Endoscopic Approach for Total Maxillectomy: A Pioneering Report

Total maxillectomy is sometimes necessary especially for malignant tumors originating from the maxillary sinus. Here we describe a combined transoral and endoscopic approach for total maxillectomy for the treatment of malignant maxillary sinus tumors and evaluate its short-term outcome. This approach was evaluated in terms of the physiological function, aesthetic outcome, and complications. Six patients underwent the above-mentioned approach for resection of malignant maxillary sinus tumors from May 2010 to June 2011. This combined transoral and endoscopic approach includes five basic steps: total sphenoethmoidectomy, sublabial incision, incision of the frontal process of the maxilla, incision of the zygomaticomaxillary fissure, and hard palate osteotomy. All patients with malignant maxillary sinus tumors successfully underwent the planned total endoscopic maxillectomy without the need for facial incision or transfixion of the nasal septum; there were no significant complications. Five patients received preoperative radiation therapy. All patients were well and had no recurrence at follow-up from 13 to 27 months. The combined approach is feasible and can be performed in carefully selected patients. The benefit of the absence of facial incisions or transfixion of the nasal septum, potential improvement in hemostasis, and visual magnification may help to decrease the morbidity of traditional open approaches.     

鼻内镜下上颌窦口处理方法的探讨

目的研究鼻内镜手术上颌窦自然开口不同的方法处理,对术后窦口开放及纤毛功能的影响。方法采用自身配对300例双侧上颌窦病变相近,术中见双上颌窦均有病变的Ⅰ、Ⅱ型慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉患者进行研究。对比一侧上颌窦自然口开放时制作寞口区窦内侧壁黏膜瓣,将其内翻铺入中鼻道,另一侧常规开放扩大上颌窦口,术后观察不同时期窦口开放及纤毛功能情况。结果术后6个月发现术中制作瓣的一侧窦门开放率为96％,无闭锁发生,纤毛清除功能较对侧明显好。结论鼻内镜术中,对有病变的上颌窦口制作瓣,不仅有防止术后窦口闭锁,亦有利于窦内黏膜纤毛功能的保留。