冰水混合物在病理组织制片中的应用研究

目的 探讨冰水混合物在病理组织制片中的应用价值,以寻求提高HE切片质量的方法.方法 手术切除的人体标本经脱水、浸蜡后包埋成蜡块,蜡块分别用自来水、冰块、冰水混合物处理后切片,常规HE染色,光学显微镜观察.结果 经冰水混合物处理的组织蜡块,切出的蜡片成带完整、厚薄均匀,无重叠、皱褶、脱片、空洞、龟裂或波浪样改变;HE染色...     

冰水混合物在病理组织制片中的应用研究

目的 探讨冰水混合物在病理组织制片中的应用价值,以寻求提高HE切片质量的方法.方法 手术切除的人体标本经脱水、浸蜡后包埋成蜡块,蜡块分别用自来水、冰块、冰水混合物处理后切片,常规HE染色,光学显微镜观察.结果 经冰水混合物处理的组织蜡块,切出的蜡片成带完整、厚薄均匀,无重叠、皱褶、脱片、空洞、龟裂或波浪样改变;HE染色鲜艳,组织结构清晰,细胞形态完整.与经自来水、冰块处理的蜡块制作的切片有明显差异.结论 切片前用冰水混合物处理蜡块的方法是可行的,可明显提高HE制片质量.     

骨活检塑料包埋切片的探讨

骨组织传统的病理制片方法是甲醛固定、脱钙、石蜡包埋切片。HE染色。此法经过脱钙、脱水、加温、浸蜡可使细胞严重收缩，且HE染色只有二种颜色，使各系统血细胞及其分化阶段的辩认十分困难。为解决此问题，我们经反复试验，发现用塑料包埋切片染色，结果甚为满意。     

综合改良技术在牙及牙周组织联合切片中应用的效果观察

目的观察综合改良技术在牙及牙周组织联合切片中应用的效果,探讨提高牙及牙周组织联合切片效果的处理方法。方法选择正畸拔除牙标本32例,采取综合改良技术处理标本,观察标本处理的制片情况及制片效果。结果上述标本经综合改良技术处理后,脱钙时间明显缩短,HE制片质量满意,免疫组织化学染色能理想的显示抗原物质。结论综合改良技术在牙及牙周组织联合切片中能够取得满意的制片效果,且不改变骨组织中的蛋白抗原,值得广泛推广施行。     

人体活检穿刺组织、实验动物组织荧光制片、HE制片中的技术改进

目的人体活体行肺、肝、肾穿刺及实验用动物的肺、肝、肾组织制作免疫荧光切片、石蜡HE切片,用以明确疾病的性质以及做科研时动物试验的组织进行科学病理分析。方法我院患者的活检组织标本、试验室的动物组织标本取1/4及1/3用普通胶水代替OCT包埋剂,冰冻机下行冰冻切片用以制作直接免疫荧光染色。剩余标本组织在脱水机改进时间后进行脱水处理,行石蜡包埋切片做HE染色。结果组织荧光制片效果好,无背景着色,切片完整,组织结构清晰。组织石蜡HE切片染色胞浆分明,切片完整。两种制片镜下观察定位准确。结论采用改进后方法制片,节约资金,制片的阳性强度及阳性检出率与未改进前相比效果好,定位准确。     

甲酸脱钙液的浓度对骨组织脱钙后切片染色效果的研究

目的探讨骨组织经不同浓度的甲酸脱钙液24小时脱钙后切片染色效果,选择最佳甲酸脱钙工作液。方法350例骨组织标本每例取材3份,分别用40％、30％、20％的甲酸脱钙液常温下脱钙24小时,观察三种不同浓度的甲酸脱钙液脱钙后骨组织的切片和HE染色情况。结果骨组织经40％甲酸脱钙液脱钙后,切片完整,但HE染色核质偏浅,胞浆偏红;30％甲酸脱钙液脱钙后,切片完整,HE染色核质清晰,胞浆鲜艳;20％甲酸脱钙液脱钙后,切片不够完整,HE染色核质偏浅,胞浆偏浅。结论脱钙液脱钙后应保持组织切片完整,染色效果良好,且30％的甲酸脱钙液是较理想的工作液。     

甲酸脱钙液的浓度对骨组织脱钙后切片染色效果的研究

目的探讨骨组织经不同浓度的甲酸脱钙液24小时脱钙后切片染色效果,选择最佳甲酸脱钙工作液。方法350例骨组织标本每例取材3份,分别用40％、30％、20％的甲酸脱钙液常温下脱钙24小时,观察三种不同浓度的甲酸脱钙液脱钙后骨组织的切片和HE染色情况。结果骨组织经40％甲酸脱钙液脱钙后,切片完整,但HE染色核质偏浅,胞浆偏红;30％甲酸脱钙液脱钙后,切片完整,HE染色核质清晰,胞浆鲜艳;20％甲酸脱钙液脱钙后,切片不够完整,HE染色核质偏浅,胞浆偏浅。结论脱钙液脱钙后应保持组织切片完整,染色效果良好,且30％的甲酸脱钙液是较理想的工作液。     

