34例创伤性膈肌破裂的早期诊断和外科治疗

目的总结创伤性膈肌破裂（TDR）的早期诊断和外科治疗的临床经验。方法回顾性分析1995年1月-2006年12月我院收治的34例创伤性膈肌破裂（TDR）患者的临床资料，对其发病原因、合并伤、诊断及手术途径分别进行分析。结果34例术前确诊14例，治愈32例，死亡2例。结论早期诊断和积极治疗是救治创伤性膈肌破裂的关键。     

创伤性膈肌破裂14例临床分析

创伤性膈肌破裂(traumatic diaphragmaticrupture,TDR)多由胸腹钝挫伤或穿通伤所致,对伤员危害十分严重,且早期常不易做出诊断而漏诊。作者总结了近10年(1984～1994)来收治的创伤性膈肌破裂14例,并重点分析了创伤性膈肌破裂的早期诊断及漏诊原因。     

创伤性膈肌破裂的诊治体会

分析1982—01--2002—01间76例创伤性膈肌破裂的临床资料。结果提示多种因素的影响造成创伤性膈肌破裂的早期诊断，多种检查方法的综合应用、连续观察是早期诊断创伤性膈肌破裂的关健。治疗上应采用以手术为主的综合治疗方法。     

创伤性膈肌破裂的表现及诊治中值得注意的问题

目的探讨创伤性膈肌破裂(TDR)的表现及诊治中值得注意问题。方法笔者回顾性分析1980年1月~2015年1月收治TDR 54例的临床资料,男性43例,女性11例;年龄7~68岁,平均(36±16.2)岁。左侧膈肌破裂48例,右侧6例。开放性、闭合性膈肌破裂膈疝发生率各为10.0%(1/10)和90.9%(40/44)(P0.01)。结果患者伤后或入院24h内未能确诊31例占57.4%,院内、外延误诊断率各为14.8(8/54)%和42.6%(23/54)(P0.01);X线、CT、B超对膈疝的检出率各为51.4%(19/37)、87.5%(28/32)和56.3%(9/16),其中23例经2种以上检查手段确诊,CT组与X线、B超组比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);41例膈疝术中证实均难自行还纳,其中29.3%与胸腔形成粘连,9例因疝入脏器破裂或绞窄、坏死行手术修补或切除。本组治愈51例(94.4%),因创伤性休克、重型颅脑损伤合并多器官功能衰竭死亡3例(5.6%),其ISS平均值为42.4分。结论伤后出现胸腹双腔症/症候群和膈疝影像学特征是诊断TDR的主要依据,早期诊断、合理选择手术方法、积极处理合并伤是临床关注的重点。     

创伤性膈肌破裂的早期诊断及治疗

目的 探讨创伤性膈肌破裂(traumatic diaphragmatic rupture,TDR)的早期诊断及治疗.方法 回顾分析了2003年6月～2007年1月创伤中心收治的26例TDR病例资料.本组平均ISS为(20.5±9.2)分;左侧TDR 24例(92.3%);右侧TDR 2例(7.7%);21例伴有胸、腹腔脏器损伤,20例伴膈疝形成;23例术前有影像学检查(胸腹部X片、CT)结果.26例均行急诊手术治疗.结果 TDR患者男性明显多于女性(P＜0.01);左侧TDR发生率高于右侧(P＜0.01);影像学检查对TDR诊断符合率为85.0%.TDR术前诊断率88.5%.26例全部治愈,无并发症发生.结论 对严重胸腹伤患者,应重视TDR发生,早期诊断依据对本病的警惕,结合病史、体格检查及影像学结果进行综合分析;在保证病人生命安全的情况下,适时掌握TDR的手术时机,正确选择处理顺序、手术入路和修补方式,能提高救治成功率和降低并发症发生率.     

