Ⅰ、Ⅱ期鼻咽癌外照射加腔内放疗远期疗效的前瞻性研究

背景与目的:近距离放疗的空间剂量分布和外照射明显不同,两者联合使用可以优势互补,提高剂量分布的适形度.本研究旨在探讨Ⅰ、Ⅱ期鼻咽癌患者采用单纯外照射放疗与外照射加腔内联合放疗的长期疗效差异.方法:将321例Ⅰ、Ⅱ期鼻咽癌患者,随机分为单纯外照射组223例,外照射加腔内联合放疗组98例;单纯外照射组采用低熔点铅挡块不规则野照射,常规方法照射,常规分割,总剂量为66～74 Gy;联合放疗组采用同样的外照射方法,总剂量给与58～62 Gy,接着给予15～20 Gy腔内近距离放疗.结果:经过5年的随访,单纯外照射组鼻咽复发16例,死亡35例,Ⅰ、Ⅱ期鼻咽癌患者的5年生存率分别为90.63%和80.82%(P=O.018);联合照射组鼻咽复发1例,死亡6例,Ⅰ、Ⅱ期鼻咽癌的5年生存率分别为95.24%和93.36%(P=0.025).口干和张口困难的不良反应以联合照射组较轻.结论:Ⅰ、Ⅱ期鼻咽癌患者采用外照射加腔内放疗相对单纯外照射有较好的疗效并可减轻不良反应.     

鼻咽癌局部复发适形成疗近期疗效分析

目的：采用适形放疗提高鼻咽癌局部复发的治疗效果,探讨最佳剂量分割方法。方法：1997年9月至2000年2月对41例鼻咽癌局部复发病人行适形放疗。27例常规外照射39Gy,在3周内分30次完成后进行低分割适形放疗,80%等剂量线4～75Gy/次,总量20～24Gy,分4次在2周内完成;14例全程超分割适形放疗,90%等剂量线59.8Gy,4.6周内分46分完成。结果：适形放疗的等剂量线分布在三维方向上与靶区适形。急性放射性粘膜炎、后组颅神经损伤、张口困难两组相似,低分割组22%鼻咽粘膜坏死,3.7%视神经损伤。超分割组无鼻咽粘膜坏死、视神经损伤。两组治疗有效率均达93%。结论：鼻咽癌局部复发病人采用超分割适形放疗取得满意的近期效果,低分割适形放疗不宜采用。     

鼻咽癌放射治疗临床病理资料回顾性分析

目的:探讨分析鼻咽癌外照射结合腔内近距离放疗的疗效.方法:回顾性分析1997-01-2002-10我院171例鼻咽癌患者经60Co外照射后给予鼻咽局部192Ir高剂量率近距离放疗的临床资料.结果:171例5年生存率为72.88%;Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ期5年生存率分别为100.0%、86.75%和64.45%,P=0.000 8;外照射后鼻咽局部无残留108例,5年生存率为82.24%;残留63例,5年生存率为63.53%,P=0.026 2.鼻咽近距离剂量≥8 Gy,长期生存率影响明显;未出现软腭穿孔、鼻咽大出血、蝶骨坏死严重放疗并发症.结论:外照射后对鼻咽近距离照射,局部控制率提高,提高生存率;对鼻咽癌外照射残留近距离放疗,疗效比较肯定;增加鼻咽局部近距离剂量,对长期生存率影响明显.     

外照射加腔内近距离放射治疗鼻咽癌的临床观察

我院放疗科自1992年4月～1994年4月外照射加腔内距离放射治疗鼻咽癌70例,均经病理证实。首程治疗60例,鼻咽复发癌再程治疗10例。本组(结合组)与同期单纯外照射组的1、2、3年生存率没有明显统计学差异。两组中的鼻咽复发癌再程放疗的1、2、3年生存情况亦没有明显统计学差异。放疗后复发情况:结合组的鼻咽腔内复发率明显低于单纯外照射组,但其颅底与咽旁间隙的复发率,两组没有明显差异。采用腔内近距离放疗病人的鼻咽粘膜反应较单纯外照射重,鼻咽复发癌腔内放疗后易出现鼻咽出血。给我们的提示是:对鼻咽腔周围病变,外照射致局部控制没有把握时,不宜盲目行腔内近距离放疗。一般情况下,腔内近距离放疗只是腔内加量放疗,做为外照射的补充治疗,剂量不宜过高。     