骨髓穿刺组织石蜡制片方法改进的探讨

由于骨髓组织含有大量的钙盐而非常坚硬,不能直接进行石蜡制片,而经过脱钙处理后,才能进行切片、HE染色、特殊染色和免疫组化染色。脱钙过度或不当均可影响上述染色。因此,脱钙时间和脱钙液的选择十分重要。传统的方法用14％硝酸脱钙液脱钙常出现脱钙过度或不足,难以掌握,常造成组织切片不完整、组织结构破坏、细胞模糊不清,     

制作优质HE病理组织切片的要素

目的制作一张优质的病理组织切片。方法对病理组织制片过程中出现的问题加以注意及改进。结果病理组织固定、脱水效果好,制作的组织切片薄,HE染色胞浆分明。     

一种改良脱钙液在骨组织制片中的临床应用

目的：介绍一种既能缩短脱钙时间又能提升骨组织制片质量的改良脱钙方法。方法选取68例手术骨标本使用改良脱钙液进行脱钙,观察其脱钙情况及染色效果。结果此方法处理的标本脱钙效果完全,组织切片质量好,无明显刀痕,厚薄均匀,颜色鲜艳,对比清晰。结论改良脱钙液有利于临床骨组织及钙化组织的脱钙处理。     

Potential for dehydration to impact the athlete biological passport

In order to inform the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP), this study determined whether the elevation in hemoglobin (Hb) following intracellular or extracellular dehydration would trigger an atypical passport finding (ATPF). Seven male and three female volunteers (age: 23 ± 4 y; height: 170 ± 8 cm; body mass: 78 ± 12 kg) were carefully euhydrated (EUH) to determine baseline Hb levels. Volunteers then completed both an exercise‐induced sweating dehydration (SW) protocol and a diuretic‐induced dehydration (DI) protocol. Dehydration was assessed via body mass changes and Hb was measured via a bench‐top automated hematology analyzer. Using the ABP module, the expected baseline range for each individual was determined using EUH trials, and the impact of each dehydration protocol was then assessed in comparison with these thresholds. Volunteers lost on average 3.1% and 3.7% body mass in the SW and DI trials, respectively. While only one subject exceeded the upper threshold following DI dehydration, six additional subjects demonstrated highly unusual ABP profiles; this was not the case for SW. Sweating is not a feasible explanation for elevated Hb during ABP testing; however, recent illness such as secretory diarrhea, which is mimicked by diuretic administration, may be capable of producing elevated Hb in athletes' biological passports.     

腹泻合并重度脱水患儿的临床特点分析与护理体会

目的：总结对小儿腹泻重度脱水诊治临床经验,探讨小儿腹泻重度脱水的临床诊治与护理方法。方法：回顾性总结90例小儿腹泻重度脱水患儿资料,对所有患儿进行加强心理护理,耐心细致的心理护理和正确、轻柔的操作护理。结果：90例患儿中,77例2d内明显好转,显效率为85％;86例患儿3d内明显好转,有效率96％。96％患儿经精心护理3d内腹泻症状显著改善,脱水现象及时缓解,精神状况好转,家长十分满意。结论：耐心细致的心理护理,正确、轻柔的操作护理措施和治疗后的生活护理对小儿腹泻重度脱水治疗具有重要的临床效果。     

Cryopreservation of precision-cut tissue slices for application in drug metabolism research.

Cryopreservation of tissue slices greatly facilitates their use in drug metabolism research, leading to efficient use of human organ material and a decrease of laboratory animal use. In the present review, various mechanisms of cryopreservation such as equilibrium slow freezing, rapid freezing and vitrification, and their application to cryopreservation of tissue slices are discussed as well as the viability parameters often used to evaluate the success of cryopreservation. Equilibrium freezing prevents intracellular ice formation by inducing cellular dehydration, but (large) ice crystals are still formed in the interstitial space of the slices. Upon rapid freezing, (small) intra- and extracellular ice crystals are formed which slices from some tissues can resist. Vitrification prevents the formation of both intra- and extracellular ice crystals while an amorphous glass is formed of the slice liquid constituents. To vitrify, however, high molarity solutions of cryoprotectants are required that may be toxic to the slices. The use of mixtures of high molarity of cryoprotectants overcomes this problem. We conclude that vitrification is the approach that most likely will lead to the development of universal cryopreservation methods for tissue slices of various organs from various animal species. In the future this may lead to the formation of a tissue slice bank from which slices can be derived at any desirable time point for in vitro experimentation.     

