居民自感健康与心理健康一致性分析

目的：对威海市居民的自感健康和心理健康进行调查并对其影响因素进行分析。方法：采用编制的健康状况调查表以及选用相关心理量表，调查了威海市20409名城乡居民，此外还收集了威海市的统计年鉴和卫生统计年鉴资料。资料用FoxPro建立数据库，运用SPSS13．0软件进行统计分析。结果：不同性别、年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、职业、家庭类型与家庭生活人群之间，其自感健康和心理健康的一致性存在显著性差异（P〈0．01）结论：影响自感健康和心理健康的因素是多方面的，二者与其一致性之间存在相关性。     

农村社会经济发展与农民自感健康问题探析

以经济转型时期农村社会、经济、文化发展现状为背景,浅析了农民的自感健康现状及自感健康的重要性,并探析了各种社会因素对自感健康的影响途径和作用方式,为改善当前农民的自感健康现状提供了一些政策建议。     

农村居民自感健康状况及影响因素分析

目的 了解15岁～农村居民自感健康状况及其影响因素.方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法抽取样本.利用自制调查问卷和Kessler10量表进行访谈式调查.结果 不同性别、年龄、婚姻状况以及受教育程度人群之间,其自感健康状况差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);自感健康与客观健康、心理健康状况相一致,且受性格类型等心理自评状况的影响.结论 自感健康状况受性别、年龄、婚姻状况及教育程度影响,应加强心理卫生保健,提高农村居民健康水平和生活质量.     

威海市农民工心理健康状况及影响因素分析

目的 了解山东省威海市农民工心理健康状况及其影响因素.方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法取样本,利用自制调查问卷和凯斯勒量表(Kessler10,K10)对其心理健康状况进行访谈式调查,采用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计分析.结果 (1)调查农民工2457人,其中K10分值总体分布为(12.8±5.25)分,19.0%农民工心理健康状况相对较差;(2)单因素和多因分析结果显示,高年龄组,2周内患病、性格内向、无知心朋友、自感消极、感觉有压力、失眠、自感健康差等农民工心理健康影响因素.结论 农民工的心理健康主要受躯体健康因素、心理相关自评因素、自感健康状况和睡眠状况等影响,约1/5的农民工心理健康状况高于临界值.     

农村居民生活满意度及影响因素分析

目的 了解农村居民生活满意度及其影响因素.方法 按照分层随机抽样的方法抽取内蒙古自治区通辽市、安徽省巢湖市和山东省济南市农民1 443名,利用自制调查问卷进行调查;采用SPSS 15.0软件对生活满意度进行单因素分析和多项式Logistic回归分析.结果 农村居民对生活很满意和满意的比例合计为69.01%,农村居民生活满意度的影响因素有婚姻、文化程度、自感健康状况、家庭收入、性格和人生态度.结论 改善农民的身体健康和心理健康状况,增加农民的收入,对提高农民的生活满意度有重要意义.     

新型合作医疗对农村老年人门诊服务利用及影响因素研究

利用2002年和2004年东营市卫生服务调查资料．分析了农村老年人门诊服务利用及影响因素。分析结果表明：①农村老年人收入水平较低．医药费支出较高；②97．2％的老年人享受新型合作医疗，社会医疗保险和商业保险仅覆盖2．3％的老年人；③两周就诊率为20．4％。两周患病未就诊率平均为24．5％；④患病未就诊前三位原因是自感病情、经济困难和无有效治疗措施；⑤影响老年人就诊率的主要因素为年龄、职业状况、就诊距离及健康状况。因此，在实施新型农村合作医疗制度实施中，应争取多方筹资，建立老年医疗救助制度，增加卫生服务公平性，提高农村基层技术人员的技术水平。     

社会资本对天津社区老年人自感健康状况的影响研究

目的基于社会资本理论测量天津社区老年人的社会经济状况,探讨社会资本与老年人自感健康状况的关系。方法调查天津市288位60周岁以上的老年人,对其资料进行统计分析。结果老年人自感健康状况为好、中和差的分别为87人(30.2%)、106人(36.8%)和95人(33.0%)。有序多分类logistic回归显示:社会资本因素中的社会信任程度和社会参与程度对老年人自感健康状况有影响。结论开展老年人文化、保健、心理等方面的社区教育活动,引导内向的老年人参与到活动中,加大老年人的社区归属感等是提高老年人自感健康程度的参考措施。     