鼻咽癌外照射加腔内近距离超分割推量照射的远期疗效分析

背景与目的:鼻咽癌的后装治疗一般采用鼻咽腔内治疗的方法进行推量照射,适用于局部早期鼻咽癌.福建省肿瘤医院率先开展鼻咽旁插植技术,无颅底破坏的局部晚期鼻咽癌采用后装治疗推量照射.本文分析腔内后装推量照射的远期疗效,探讨常规外照射的合适剂量配合后程超分割后装推量照射的临床价值.方法:1998年1月～2002年12月体外照射加腔内后装超分割推量放射治疗鼻咽癌患者352例,体外常规放射治疗50～70 Gy后进行腔内近距离超分割推量照射,外照射后咽旁间隙肿瘤残留者配合咽旁区插植放疗.采用个体化鼻咽腔内施源器,超分割照射每次2.5～3.0 Gy,2次/天,间隔6 h,总剂量5～32 Gy,中位剂量17 Gy.结果:本组l、2、3、5年生存率分别为97.0%、91.3%、87.6%、84.7%.总体5年生存率Ⅰ、Ⅱ期88.2%,Ⅲ、Ⅳ期79.2%(log-rank检验,P=0.016);总体局控率Ⅰ、Ⅱ期94.1%,Ⅲ、Ⅳ期91.7%(log-rank检验,P＞0.05).后组颅神经损伤32例(9.4%).结论:鼻咽腔内后装联合咽旁间隙捅植近距离放射治疗鼻咽癌取得良好的局控率和生存率,局部晚期鼻咽癌取得与早期鼻咽癌类似的局控率,咽旁间隙受累者咽旁插植增加颈动脉鞘区照射剂量,后组颅神经损伤发生率较高.     

鼻咽癌局部复发适形放疗近期疗效分析

目的：采用适形放疗提高鼻咽癌局部复发的治疗效果,探讨最佳剂量分割方法。方法：1997年9月至2000年2月对41例鼻咽癌局部复发病人行适形放疗。27例常规外照射39Gy,在3周内分30次完成后进行低分割适形放疗,80％等剂量线4～7Gy/次,总量20～24Gy,分4次在2周内完成;14例全程超分割适形放疗,90％等剂量线59.8Gy,4.6周内分46次完成。结果：适形放疗的等剂量线分布在三维方向上与靶区适形。急性放射性粘膜炎、后组颅神经损伤、张口困难两组相似,低分割组22％鼻咽粘膜坏死,3.7％视神经损伤。超分割组无鼻咽粘膜坏死、视神经损伤。两组治疗有效率均达93％。结论：鼻咽癌局部复发病人采用超分割适形放疗取得满意的近期效果,低分割适形放疗不宜采用。     

鼻咽癌外照射加腔内放疗的疗效观察

目的 探讨腔内放疗对鼻咽癌外照射后鼻咽腔内未消退病灶的治疗效果.方法 对78例鼻咽癌外照射后(66～74 Gy)鼻咽腔内未消退病灶行高剂量率近距离放疗,外照射结束后休息5～7 d进行鼻咽近距离后装治疗,单次剂量6～8 Gy,总剂量12～16Gy/2次.结果 CR 76例,PR 2例,中位随访期17个月,无严重毒副反应发生,口干和张u困难较轻.结论 采用外照射加腔内放疗是控制鼻咽癌外照射后未消退病灶的有效治疗方法,并可减轻毒副反应.     

早中期鼻咽癌外照射联合腔内放疗长期疗效的前瞻性研究

[目的]探讨Ⅰ、Ⅱ期鼻咽癌患者采用单纯外照射放疗与外照射加腔内联合放疗的长期疗效。[方法]前瞻性研究453例Ⅰ、Ⅱ期鼻咽癌患者,随机分为单纯外照射组297例,联合照射组156例;单纯外照射组采用低熔点铅挡块不规则野照射,常规照射,常规分割,总剂量为66～74Gy;联合照射组采用同样的外照射方法,总剂量给予58～62Gy,并给予15～20Gy腔内近距离放疗。[结果]单纯外照射组和联合照射组的5年鼻咽局控率分别为Ⅰ期92.86%、96.43%（P=0.35）,Ⅱ期89.02%、94.53%（P=0.01）;5年总生存率分别为Ⅰ期88.10%、92.86%（P=0.27）,Ⅱ期81.18%、90.63%（P=0.03）。口干和张口困难的毒副反应联合照射组比单纯外照射组轻。[结论]Ⅰ、Ⅱ期鼻咽癌患者采用常规外照射联合腔内放疗相对单纯常规放疗有较好的疗效,并可减轻毒副反应。     

高剂置率近距离放射治疗鼻咽癌的近期临床观察

本文报告48例采用外照射加腔内后装治疗鼻咽癌患者.其中计划性内、外照射29例,外照射未控补加腔内治疗9例,外照射放疗后鼻咽局部复发10例、腔内治疗使用~192Lr放射源,外照射总量5000~8500cGy.腔内治疗每次参考点剂量500~l000cG,总量1500~2500cGy.总鼻咽局部控制率91.7%.高于单纯外照射.为顽固性鼻咽癌的治疗提供了新方法.     

