椎体后骨样增生伴腰腿痛的诊断和治疗

回顾性分析218例椎体后骨样增生伴腰腿痛病例的诊断和治疗，经过1—6年随访，非手术治疗65例，优良率70．76％；手术治疗153例，优良率92．81％。     

椎体间加压融合、椎间孔扩大减压治疗腰椎滑脱症

探讨手术治疗腰椎滑脱症的疗效,采用椎弓根系统复位,椎体间加压融合、椎间孔扩大减压治疗腰椎滑脱症26例.治疗优良率占92.31%.     

脊柱骨折行内固定结合椎体成形术治疗的效果与临床优势分析

目的研究并探讨脊柱骨折患者行内固定结合椎体成形术的临床效果。方法选取2013年1月~2016年5月南京医科大学第二附属医院收治的100例脊柱骨折患者作为前瞻性研究对象,采取计算机数字分组法将患者分为对照组和观察组,每组50例,对照组患者实施单纯内固定术治疗,观察组患者实施内固定联合椎体成形术,比较两组患者的临床治疗优良率、伤椎前后缘高度比、后凸角度、Frankel功能分级情况。结果观察组患者的临床治疗优良率为94.0%,明显高于对照组76.0%(P0.05);手术后两组患者的伤椎前缘高度比、伤椎后缘高度比、后凸角度均明显改善,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);术后观察组患者的Frankel功能分级正常率较手术前明显增多(P0.05),且高于术后对照组(P0.05)。结论采用内固定联合椎体成形术治疗脊柱骨折临床疗效显著,可有效促使患者脊柱椎体高度、活动功能恢复正常,改善预后。     

压力疗法防治整形供皮区瘢痕增生效果观察

目的:观察压力疗法防治整形供皮区瘢痕增生的效果。方法:选择整形手术取中厚皮76例,随机分为观察组39例和对照组37例;观察组供皮区愈合后进行弹力绷带或弹力套连续加压治疗,时间每天>18h并坚持6～12个月,对照组供皮区愈合后未经任何治疗;对比观察供皮区术后12个月的瘢痕增生防治效果。结果:观察组总优良率94.9%,对照组总优良率40.5%;两组比较,差异非常显著(P<0.01)。结论:采用压力疗法防治整形供皮区瘢痕增生效果较好。     

椎体成形术应注意的几个问题

目的 通过观察椎体成形术对胸腰椎压缩性骨折的治疗及效果,探讨椎体成形术的适用范围,术前,术中应注意的问题及对策。方法 采用椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎压缩性骨折68例78椎。结果 94%口才在术后早期取得满意效果,得到随访半年以上的44例中仍有91%效果良好。结论 椎体成形术是一种较理想的治疗胸腰椎压缩性骨折的方法,但在治疗过程中仍有一些经验及注意事项需要掌握。     

经皮椎体成型术治疗椎体良、恶性肿瘤

目的　椎体良、恶性肿瘤一直是非常棘手的疾病 ,以往的治疗方法都有各自的不足 ,经皮椎体成型术的出现使椎体血管瘤的治疗产生突破性进展 ,本文总结用经皮椎体成型术治疗椎体良、恶性肿瘤的初步临床经验。方法　总结 7例椎体血管瘤和 11例椎体恶性肿瘤的治疗 ,17例采用单侧或双侧椎弓根入路 ,1例颈椎血管瘤采用颈椎前外侧入路。注射 15 2 0 %的骨水泥 ,使骨水泥在椎体内分布、铸形。结果　 18例治疗都获得成功 ,注射骨水泥 0 .5 7ml。 10例患者术后疼痛完全缓解 ,6例明显缓解 ;2例有所缓解 ;随访 1 9个月 ,无复发迹象。结论　采用经皮椎体成型术治疗椎体良、恶性肿瘤是一种小创伤、安全、有效的治疗手段。     

73例髋臼骨折治疗体会

治疗髋臼骨折73例,非手术治疗28例,优良率82.1%;手术治疗45例,优良率84.4%。手术治疗需根据骨折类型及移位方向选择手术入路及内固定材料,才能达到满意效果。     

经皮椎体成形术治疗椎体转移瘤的临床应用

目的 探讨经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗椎体转移性肿瘤的骨水泥灌注量、灌注方法及临床疗效.方法 对150例共218个椎体行椎体成形术,其中胸椎73个椎体,腰椎138个椎体,骶椎7个椎体,共218个椎体.手术在DSA监视下进行.根据椎体形态、破坏范围及穿刺点位置选择进针途径.结果 150例218个椎体手术全部成功,手术成功率100%,胸椎注入骨水泥2～5 ml,平均3.5 ml;腰椎注入3～8 ml,平均5.5 ml;骶椎4～7 ml,平均5.5 ml.术后疼痛完全缓解134例,89.3%;部分缓解15例,10%;无效1例,0.7%.150例中渗漏至椎间盘12例,硬膜外囊10例,椎旁静脉丛3例,椎旁软组织4例,骨水泥外漏发生率13.3%.术中及术后均无并发症发生.结论 经皮椎体成形术(PVP)对缓解或消除由椎体转移性肿瘤引起的疼痛有明显的治疗效果,值得临床应用推广.     

