奎硫平对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的：比较奎硫平与氯丙嗪对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法：采用生活质量问卷(QOL)、阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)、副反应量表(TESS)、健康状况问卷(SF-36)进行疗效、不良反应和生活质量评估,并对影响生活质量的某些因素进行多元逐步回归分析。结果：两组PANSS评分治疗前后均有极显著差异,而两组同期相比差异则无显著性。治疗结束后,奎硫平组在生理机能、生理职能、生活活力、社会功能4个因子分及生存质量总评分均明显高于氯丙嗪组。多因素逐步回归分析显示影响患者生存质量的主要因素依次为精神症状、药物、不良反应、病程。结论：奎硫平与氯丙嗪对精神分裂症疗效相当,生活质量影响优于氯丙嗪。     

奥氮平与氯丙嗪对精神分裂症患者生活质量影响的对照研究

目的比较奥氮平（悉敏）与氯丙嗪对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法将符合标准的100例住院精神分裂症患者随机分为奥氮平组和氯丙嗪组，共治疗3个月。采用阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS），不良反应量表（TESS）、健康状况问卷（SF-36）分别进行疗效，不良反应和生活质量评估，并对影响生活质量的诸因素进行多元逐步回归分析。结果两组治疗前后PANSS评分均有显著差异（P〈0．01），治疗结束后阴性症状评分奥氮平组明显低于氯丙嗪组，且有显著差异（P〈0．01）。生活质量比较：奥氮平组在生理机能、生理职能、生活活力、社会功能和情感职能5个因子分及生活质量总分均明显高于氯丙嗪组（P〈0．05），且治疗前后评分有显著差异。多因素逐步回归分析亦显示影响患者生活质量的主要因素依次为精神症状、药物、不良反应和病程。结论奥氮平治疗精神分裂症疗效好，安全性高，生活质量优于氯丙嗪。     

利培酮与氯丙嗪维持治疗精神分裂症临床观察

目的：观察利培酮用于精神分裂症维持治疗的疗效及安全性。方法：将康复期精神分裂症患者36例以利培酮维持治疗（利培酮组）,氯丙嗪维持治疗36例作为对照（氯丙嗪组）。观察6个月。应用阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）及临床疗效总评量表（CGI）评定疗效,同时采用副反应量表（TESS）评定安全性。结果：治疗6个月后两组PANSS总分及各因子分均有显著下降,利培酮组阴性症状评分显著低于氯丙嗪组,不良反应显著较少。结论：利培酮可在精神分裂症维持治疗中应用。     

利培酮、氯氮平维持治疗精神分裂症患者生活质量的对照观察

目的　比较利培酮与氯氮平治疗对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法　随机抽取 30例服用利培酮、30例服用氯氮平的精神分裂症患者 ,出院 3个月时用生活质量综合评定问卷 (GQOLI)评估患者的生活质量 ,用阳性症状和阴性症状量表 (PANSS)、不良反应量表 (TESS)评定疗效与副反应。结果　利培酮组GQOLI评分显著高于氯氮平组 (P <0 .0 1) ,TESS评分显著低于氯氮平组 (P <0 .0 1) ,PANSS评分两组差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　利培酮和氯氮平相比 ,更能提高患者的生活质量 ,在维持治疗方面具有明显的优势     

奎硫平与氯丙嗪对精神分裂症患者疗效及生活质量影响的对照研究

目的　探讨奎硫平、氯丙嗪对精神分裂症患者疗效及生活质量的影响。方法　对符合CCMD 2 R精神分裂症诊断标准的患者随机给予奎硫平 (4 0例 )、氯丙嗪 (37例 )治疗 6个月 ,采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)、副反应量表 (TESS)、世界卫生组织编制的生活质量量表 (WHOQOL 10 0 )观察疗效、副反应和生活质量的变化。结果　奎硫平组PANSS总分、阴性症状分低于氯丙嗪组 ,阳性症状分两组间差异无显著性 ,奎硫平组生活质量除精神支柱外均明显改善 ,在生活领域、心理领域、独立性领域、社会关系领域均较氯丙嗪组有显著改善。结论　奎硫平组生活质量优于氯丙嗪组。     

利培酮对精神分裂症患者社会功能的研究

目的:比较利培酮与氯氮平治疗的精神分裂症患者出院后社会功能状况,方法:随机抽取30例服用利培酮,30例服用氯氮平的精神分裂症患者,用阳性症状和阴性症状量表(PANSS), 明精神病评定量表(BPRS),不良反应症状量表(TESS)评定.出院后半年用社会功能缺陷量表(SDSS)评定,并与某些因素进行相关分析及多元逐步回归分析.结果:半年随访发现,服用利培酮的精神分裂症患者在职业工作,婚姻职能,父母职能和社会退缩等社会功能方面明显好于氯氮平,多元逐步回归分析显示,影响社会功能的因素为经济损失多,男性,不能积极参加组织活动,不能与他人和睦相处,BPRS评分高者社会功能差,服用氯氮平的比利培酮差.结论:利培酮和氯氮平相比,治疗的优势主要不在于副反应方面,而在于能较好地改善社会功能.     