原发灶复发性鼻咽癌治疗的探讨

目的　评价常规放疗、低溶点铅挡块 后装治疗、三维适形放疗 3种方法对复发性鼻咽癌的分期、复发时间及后遗症的影响。方法　 84例复发性鼻咽癌患者分为 3组 ,第 1组为 1992年分期的T3、T4期患者 ,行常规外照射 ,DT 66～ 78Gy ;第 2组为T1、T2期患者 ,常规外照射 5 0～ 65Gy后 ,鼻咽腔内近距离治疗补充 10～ 2 0Gy。第 3组 6例 ,全为T3、T4期患者 ,行三维适形放疗。结果　第 1组、第 2组的 1、2、3年生存率分别为 :5 1.2 %、41.8%、18.6%和 68.6%、62 .9%、40 %,放射性脑病和张口受限发生率分别为 :18.6%、5 5 .8%和 2 .8%、2 8.5 %。第 3组 1年生存率为 83 .3 %,张口受限发生率 16.6%,无放射性脑病病例。结论　分期及复发时间对复发性鼻咽癌生存率有影响 ,低溶点铅挡块 后装治疗、三维适形放疗可减少放射性脑病、张口受限发生率     

局部晚期鼻咽癌局部残留后程推量放疗研究进展

鼻咽癌是中国南方高发的头颈部恶性肿瘤,局部复发是局部晚期鼻咽癌主要失败模式之一。局部晚期鼻咽癌在接受根治性放疗后,残留病灶的后程推量放疗存在争议。在以新辅助化疗+同步放化疗为主流的局部晚期鼻咽癌现代治疗模式下,对于经过病理或影像学确诊为局部残留的晚期鼻咽癌患者,放射治疗后程是否进行推量放疗、推量时机、推量方式、剂量等尚未达成共识。如何准确判断是否残留,如何精确勾画推量靶区,采用何种剂量分割可最大限度提高肿瘤的局部控制,是鼻咽癌临床研究需要继续关注的方向。     

局部晚期鼻咽癌放疗与化疗联合治疗进展

鼻咽癌(NPC)是常见的头颈部恶性肿瘤之一,放疗是NPC的主要治疗方法。化疗策略(诱导、同期、辅助)在放疗中的综合应用提高了局部晚期NPC的疗效。目前同期放化疗联合辅助或诱导化疗已被推荐为局部晚期NPC标准治疗方法。然而,标准治疗仍有许多不足之处,诱导及辅助化疗仍有许多争议,建立更加理想及个体化的局部晚期NPC放化疗方案仍是未来研究的方向。     

Locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Current and emerging treatment strategies

Although nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a widespread malignant tumor, it is particularly frequent in Southeast Asia. Although T1 tumors can be effectively controlled with exclusive radiotherapy, this treatment modality is insufficient for most NPC patients, who present with locally advanced disease at diagnosis. In fact, for stages ranging from T2b N0 to T4 N3, definitive scientific evidence supports the use of concurrent platinum-based chemotherapy with standard external beam radiotherapy. This treatment approach has shown a statistically significant advantage in terms of overall survival, with respect to radiotherapy alone. Several trials have also investigated the use of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy in combination with radiotherapy or chemo-radiotherapy. Platinum compounds, anthracyclines and taxanes are among the chemotherapy agents employed. This review focuses on the clinical results obtained in the field of adjuvant/concurrent/neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced NPC, for which exclusive concurrent chemo-radiotherapy currently represents the standard treatment approach.     

