肿瘤标志物联合CT在肺癌纵隔淋巴结转移诊断中的应用

目的探讨肿瘤标志物联合CT扫描诊断肺癌淋巴结转移的临床价值。方法选择本院2010年5月至2012年12月接收、确诊为肺癌的120例患者为研究对象,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果多项肿瘤标记物联合检测对纵隔淋巴结转移的诊断率显著高于单项肿瘤标记物检测(P<0.05)。多项肿瘤标记物联合CT扫描对纵隔淋巴结转移敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确度分别为90.0%、71.4%、69.2%、90.9%、79.2%,均可达到较满意水平,其中敏感性、阴性预测值、及准确率均显著高于的单项检测(P<0.05);特异性及阳性预测值与单项检测无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论肿瘤标志物与CT联合检测,可显著提高诊断的准确率、敏感性、及阴性预测值,同时,特异性及阳性预测值也维持于较高水平,为目前纵隔淋巴结转移的理想诊断方式,具有较高推广价值。     

CT扫描与血清肿瘤标志物检测对诊断肺癌的探讨

目的 观察CT扫描及血清肿瘤标记物检测单独及联合应用于对肺癌的诊断的敏感性.方法 选取自2006年2月～2008年1月在我院住院的41例肺部病灶性质待定患者,所有患者都行CT扫描及血清肿瘤标记物(tumor mzrker,TM)检测,并与病理诊断结果作对照分析,计算出不同检查手段及其联合应用诊断肺癌的敏感性和特异性.结果 CT扫描及血清肿瘤标记物检测诊断肺癌的敏感性分别为86.2%,60%,特异性分别为41.6%,90.9%.二种检查手段的敏感性及特异性有显著差异(P＜0.05);二种手段联合诊断肺癌的敏感性、特异性为96%及100%.结论 CT扫描及血清肿瘤标记物联合应用,敏感性和特异性可分别达到96%和100%,可以满足临床需要.     

13种肿瘤标志物联合胸部 CT 在周围型肺癌的诊断价值

目的：研究探讨周围型肺癌患者血清中,13种肿瘤标志物浓度,结合胸部CT诊断,评价其在周围型肺癌早期诊断中的价值。方法选取河北北方学院附属第二医院2012年6月至2013年4月体检及入院患者324例血清标本,采用放射免疫法、酶联免疫吸附试验法及电化学荧光分析法（ ECLIA）分析患者血清中13种肿瘤标志物的浓度[神经特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）、肿瘤相关抗原153（CA153）、肿瘤相关抗原724（CA724）、癌胚抗原（CEA）、肿瘤相关抗原125（CA125）、非小细胞肺癌抗原21－1（CYFRA21－1）、甲胎蛋白（AFP）、鳞状细胞癌抗原（SCCA）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、细胞角蛋白18（CK18）、肿瘤相关抗原199（CA199）、组织多肽特异性抗原A（TPSA）、β2－微球蛋白（β2－MG）浓度],与胸部CT结合,评价其在周围型肺癌早期诊断中的价值。结果周围型肺癌组13种肿瘤标志物阳性率显著高于肺部良性病变组及对照组阳性率（ P ＜0à．01）。其中CEA、CA125、NSE、CA199、CYPRA21－1、SCCA、VEGF、TPSA、β2－MG项肿瘤标志物的水平和阳性率显著高于肺部良性病变组和对照组（ P ＜0．05）。 CT检查发现肺部包块等异常的阳性率为87．07％,CT检测周围型肺癌的敏感性高于血清学的检测结果。结论13种肿瘤标志物联合胸部CT,对周围型肺癌的诊断,尤其是早期诊断,具有很大的诊断价值。     

肿瘤标志物的检验学研究及临床应用价值分析

目的研究肿瘤标志物(CYFRA21-1、NSE、CEA、CA125)检验在肺癌诊断中的临床应用价值。方法利用电化学发光检验方法,对2011年9月至2012年8月在我院收治的50例肺癌患者,50例良性肺部病变患者及50例健康检查者进行确诊,并比较各组肿瘤标志物的水平情况。结果肺癌组肿瘤标志物的水平明显高于良性组和健康组;CYFRA21-1单一检测中鳞癌阳性率最大为69.6%,NSE单一检测中小细胞肺癌阳性率最大为72.7%,CEA单一检测中腺癌阳性率最大为75%,三种肿瘤标志物阳性检测率存在显著性差异;四种肿瘤标志物联合检测肺癌的阳性率、准确性及特异度与单一肿瘤标志物相比,存在显著性差异。结论在肺癌诊断中采取肿瘤标志物联合检验方法,不仅提高了肺癌的阳性检测率,同时提高了肺癌诊断准确性,为肺癌的预防和治疗提供重要依据,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

PET-CT联合血清肿瘤标记物检测对提升肺癌诊断准确率的效果分析

目的探讨正电子发射计算机断层显像(PET-CT)联合血清肿瘤标记物检测对提升不同分期肺癌诊断准确率的临床应用价值。方法 57例已经过穿刺活检、CT扫描、胸片、手术、诊断性治疗等方法确诊的肺癌患者,分别进行单纯CT扫描和PET-CT联合血清肿瘤标记物检测,对两种诊断手段的肺癌确诊准确率进行比较。结果单纯CT扫描检测确诊准确率为75.44%,PET-CT联合血清肿瘤标记物检测确诊准确率为98.25%,对比差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 PET-CT联合血清肿瘤标记物检测具有互补作用,对提升肺癌诊断准确率具有重要临床意义,值得临床推广应用。     