利培酮与氯丙嗪对精神分裂症患者社会功能影响的对照研究

目的 比较利培酮与氯丙嗪对精神分裂症患者社会功能的影响。方法随机抽取50例服用利培酮、50例服用氯丙嗪的精神分裂症患者，用阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）、不良反应症状量表（TESS）进行评定，出院半年后用社会功能缺陷量表（SDSS）及社会支持评定量表（SSRS）进行评定，两组分别进行比较。结果利培酮组患者社会功能明显优于氟丙嗪组，而经济因素差、组织活动参与差、与他人相处差及PANSS评分高的患者社会功能差。结论使用利培酮治疗的精神分裂症患者社会功能改善情况明显优于氯丙嗪治疗者。     

利培酮联合认知行为治疗对残留型精神分裂症患者的疗效

目的利培酮联合认知行为治疗对残留型精神分裂症患者的精神病性症状,焦虑抑郁情绪及生活质量的影响。方法选取我院在2014年1月~2016年1月期间收治的60例残留型精神分裂症患者为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,其中对照组患者采用利培酮单药治疗,观察组患者在利培酮治疗的基础上增加认知行为治疗,对比观察两组治疗前后阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS),焦虑自评量表(SAS),抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分及生活质量的变化。结果治疗前两组患者的上述量表评分,组间无明显差异(P0.05);治疗后,观察组患者PANSS评分及阴性症状评分均明显低于对照组,生活质量评分显著高于对照组,SAS及SDS评分均低于对照组评分(P0.05)。结论利培酮联合认知行为治疗对残留型精神分裂症患者的精神病性症状的临床效果显著,且能够更有效改善焦虑抑郁情绪,有助于提升患者的生活质量。     

利培酮与氯氮平对精神分裂症患者生活质量影响的比较

目的 探讨利培酮与氯氮平治疗精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响.方法 对136例精神分裂症患者分别给予利培酮、氯氮平治疗,共8周.用阳性、阴性症状量表(PANSS)、不良反应量表(TESS)、生活质量综合评定问卷(GQOLI)分别评定患者的疗效及生活质量.结果 两组PANSS分值前后均有显著性差异,两组比较,无显著性差异.利培酮组的躯体健康维度、心理健康维度、社会功能维度得分高于氯氮平组,有显著差异(P＜0.01).结论 利培酮和氯氮平对精神分裂症均有显著疗效,利培酮治疗精神分裂症的生活质量优于氯氮平组.     

利培酮与氯丙嗪治疗难治性精神分裂症对照研究

目的：比较利培酮与氯丙嗪治疗难治性精神分裂分裂症的疗效。方法：将符合入组条件的病人随机分为2组,分别服用利培酮或氯丙嗪治疗12周,用阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）和副反应量表（TESS）评定疗效和副反应情况。结果：利培且总有效率为71．4％,明显高于氯丙嗪组42．9％,经统计学处理差异有显著性（P＜0．05）,结论：利培酮对难治性精神分裂症的 疗效优于氯丙嗪,对阴性症状效果更佳。     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Summary of legislation of 1935 of interest to the department of Mental Hygiene

Psychiatric Quarterly -     

Summary of legislation of 1941 of interest to the Department of Mental Hygiene

Psychiatric Quarterly -     

Asymmetry of on- and off-pathways of blue-sensitive cones of the retina of macaques

Macaque retinal ganglion cells whose receptive-field center recieves input from blue-sensitive cones show an overt asymmetry of the frequency of ON-center and OFF-center varieties, an asymmetry not present in ganglion cells whose center receives input from the other two cone types. A similar asymmetry of ON/OFF responses is found in the local electrotetinogram (d-wave) mediated by signals from blue-sensitive cones. ‘Blue-ON-center’ ganglion cells have larger receptive-field centers and shorter conduction latencies than other opponent-color varieties, suggesting an appreciable degree of receptor convergence and presumably large cell bodies. Intracellular stainings of these neurons with Procion Yellow show that they correspond to diffuse stratified (Parasol) ganglion cells whose flat-topped dendritic arborization stratifies in the sclerad half of the inner plexiform layer. In view of the known characteristics of macaque bipolar cells and of the ON/OFF asymmetry, it is proposed that these ganglion cells are postsynaptic to cone-specific flat bipolars possibly mediating sign-inverting synaptic contacts. The results also indicate a reversal, for the blue-cone pathway, of the ON/OFF lamination of the inner plexiform layer that has recently been described in other species.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.