69例局部复发鼻咽癌调强放疗疗效及预后分析

目的回顾性分析局部复发鼻咽癌调强放疗的疗效及影响预后的相关因素。方法 69例局部复发鼻咽癌患者均行调强放疗,再程放疗pGTV总剂量为49.5～77.4Gy(中位剂量为66Gy),每次分割剂量1.86～2.5Gy(中位2.1Gy)。48例接受1～6个周期以铂类为基础的化疗。结果全组患者的中位随访时间为20个月,截止末次随访日期,死亡24例(34.8%)。1、2年局部无进展生存率、无远处转移生存率及总生存率分别为92.9%、81.8%、81.8%和88.8%、65.5%、65.5%。单因素分析结果显示,首程放疗方式(P=0.004)和再程放疗总剂量(P=0.011)与生存期相关;多因素分析发现影响局部复发鼻咽癌的独立预后因素有首程放疗方式(P=0.004)和再程放疗总剂量(P=0.004)。放疗期间的急性毒副反应均可耐受。结论 IMRT是局部复发鼻咽癌的有效治疗手段,可提高患者的生存率。首程放疗方式和再程放疗总剂量是影响患者生存时间的独立预后因素。     

调强放疗时代诱导化疗在Ⅱ~Ⅳa期鼻咽癌中的研究进展

调强放射治疗的应用使得鼻咽癌的生存得到显著改善,但Ⅱ~Ⅳa期鼻咽癌治疗失败的主要原因仍为远处转移。诱导化疗由于具有减轻肿瘤负荷、消除微转移等优势在临床得到广泛关注,但诱导化疗在Ⅱ期鼻咽癌中的应用价值以及在局部晚期鼻咽癌中的最佳治疗模式尚不明确,全文回顾分析近年来诱导化疗联合调强放疗的相关研究,就调强放疗时代诱导化疗在Ⅱ~Ⅳa期鼻咽癌中相关进展作一综述。     

局部晚期鼻咽癌放疗前后氟脱氧葡萄糖PET-CT摄取值与预后关系的研究

中SUV max 较高者及淋巴结转移灶SUV max 值高于原发灶SUV max 者预后较差.     

Phase I/II trial evaluating concurrent carbon-ion radiotherapy plus chemotherapy for salvage treatment of locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Background:After deifnitive chemoradiotherapy for non-metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), more than 10% of patients will experience a local recurrence. Salvage treatments present signiifcant challenges for locally recur-rent NPC. Surgery, stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy, and brachytherapy have been used to treat locally recur-rent NPC. However, only patients with small-volume tumors can beneift from these treatments. Re-irradiation with X-ray—based intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMXT) has been more widely used for salvage treatment of locally recurrent NPC with a large tumor burden, but over-irradiation to the surrounding normal tissues has been shown to cause frequent and severe toxicities. Furthermore, locally recurrent NPC represents a clinical entity that is more radio-resistant than its primary counterpart. Due to the inherent physical advantages of heavy-particle therapy, precise dose delivery to the target volume(s), without exposing the surrounding organs at risk to extra doses, is highly feasible with carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT). In addition, CIRT is a high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation and provides an increased relative biological effectiveness compared with photon and proton radiotherapy. Our prior work showed that CIRT alone to 57.5 GyE (gray equivalent), at 2.5 GyE per daily fraction, was well tolerated in patients who were pre-viously treated for NPC with a deifnitive dose of IMXT. The short-term response rates at 3–6months were also accept-able. However, no patients were treated with concurrent chemotherapy. Whether the addition of concurrent chemo-therapy to CIRT can beneift locally recurrent NPC patients over CIRT alone has never been addressed. It is possible that the beneifts of high-LET CIRT may make radiosensitizing chemotherapy unnecessary. We therefore implemented a phase I/II clinical trial to address these questions and present our methodology and results. Methods and design:The maximal tolerated dose (MTD) of re-treatment using raster-scanning CIRT plus concur-rent cisplatin will be determined in the phase I, dose-escalating stage of this study. CIRT dose escalation from 52.5 to 65 GyE (2.5 GyE×21–26 fractions) will be delivered, with the primary endpoints being acute and subacute toxicities. Effcacy in terms of overall survival (OS) and local progression-free survival of patients after concurrent chemotherapy plus CIRT at the determined MTD will then be studied in the phase II stage of the trial. We hypothesize that CIRT plus chemotherapy can improve the 2-year OS rate from the historical 50% to at least 70%. Conclusions:Re-treatment of locally recurrent NPC using photon radiation techniques, including IMXT, provides moderate effcacy but causes potentially severe toxicities. Improved outcomes in terms of effcacy and toxicity proifle are expected with CIRT plus chemotherapy. However, the MTD of CIRT used concurrently with cisplatin-based chemo-therapy for locally recurrent NPC remains to be determined. In addition, whether the addition of chemotherapy to CIRT is needed remains unknown. These questions will be evaluated in the dose-escalating phase I and randomized phase II trials.     