45例创伤性膈肌破裂的临床诊治

创伤性膈肌损伤的早期诊断和治疗方法存在争论，而早期诊断创伤性膈肌损伤仍然较为困难。遗漏创伤性膈肌损伤将导致疝，严重者易发生疝嵌顿、坏死等严重后果。我院自1997年1月至2005年9月共收治创伤性膈肌破裂45例。现分析报告如下。     

创伤性膈肌破裂的诊断与治疗(附20例分析)

目的:探讨创伤性膈肌破裂与膈疝的诊断与治疗.方法:对该院收治的20例创伤性膈肌破裂进行回顾性分析.结果:20例中开放性损伤7例,闭合性损伤13例,17例合并膈疝,X线检查10例有阳性表现,6例行胸部CT检查均为阳性,术前确诊16例,术中确诊4例,治愈19例(95%),死亡1例(5%).结论:X线和CT检查是诊断膈肌破裂和创伤性膈疝的主要依据,胸腹联合伤应警惕创伤性膈肌的损伤,应注意受伤的原因、体位、及外力作用的方向,早诊断,及时手术是提高治愈率、降低死亡率的关键.     

创伤性膈肌破裂与膈疝的救治

创伤性膈肌破裂（traumatic diaphragnmtic rupture，TDR）是一种特殊类型的损伤，因其伤情的隐蔽性和复杂性，进展迅速，并发症较多，漏诊也时有发生，死亡率较高，均给临床救治带来一定的困难，早期的正确诊断和及时处理十分重要。我院自1988年4月至2005年12月收治创伤性膈肌破裂患者35例。现总结救治体会报告如下。     

儿童膈肌破裂的诊断及外科治疗

回顾分析1980～2002年治疗18例儿童膈肌破裂的临床资料,探讨儿童膈肌破裂的特点、早期诊断及外科治疗方法。     

48例创伤性膈肌破裂的诊治体会

目的　探讨创伤性膈肌破裂的诊断与治疗。方法　对我院 1976年 6月～ 2 0 0 3年 2月收治的创伤性膈肌破裂病人进行了回顾性分析。结果　本组病人的临床表现复杂 ,大多数缺乏特征性征象。 4 8例中术前明确诊断的仅 2 0例 ,确诊率 4 1.7%。全组死亡 2例 ,死亡率 4 .2 %。结论　创伤性膈肌破裂多数为左侧 ,主要损伤机制是刃器伤和钝性伤。根据症状、体征 ,结合胸部X线、上消化道造影、CT、人工气腹等检查 ,能提高诊断率 ;膈肌破裂一经确诊 ,应手术治疗 ;根据胸、腹脏器损伤的情况 ,选用手术切口     

Pictorial essay. Roentgenologic appearance of traumatic diaphragmatic rupture

The difficulties in recognizing a diaphragmatic rupture are well known and mostly due to a lack of typical clinical findings and an aspecific chest X-ray. This paper gives a brief review of the radiological techniques which can be helpful in the early diagnosis of traumatic rupture of the diaphragm.     

创伤性膈疝24例临床分析

目的探讨创伤性膈疝的诊断及治疗方法。方法回顾性分析24例创伤性膈疝患者的致伤原因及诊断、治疗过程。结果 24例创伤性膈疝患者均行手术治疗,治愈22例,死亡2例,治愈率91.7%。结论对胸腹部创伤患者详细询问受伤情况,全面体格检查,根据X线、CT和临床特点多能得到早期诊断,及时手术治疗是提高治愈率的关键。     

Imaging of diaphragmatic rupture after trauma

Traumatic rupture of the diaphragm usually results from blunt or penetrating injuries, or iatrogenic causes. Most cases are initially overlooked in the acute phase because they present with variable clinical and radiological signs. An overlooked diaphragmatic injury presents as a hernia many years later with potentially serious complications, therefore selection of the most appropriate radiological technique and accurate diagnosis of traumatic diaphragmatic hernias (DH) on the first admission is important. Although the diagnosis of diaphragmatic injuries is problematic, various investigations may be used for diagnosis. We describe the imaging findings of 19 traumatic DH cases with various imaging techniques. The patients were acute trauma cases or cases with prior trauma or thoraco-abdominal surgery with clinical suspicion of DH. An evaluation of the imaging techniques used in the diagnosis of DH is presented.     