我市农村健康教育现状分析

忻州市位于山西省的中北部，全市总人口301．9万人，其中农民206.92万人，占68.5％。农村的卫生问题，始终是卫生工作的重点和难点，农民的健康是建设社会主义新农村、培养新型农民的必要条件。随着经济和社会的发展，我市农村居民健康状况大幅度改善，87．6％的农民参加了农村合作医疗，农村人口平均期望寿命从1949年36．0岁上升到2000年的72．0岁，农村婴儿死亡率由1949年200．0‰下降为2006年的24．6‰，孕产妇死亡率从1500／10万下降到58／10万。     

人口老化的卫生经济学研究（三）老年人的生活方式及健康状况分析

本文对老年人的生活方式及对自感健康状况影响因素进行了分析。老年人中吸烟比例为１５．４％，男性（２８．３％）明显高于女性（６．０％）。老年人饮酒的比例为１５．９％。８６．６％的老年人进行自我保健，主要方式为保持有规律的生活节奏和控制饮食。在对老年人自感健康状况的影响因素分析时发现：患有慢性病的种类、是否参加体育锻炼、年龄、性别、月均收入及子女是否孝敬等均有影响。通过分析，本文提出了对社区老年人预防保健的建议以及一些可行的措施。     

农村糖尿病患者自感效能与自我管理水平关系研究

关于农村糖尿病群体自感效能和自我管理行为的研究不多,自感效能是否会影响我国农村糖尿病自我管理行为水平值得进一步探讨。文章对浙江农村272名糖尿病患者开展现场调查,采用糖尿病自我保健量表、糖尿病自感效能量表调查糖尿病患者的自我管理与自感效能水平,并采用线性回归的统计学方法分析两者的关系。结果表明,自感效能得分在简单线性相关、多因素回归中,与自我保健量表总得分都存在着显著的统计学差异（r=0．376,P〈0．01;t=6．14,P〈0．01）。因此文章认为,自感效能在社会经济状况较差的糖尿病群体中,依然能扮演着重要的角色,并在很大程度上影响着这部分群体的自我保健行为。     

某村293名农民健康状况的调查

目的了解农民健康状况，为有针对性地开展农民健康促进工作提供依据。方法采取自测健康评定量表（Selfrated Health Measurement Scale Version 1．0，SRHMS）对某贫困村293名农民进行测评。结果男性农民SRHMS量表得分均高于女性；农民SRHMS量表得分随着年龄、工龄的增长而有所下降，随着文化程度、经济状况的提高而有所增加；农民SRHMS量表得分随着未婚、已婚、其他（离婚、丧偶）的顺序而逐渐下降。结论职业有害因素、婚姻状况、经济状况等因素对贫困村农民生理、心理和社会健康均存在一定影响.     

农村更年期女性心理健康及相关研究

目的:了解更年期女性心理健康状况及其与社会支持、个性特质的关系,为提高更年期女性的心理健康水平提供参考。方法:采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、社会支持量表和艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)对317名农村更年期女性进行无记名测试。结果:农村更年期女性心理健康状况较差。回归分析显示:个性特质对心理健康有17.1%的预测作用,社会支持对心理健康有23.9%的预测作用。结论:农村更年期女性的心理健康水平亟待提高。     