环保试剂聚羟基丙烯酸和 Van-clear用于 HE染色效果分析

目的探讨聚羟基丙烯酸和 Van-clear在苏木精 -伊红染色法( HE染色)中的应用效果。方法收集河北省人民医院 2018年 1月至 2019年 1月期间送检的脑组织( 12例)、脾组织( 18例)、骨髓组织( 22例)、淋巴结组织( 50例)、淋巴瘤组织( 10例)、乳腺纤维腺瘤组织( 62例)、宫颈腺癌组织( 26例)、子宫平滑肌瘤组织( 74例)、慢性宫颈炎组织( 102例)、胎盘组织( 35例)、脂肪组织( 57例)同一部位各取材两块,采用抽签法随机分为 A组和 B组。 A组采用传统甲醛和二甲苯处理 HE切片 468张, B组采用环保试剂,聚羟基丙烯酸和 Van-clear处理 HE切片 468张,观察对比两组切片 HE染色情况。结果两组切片均取材完整、厚度适宜、未见褶皱或刀痕、 HE染色核浆清晰、红蓝适度、透明洁净、封裱美观; A组优良率与 B组优良率相比差异无统计学意义( 98.08%比 98.71%)(P>0.05);将 A组 HE染色结果作为参照, B组切片的优、良、中、差染色结果与 A组染色结果的符合率分别为 97.4%(456/468)、 98.2%(459/468)、 99.4%(465/468)、 100%(468/468),本研究符合率最小为 97.4%,将     

TGF-β1与非创伤性股骨头坏死相关性研究

目的 探讨TGF-β 1在非创伤性股骨头坏死发病机制中的作用.方法 选取30例非创伤性股骨头坏死行股骨头置换手术切除的股骨头(观察组),10例非正常死亡者股骨头标本(对照组).分别取股骨头承重面软骨下骨组织及软骨标本,行HE染色及免疫组织化学技术检测TGF-β 1蛋白的表达.结果 ①肉眼观察:对照组关节面光滑完整,厚薄正常,切面鲜红,无骨化.实验组股骨头表面部分软骨增厚,局部与骨质分离.②HE染色:对照组关节软骨细胞层数正常,软骨细胞无极性改变,间质染色均匀.实验组软骨层增厚,细胞形态、排列改变,数量减少,纤维增生、骨化.③免疫组化染色:对照组软骨仅见到少许TGF-β 1阳性细胞(3.81％).实验组软骨细胞的胞浆及胞核多处可见黄色及棕色着色,以胞浆染色为主,与对照组相比,实验组(18.41％) TGF-β 1的表达明显增多(x2=3.93,P＜0,05).结论 股骨头坏死时TGF-β1的表达明显增多,且随软骨缺损程度的加重表达增高明显,提示TGF-β 1在非创伤性股骨头坏死发病机制中具有重要作用.     

TO型生物制片透明剂与二甲苯在病理制片中的应用比较

目的 比较TO型生物制片透明剂(简称TO试剂)与二甲苯作为透明剂在病理制片中的作用与效果,为病理制片寻找更为环保、健康的制片方法.方法 收集1 000例组织标本,每例组织均取材2份,分为A、B两组,A组用二甲苯作为透明剂常规脱水、包埋、切片、染色、封片观察;B组用TO试剂代替二甲苯作为透明剂,其余操作不变,观察制片质量.结果 使用TO试剂他二甲苯制出的切片按照切片质量标准评分,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);工作环境中,使用二甲苯比TO试剂的空气质量相对差.结论 在病理制片中,TO试剂可以取代二甲苯,适用于脱蜡、透明等环节.     

Gas chromatography—mass spectrometry in the investigation of on-column dehydration of steroid hormones during gas—liquid chromatography