CT增强扫描对外伤性脾破裂的诊断价值

目的　探讨CT增强扫描在外伤性脾破裂诊断中的应用价值。方法　对 34例经手术证实为外伤性脾破裂患者的CT平扫及增强扫描表现进行回顾性分析。结果　34例患者中,手术前CT平扫能肯定脾破裂诊断的 23例、可疑脾破裂诊断的 6例、未见异常的 5例(敏感性 85. 3%、特异性 67. 6% );对以上所有患者行CT增强扫描后,全部患者均能确诊为脾破裂(敏感性 100%、特异性 100% )。结论　增强扫描在外伤性脾破裂的CT诊断中非常重要,它能够明显提高诊断准确率,为临床治疗提供可靠依据。     

CT"内脏依靠征"对创伤性横膈破裂的诊断价值

目的：描述CT“内脏依靠征“,评价该征在腹部钝性外伤后横膈破裂的诊断价值。材料和方法：对10例经手术证实的外伤性膈疝病人的CT检查资料进行回顾性分析,评价“内脏依靠征“的诊断价值。结晶：依据“内脏依靠征“,CT明确诊断横膈破裂右侧3例,左侧6例,1例右侧破裂漏诊,总诊断准确率90％。结论：“内脏依靠征“很好地显示了横膈破裂的特征,有助于提高CT对腹部钝性外伤后横膈破裂的诊断准确率。     

钝性与穿透性膈肌损伤临床比较研究

膈肌损伤约占创伤的5%～7%,由于腹部钝性暴力使腹内压瞬间急剧升高,下胸肋骨对膈肌的机械作用,以及穿透伤时锐器的直接损伤导致膈肌破裂,分为钝性与穿透性膈肌损伤.其早期诊断面临巨大挑战,而且其并发症和病死率高.手术前难以做准确诊断,成功处理有赖于对临床高度可疑者进行仔细的胸部X线、CT检查和尽早的手术探查.由于膈肌损伤机制不同,各有其临床特点和处理上的特殊性,本文就穿透性和钝性膈肌损伤的临床处理研究进展做一比较讨论,以期进一步提高膈肌损伤的救治水平.     

Diaphragmatic rupture due to blunt trauma: sensitivity of plain chest radiographs

Preoperative diagnosis of diaphragmatic rupture caused by blunt injury is often difficult because of serious concurrent injuries, a lack of specific clinical signs, and simultaneous lung disease that may mask or mimic the diagnosis radiologically. Previous reports have suggested that a preoperative diagnosis is established on the basis of chest radiographs in only one third of patients. In order to assess the value of chest radiographs and other imaging techniques in diagnosing traumatic rupture of the diaphragm, we retrospectively reviewed all preoperative diagnostic imaging performed in 50 patients with surgically proved hemidiaphragmatic rupture due to blunt trauma. Chest radiographs were diagnostic in 20 (46%) of 44 patients with left-sided rupture and were considered suspicious enough to warrant further diagnostic studies in an additional eight patients (18%). Five patients with initially normal findings on chest radiographs had diagnostic findings on delayed chest radiographs. Chest radiographs were strongly suggestive in only one (17%) of six patients with right-sided hemidiaphragmatic rupture. CT was diagnostic for diaphragmatic rupture in only one (14%) of seven instances in which it was performed. MR was diagnostic in both patients in whom it was performed. Our experience indicates that chest radiographs obtained at admission and repeated soon after are more valuable in suggesting the diagnosis of traumatic rupture of the diaphragm than previously reported, particularly in the more frequent, left-sided injuries. This increased sensitivity may be due to a greater level of suspicion maintained in a trauma referral center in which this injury is not uncommon.