The Combined Influence of Psychosocial Factors on Illness Behavior Among Women

Distinctions in illness behavior for women, such as use of health services, may result from gender-specific biological risks for disease but could also be explained by the relationships among social, psychological, and behavioral factors. The purpose of this study was to determine if illness behavior in women might be related to associations among social support satisfaction, perceived health status, coping skills, and perceived stress. Data were collected November–December 2005 from 205 female college students through self-report using questionnaires. Structural equation modeling was used to test relationships among psychosocial factors. The final model revealed associations between psychosocial factors and illness behavior for women along two paths. First, high perceived stress and poor perceived health status were associated with more reported illness behavior. Second, greater use of total coping skills, greater social support satisfaction, and good perceived health status were associated with less reported illness behavior. Consideration of multiple health-related factors may provide a more complete picture of how psychosocial factors are related to illness behavior for women. Specifically, interactions among stress, coping, social support, and perceived health status may be important to women’s health. Our results suggest that interventions should focus on skill-building and strategies to improve self-perception of health.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下护士心理健康与领悟社会支持和应对方式的相关性分析

目的 调查新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎)疫情下护理人员的心理健康状况,分析心理健康与领悟社会支持和应对方式之间的关系。 方法 采用一般人口学资料调查表、简易心理状况评定量表、领悟社会支持量表以及简易应对方式量表对新型冠状病毒肺炎某三甲定点收治医院的845例护士进行调查分析。 结果 疫情期间845例护理人员的心理健康得分为(19.4±7.6)分,超过1/3的护士心理状况差。与年龄≥41岁的护理人员相比,年龄在31~35岁的护理人员心理状况差的检出率更高;本科及以上学历、高危环境工作、亲友当中有或不确定是否有疑似或确诊患者、不确定是否接触疑似或确诊患者的护理人员心理状况差的检出率更高;工作≥16年、自身健康状况评价好、对医院职业安全防护评价非常完善的护理人员心理状况差的检出率更低。护理人员心理健康总分与朋友支持、家庭支持、其他支持及积极应对方式得分呈负相关(r=-0.30、-0.31、-0.31、-0.38,均 P<0.01),与消极应对方式呈正相关(r=0.28,P<0.01);积极应对方式、消极应对方式在领悟社会支持和心理健康之间有部分中介作用,分别占总效应的37.1%和8.6%。 结论 疫情期间护理人员的心理健康状况不容乐观,领悟社会支持对心理健康有直接和间接的预测作用,应对方式在领悟社会支持和心理健康之间有部分中介作用。     

机车乘务员心理健康状况及其影响因素研究

目的：调查乘务员的心理健康状况及其影响因素。方法：采用症状自评量表、防御方式问卷、生活事件量表、社会支持评定量表定式问卷,对430名机车乘务员心理健康水平及其影响因素进行分析。结果：乘务员SCL－90测试结果：总分和9项因子分均高于国内常模,以躯体化、强迫症状两项因子分最高。多元回归分析提示,与SCL－90总分的相关程度,依次为不成熟防御机制、主观社会支持和生活事件。其中主观社会支持与SCL－90总分呈负相关。结论：影响机车乘务员心理健康的主要原因是生活事件因素和不成熟防御机制,主观社会支持能够对机务乘务员心理健康提供保护。     

Stress and social support in relation to psychological distress in community-residing elderly persons in Montreal]

Our aim was to quantify the degree of association that selected psycho-social and health variables have with psychological distress in the elderly. In order to estimate the level of association, data previously obtained from the "Enquêre Santé Québec" (1987) were entered into a multiple regression analysis with psychological distress as the dependent variable. The independent variables retained were: age, sex, language, physical health, functional health, health status perception, social integration, perceived social support and stress. The scores contained in the data bank were from a representative sample of subjects (n = 361, age = 72.7 +/- 6.3) living in the Montreal area. The results of the regression analysis indicated that psychological distress is significantly related (adjusted R2 = 0.256; p = .000) to the following variables: the interaction "stress events X perceived social support", physical health, functional health and sex. The results of the present study consequently support previous reports relating psychological distress to physical health, social support, stress and sex with a predominant effect on women. Finally, the results give further support to the "buffering effect" of social support on stress.     