不同分期鼻咽癌IMRT解剖体积变化对剂量分布影响

目的 探讨不同分期的鼻咽癌IMRT解剖体积变化及其对剂量分布影响, 客观评价重新修改IMRT计划的必要性。方法 将24例初诊鼻咽癌放化疗患者根据鼻咽癌2008分期分为早中期组(12例)和局部晚期组(12例)。在放疗至第5周时重新进行CT扫描, 重新勾画靶区和OAR, 并计算原计划在新CT上的剂量分布结果。分析靶区和OAR解剖体积变化及剂量分布变化, 并行配对t检验和Spearman相关分析。结果 与放疗前比较, 早中期组放疗中颈部阳性淋巴结靶体积(GTV_nd)缩小相近(P=0.059), 鼻咽大体肿瘤体积(GTV_nx) 、高危临床靶体积(CTV₁)和腮腺体积均明显缩小(P=0.001、0.012、0.002、0.000);局部晚期组放疗中GTV_nx、GTV_nd、CTV₁和腮腺体积均较前明显缩小(P=0.000、0.000、0.003、0.003、0.000)。两组腮腺剂量放疗中均较放疗前升高(P=0.044、0.026、0.033、0.026和P=0.024、0.016、0.030、0.015), 局部晚期组还观察到GTV_nd剂量升高(P=0.029、0.049)。结论 局部晚期鼻咽癌患者推荐在放疗第5周重新CT扫描并重新制定IMRT计划, 以保证靶区剂量和保障腮腺安全剂量。     

联合放化疗与单纯放疗治疗65例局部中晚期鼻咽癌比较研究

[目的]探讨诱导化疗联合放疗和辅助化疗治疗中晚期鼻咽癌的疗效。[方法]65例中晚期鼻咽癌分为治疗组45例,采用放疗前诱导化疗1次＋根治性放疗＋辅助化疗3～5次;对照组20例,行单纯行根治性放疗。化疗方案为氟尿嘧啶（5-Fu）0.5g/m^2,d1～3;表柔比星（EPI）60mg/m^2,d1;顺铂（DDP）30mg/m^2,d1～3;静脉滴注。两组放疗方法、时间和剂量分割均相同。[结果]治疗组与对照组3年无瘤生存率分别为71.0%、35.0%（P〈0.05）,远处转移率分别为46.7%、75.0%（P〈0.05）。无不可耐受的毒副反应发生。[结论]诱导化疗联合放疗和辅助化疗治疗局部中晚期鼻咽癌能提高生存率,降低远处转移率。     

Long-term outcomes of a phase II randomized controlled trial comparing intensity-modulated radiotherapy with or without weekly cisplatin for the treatment of locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Background: Salvage treatment for locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is complicated and relatively limited. Radiotherapy, combined with effective concomitant chemotherapy, may improve clinical treatment out?comes. We conducted a phase II randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efcacy of intensity?modulated radio?therapy with concomitant weekly cisplatin on locally recurrent NPC. Methods: Between April 2002 and January 2008, 69 patients diagnosed with non?metastatic locally recurrent NPC were randomly assigned to either concomitant chemoradiotherapy group (n = 34) or radiotherapy alone group(n= 35). All patients received intensity?modulated radiotherapy. The radiotherapy dose for both groups was 60 Gy in 27 fractions for 37 days (range 23–53 days). The concomitant chemotherapy schedule was cisplatin 30 mg/m2 by intravenous infusion weekly during radiotherapy. Results: The median follow?up period of all patients was 35 months (range 2–112 months). Between concomitant chemoradiotherapy and radiotherapy groups, there was only significant difference in the 3?year and 5?year overall survival (OS) rates (68.7% vs. 42.2%, P = 0.016 and 41.8% vs. 27.5%, P = 0.049, respectively). Subgroup analysis showedthat concomitant chemoradiotherapy significantly improved the 5?year OS rate especially for patients in stage rT3–4 (33.0% vs. 13.2%, P = 0.009), stages III–IV (34.3% vs. 13.2%, P = 0.006), recurrence interval >30 months (49.0% vs. 20.6%,P= 0.017), and tumor volume >26 cm3 (37.6% vs. 0%, P = 0.006). Conclusion: Compared with radiotherapy alone, concomitant chemoradiotherapy can improve OS of the patients with locally recurrent NPC, especially those with advanced T category (rT3–4) and stage (III–IV) diseases, recurrence intervals >30 months, and tumor volume >26 cm3.