低剂量螺旋CT与胸部X线检查筛查早期肺癌的临床价值对比研究

目的 对比低剂量螺旋CT扫描与胸部X线检查在肺癌早期筛查中的应用价值,评价两种方法在肺癌早期诊断中的可行性.方法 将640例符合标准的受检者随机分为CT扫描组和X线检查组,每组320例,CT扫描组给予胸部低剂量螺旋CT扫描,X线检查组给予胸部X线检查.对2组高危人群的肺癌检出率、诊断敏感性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值进行分析比较.结果 CT扫描组检测可疑肺癌者54例,检出率为16.9%,经病理检查确诊44例,其中假阴性4例,诊断敏感性为90.9%（40/44）,阳性预测值为74.1%（40/54）,阴性预测值为98.5%（262/266）.X线检查组检查可疑肺癌者29例,检出率为9.1%;经病理检查确诊36例,其中假阴性11例,诊断敏感性为69.4%（25/36）,阳性预测值为86.2%（25/29）,阴性预测值为96.2%（280/291）.CT扫描组可疑肺癌的检出率和敏感性均高于X线检查组,但阳性预测值低于X线检查组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 低剂量螺旋CT扫描比胸部X线检查具有更高的敏感性,对早期肺癌的筛选有一定的应用价值,可显著降低晚期肺癌的诊断数量,提高早期肺癌的诊断率,进一步降低被检者肺癌病死率.     

全身 PET／CT 断层显像联合肿瘤标志物检测在肺癌诊断及鉴别诊断中的临床意义

目的：探讨PET／CT检查联合肿瘤标志物检测诊断肺癌的意义。方法对2009年6月—2012年6月解放军第105医院肿瘤诊疗中心经病理诊断或随访证实的99例肺部疾病患者进行回顾性分析。观察肺部病灶PET显像的FDG最大标准摄取值（ SUVmax ）、CT显像,分析PET／CT检查、肿瘤标志物检测、PET／CT和肿瘤标志物联合运用对肺癌诊断的敏感性、特异性及准确性。结果 PET／CT 检查对肺癌诊断的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为85．19％、77．78％、83．84％;肿瘤标志物（ CEA、CA125、CA19-9、NSE、SCC）联合检测对肺癌诊断的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为86．42％、77．78％、84．85％;联合PET／CT和肿瘤标志物检测对肺癌诊断的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为96．30％、83．33％、93．94％,与PET／CT检查、肿瘤标志物检测相比,P＜0．05,具有统计学意义。结论对于无法明确病理诊断的肺部疾病患者,联合PET／CT检查和肿瘤标志物检测,有助于提高肺癌的诊断率,减少误诊和漏诊。     

肿瘤标志物的检验学及临床应用观察

目的探讨分析CYFRA21-1、NSE、CEA、CA125(肿瘤标志物)在肺癌诊断中的临床作用。方法随机选取2012年5月至2013年6月我院收治的60例肺癌患者,抽取我院同期收治的60例良性肺部病变患者以及60例健康体检者作为研究对象,采取磁微粒化学发光检测的方法,比较各组肿瘤标志物阳性表达率、检验水平,并对单一检验与联合检验进行对比。结果肺癌对照组肿瘤标志物的水平明显比良性观察组和健康观察组高;CEA单一检测率中最大的是腺癌的阳性率(57.14%),CYFRA21-1单一检测率中鳞癌阳性率最大(69.70%),NSE单一检测率中小细胞肺癌阳性率最大(53.85%),各组肿瘤指标阳性检测率存在显著差异,具有统计学意义(P<0.05),通过四种肿瘤标志物联合检测肺癌的阳性率、准确率,同比单一肿瘤标志物,具有显著差异。结论采用肿瘤标志物联合检测的方法,很大程度上提高了肺癌的阳性检测率,也增强了诊断肺癌的准确性,为以后临床诊断和治疗肺癌提供了参考,具有显著的临床应用效果。     

99mTc-MDP骨扫描和肿瘤标记物对非小细胞肺癌分期诊断的价值

目的：探讨99mTc-MDP全身核素骨扫描及肿瘤标记物对非小细胞肺癌分期诊断的价值。方法：对68例确诊为非小细胞肺癌患者进行全身核素骨扫描,采集68例非小细胞肺癌患者血清,应用酶联免疫法、放射免疫法、比色法、胶乳凝集法检测68例非小细胞肺癌病人（观察组）及40例健康体检者（对照组）血清CA125、CEA、TSGF、SGF、VEGF水平,比较各肿瘤标记物水平在非小细胞肺癌各期中的水平。结果：观察组患者血清肿瘤标记物含量均高于健康对照组,且随临床分期的逐渐升高,各肿瘤标记物水平逐步升高;99mTc-MDP骨扫描明确骨转移者有16例,Ⅰ期肺癌患者骨转移1例、Ⅱ期肺癌患者骨转移2例、Ⅲ期肺癌患者骨转移4例、Ⅳ期肺癌患者骨转移9例。结论：99mTc-MDP全身核素骨扫描可作为非小细胞肺癌分期检测的筛查手段,患者血清CA125、CEA、TSGF、SGF、VEGF水平随病程的进展而不断升高;99mTc-MDP骨扫描联合肿瘤标记物检测在非小细胞肺癌分期诊断中具有重要意义。     

肺癌肿瘤标志物早期诊断研究进展

肺癌是一种常见的恶性肿瘤,其发病率及死亡率已占全球恶性肿瘤的首位。肺恶性肿瘤目前常用的诊断工具是CT扫描、支气管镜检查、痰病理细胞学检查及肿瘤标志物检测,但在早期肺癌的诊断中尚缺乏敏感的诊断方法。为了提高肺癌的诊断治疗,近年来许多肿瘤标志物已经被应用于肺癌领域。因为晚期肺癌预后很差,人们正在尝试进行肺癌筛查,所以寻找合适的肿瘤标志物在肺癌的早期诊断中变得尤为重要。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.