Some underivatized steroids when injected onto conventional packed columns for gas—liquid chromatography underwent varying degrees of dehydration. This problem was traced to the presence of small pieces of broken glass on the top of the column at the point of injection. This observation provoked an examination of the effect of pre-column dehydration on a number of different types of steroids. Powdered aluminium was placed in the injection liner of a Hewlett—Packard gas chromatograph fitted with an HP1 capillary column connected to a mass selective detector, and injections were made using a new high temperature septumless injection system at temperatures between 200 and 400°C. 5α-androstan-3α-ol, a simple monofunctional C19 steroid chosen as a model to establish optimum conditions, underwent dehydration at injection temperatures greater than 250°C and the product reached a maximum at 400°C when no unchanged steroid was present. Monohydroxylated androgens and oestrogens underwent dehydration at 400°C producing products whose mass spectra indicated they were monenes, although the position of the double bond could not be assigned. Polyfunctional androgens and oestrogens and corticosteroids underwent complex changes producing a number of products some of whose structures could not be determined. The dehydration products had the advantage that they had relatively intense high mass ions and for suitable steroids this might provide enhanced sensitivity of detection during mass fragmentography. In such cases dehydration was reproducible and straight line standard curves were obtained. C27 and C28 secosteroids (vitamins D₂ and D₃) and some of their metabolises (e.g. 25-hydroxyvitamin D) underwent efficient dehydration, again producing products with intense molecular ions. In the case of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃and 25,26- dihydroxyvitamin D₃, dehydration produced different products which were easily resolved in the chromatographic system used. Dehydration of vitamin D metabolites eliminates the need for derivatization and gives enhanced sensitivity of measurement by gas chromatography—mass spectrometry.     

股前外侧穿支皮瓣游离移植在深度创面修复中的应用

目的 探讨应用股前外侧穿支皮瓣游离移植修复头面、四肢深度复杂创面的临床疗效.方法 应用股前外侧穿支皮瓣游离移植修复头面、四肢不同部位深度创面26例.其中深度烧伤创面10例,外伤皮肤软组织缺损8例,肿瘤切除术后创面6例,其他2例.创面5 cm×10 cm～12 cm×24 cm.切取不带肌肉的穿支皮瓣,将旋股外侧动脉降支血管与受区血管吻合.结果 26例患者皮瓣全部成活.2例术后48h内发生静脉回流障碍,经按摩,局部肝素应用,皮瓣挽救成活.结论 股前外侧穿支皮瓣具有血管蒂恒定、血管蒂长、管径粗、皮瓣可切取面积大、部位隐蔽、不牺牲主干血管、切取后对供区功能和外形影响较小、术中不变换休位、手术操作简单等优点.在修复深度创面中成活率高,效果满意.     

Increased post-thaw viability and phase I and II biotransformation activity in cryopreserved rat liver slices after improvement of a fast-freezing method.

An existing cryopreservation method for liver slices applies 12% dimethylsulfoxide and rapid freezing. We found that cells in rat liver slices cryopreserved in this manner deteriorated rapidly upon culturing. To improve this cryopreservation method, we varied the dimethylsulfoxide concentration (0, 12, 18, and 30%), the cryopreservation medium (Williams medium E, fetal calf serum, and University of Wisconsin medium), slice thickness, and the storage period at 4 degrees C during slice preparation before cryopreservation. After thawing, slices were cultured for 4 h at 37 degrees C before their viability was evaluated by their potassium content and the number of intact cells determined histomorphologically. The biotransformation capacity of liver slices cryopreserved by the improved method was assessed by testosterone oxidation, hydroxycoumarin sulfation, and glucuronidation. Best results were obtained with 18% dimethylsulfoxide in Williams medium E: the potassium content of cryopreserved slices was higher than 65%, and the number of intact cells was higher than 60% of that in fresh slices; with 12% dimethylsulfoxide, potassium content was less than 40%, and the number of intact cells was less than 30%. Results did not differ between the three cryopreservation media. Viability of thin slices (8-10 cell layers) was better maintained than that of thicker slices (>14 cell layers). Storage at 4 degrees C of slices before cryopreservation decreased viability after cryopreservation. Both oxidative and conjugation activities were better than 60% of fresh values. Although results varied, slices cryopreserved with this improved method and cultured for 4 h retained viability between 50 and 80%, and biotransformation activity between 60 and 90% of fresh slices.     

股方肌骨瓣移植加压空心螺钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折临床分析

目的探讨股方肌骨瓣移植加压空心螺钉内固定术治疗股骨颈骨折的疗效。方法本组58例患者均采用髋关节后外侧切口．用骨刀凿取4．0cm×2．0cm×1．0cm带血管蒂股方肌蒂骨瓣,直视下骨折解剖复位,三枚空心螺钉内固定。将带血管蒂骨瓣移至股骨头颈处,可吸收丝线缝合。结果患者随访时间12-18个月,平均15个月,58例患者骨折全部愈合,优35例,良18例,可2例,差3例,优良率为91．37％,无股骨头坏死发生。结论带血管蒂股方肌骨瓣移植加压空心螺钉治疗股骨颈骨折操作可行性强、血供好、愈合时间短、骨折愈合率和功能优良率高,能提高股骨颈骨折的治愈率,有效预防股骨头坏死,是治疗股骨颈骨折的有效方法。