Stress Among Migrant and Seasonal Farmworkers in Rural Southeast North Carolina

ABSTRACT: Context: Although funding to enhance the delivery of health care among migrant farmworkers has primarily focused on urgent care issues within this population, the etiology of mental health risks and perceived stress is poorly understood. Purpose: To identify the type and severity of stress perceived by migrant and seasonal farmworkers in rural southeast North Carolina. Methods: During the pre-agricultural season in 2002, 151 migrant and seasonal farmworkers completed the 39-item Migrant Farmworker Stress Inventory (MFWSI) in either English or Spanish. Findings: Fifty-one percent (n = 77) of the respondents perceived themselves at a high level of stress (mean score above 80 of "caseness") that may subsequently put them at greater risk for experiencing psychological difficulties. The stressors highly ranked (mean.2.5 in a maximum of 4, with "extremely stressful" in a 5-point Likert scale 0 to 4) were related to their mobile lifestyle, language barriers, insecure job and legal status, financial restraint, and long working hours. Also, drug and alcohol use in the migrant community was found to be one of the significant sources of stressors. Variables influencing high levels of stress include education, social support, religion, marital status, and age. Despite a relatively high level of perceived stress, the majority of respondents (71.5%) viewed their physical health as either "good" or "excellent." Conclusions: Findings from the study suggest the availability of social support systems may provide significant insight into developing appropriate health services for migrant and seasonal farmworkers and their families.     

Health effects of unemployment--I. Long-term unemployed men in a rural and an urban setting.

Between 1983 and 1987 in an urban and a rural Dutch area employed and long-term unemployed men, between 30 and 50 years old, have been interviewed. The main topics of the study were the independent health effects of unemployment, the factors related to these health effects and socio-cultural differences. Long-term unemployment is considered to be a social phenomenon that restructures individual's social positions into multiple deprived positions. The characteristics of this restructuring are a relative lack of socio-structural resources, low social participation and emotional problems. Independent effects on the health status (perceived somatic and depressive complaints and self reported chronic disease) have been found to exist among both the rural and the urban unemployed. There is no clear effect of unemployment on health care use, but regional differences in health care use among rural and urban unemployed have been found. Between the urban and rural unemployed there are more similarities than differences in the factors and models explaining ill-health. The most important factors are: loneliness, disadvantageous consequences of unemployment, money worries and ill-health prior to job loss (health selection at the labour market). One important difference is that among the urban unemployed the perceived size of the network is an explanatory factor, but among the rural unemployed perceived stigmatization is more important. In general, ill-health can be better explained for the rural unemployed than for the urban unemployed.     

The Disconnect Between Perceptions of Health and Measures of Health in a Rural Appalachian Sample: Implications for Public Health Social Workers

This study compared perceived and objective health status among a population with elevated risk of chronic disease in rural, Appalachian Kentucky, in order to inform the practice efforts of public health social workers. Cross-sectional data were collected from a sample of 203 adults recruited through a mailed invitation. The participants ranged in age from 20 to 93 (M = 50.8, SD = 13.5), 115 (56.7%) and nearly all were Caucasian, reflecting the demographic composition of the population of the area. Although 75% of the study population was overweight or obese, over 60% perceived their health status as good, very good, or excellent. Less than half reported engaging in physical exercise, and only 25% reported eating at most one serving of fruits or vegetables in the past week. The results suggest clear discrepancies between perceived health status and objective indicators of health risks in the study sample. Public health social workers who provide health education and advocacy for this population will need to consider these discrepancies when developing practice approaches for individuals residing in this and other similar communities.     

The disconnect between perceptions of health and measures of health in a rural appalachian sample: implications for public health social workers

This study compared perceived and objective health status among a population with elevated risk of chronic disease in rural, Appalachian Kentucky, in order to inform the practice efforts of public health social workers. Cross-sectional data were collected from a sample of 203 adults recruited through a mailed invitation. The participants ranged in age from 20 to 93 (M = 50.8, SD = 13.5), 115 (56.7%) and nearly all were Caucasian, reflecting the demographic composition of the population of the area. Although 75% of the study population was overweight or obese, over 60% perceived their health status as good, very good, or excellent. Less than half reported engaging in physical exercise, and only 25% reported eating at most one serving of fruits or vegetables in the past week. The results suggest clear discrepancies between perceived health status and objective indicators of health risks in the study sample. Public health social workers who provide health education and advocacy for this population will need to consider these discrepancies when developing practice approaches for individuals residing in this and other similar communities.