椎体成形术治疗症状性椎体血管瘤(附12例结果分析)

目的　探讨经皮穿刺椎体成形术在症状性椎体血管瘤治疗中的作用及意义。方法　有临床症状并经影像学检查及病理证实的椎体血管瘤 12例 ,在CT引导下完成经皮穿刺椎体成形术治疗 ,以视觉模拟评分法评价疗效并随访观察。结果　 11例患者症状明显缓解或消失 ,椎体获得加固 ,1例无变化 ,有效率 91.7%。出现硬膜外静脉栓塞并发症 1例 ,经治疗好转。 1例 5个月后症状复发行外科手术治疗。结论　椎体成形术在治疗症状性椎体血管瘤上简单有效 ,亦可成为其综合治疗方法之一。     

疼痛性骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的治疗分析:2755例回顾性研究

目的探讨疼痛性骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures,OVCFs)的治疗选择。方法回顾性分析2010年1月1日—2017年12月31日陆军军医大学大坪医院OVCFs病例资料2 755例,按照治疗方式分为非手术治疗组774例、椎体强化组2 070例(包括103例非手术治疗无效转入椎体强化组患者)和开放手术组14例。分析各组性别、年龄、基本信息(受教育程度)病程、外伤史、脊柱畸形、椎体骨折史、椎体强化史、腰椎骨密度(L_1～L_4)、MRI特点与椎体骨折数量、骨质疏松治疗方案、随访时间及背痛变化VAS评分等。P<0.01为差异有统计学意义。结果男性592例,女性2 163例;年龄37～99岁,男性平均年龄(74.8±9.0)岁,女性平均年龄(71.3±8.5)岁。非手术治疗组中671例(86.70%)初始VAS评分(5.81±0.56)分,治疗3周～3个月(中位数6周)后VAS评分(1.02±0.83)分;103例(13.30%)初始VAS评分(6.74±0.24)分,随访3周～6周(中位数4周)VAS评分(5.35±0.73)分,疼痛缓解差转入椎体强化组进行椎体强化治疗。非手术治疗有效与无效亚组间比较,年龄、外伤史、强化史、脊柱畸形、病程、椎体骨折数量、初始VAS评分、MRI信号及骨质疏松程度差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。椎体强化组共2 070例,初始VAS评分(8.37±0.81)分,术后即刻VAS评分(2.04±0.93)分,其中2 037例(98.40%)患者术后即刻VAS评分≤2分。464例(16.84%)患者系再次椎体骨折入院,182例(39.22%)规范抗骨质疏松治疗,282例(60.78%)未持续抗骨质疏松治疗。开放手术组特征为骨质疏松性椎体塌陷(osteoporotic vertebral collapse,OVC)、畸形、失稳合并神经压迫,经后路减压、畸形矫正、骨水泥强化钉道、椎弓根螺钉固定术,随访14～30个月(中位数16个月)均获得骨融合,生活质量改善。结论年龄≤70岁、无外伤史、无强化史、无畸形、病程较短、单椎节骨折、VAS评分≤6分、MRI为局限性信号、骨密度稍低、轻中度疼痛OVCFs患者可尝试非手术治疗。椎体强化治疗止痛效果满意,术后需严格抗骨质疏松治疗,降低再骨折风险。椎体爆裂、神经/脊髓压迫、严重失稳者开放手术可改善生活质量。     

细胞自噬与肿瘤发生发展

自噬是真核生物中一种高度保守的胞内降解途径.其主要通过溶酶体或液泡进行饥饿状态下的营养动员,清除受损蛋白质、细胞器和胞内病原体.自噬主要包括巨自噬、分子伴侣介导自噬(CMA)和微自噬.自噬已被证实与多种人类疾病相关,其在肿瘤发生发展中具有重要意义.近年研究中,对于自噬和肿瘤关系有了进一步的认识,该文就自噬分子机制、调控通路以及与肿瘤发生发展关系的研究进展作一综述.     

Physiologic and pathologic calcifications and ossifications in the face and neck

The aim was to give a systematic presentation of physiologic and pathologic calcifications and ossifications in the face and neck with a special emphasis on clinical relevance. In a sometimes subacute setting one should recognize specific calcifications which often lead to important diagnoses such as fungal sinusitis or sclerosing labyrinthitis. In a more chronic situation intraocular calcifications in small children are pathognomonic for retinoblastoma. Juxtatumoral sclerosis of the laryngeal cartilage in laryngopharyngeal carcinoma is usually caused by tumor infiltration of the cartilage resulting in a higher tumor stage and, this way, has a major impact on the therapeutical strategy. Calcified lymph nodes are mainly unspecific but can be the result of tuberculosis or metastases of thyroid cancer. Cross-sectional imaging methods, most of all computed tomography, are ideally suited to reveal head and neck calcifications and ossifications, especially those which are clinically relevant.     

Head and neck infection and inflammation

This article discusses the imaging manifestations of infectious and inflammatory conditions of the head and neck. Special attention is paid to the sites, routes of spread, and complications of neck infections. Because the clinical signs and symptoms and the complications of these conditions are often determined by the precise anatomic site involved, anatomic considerations are stressed. Familiarity with the fascial layers, spaces of the neck, and the contents of each space is helpful for this discussion. The fascial layers of the neck are important barriers to infection, and once infection is established, the fascial layers play a part in directing its spread.     

Staging and surgical management of pancreatic and biliary cancer and inflammation

Management of benign and malignant diseases of the pancreas, liver, and biliary tract has made remarkable progress in the last two decades. Advances in minimally invasive surgery, interventional radiology, and diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy have changed the treatment of common diseases such as cholelithiasis and more serious diseases such as pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Advances in biliary tract and pancreatic surgery have paralleled the advances in ultrasonographic imaging, CT, and MR imaging. This article outlines the surgeon's perspective on radiologic imaging and preoperative staging of benign and malignant biliary and pancreatic disease.     

The thyroid and parathyroid glands. CT and MR imaging and correlation with pathology and clinical findings

Thyroid imaging approach is based on the preliminary clinical evaluation. Lesions that are smaller than 2 cm should be assessed with US, which is capable of discriminating masses as small as 2 mm and distinguishing solid from cystic nodules. US-guided FNAB provides tissue for cytologic examination of thyroid nodules. CT and MR imaging are indicated for larger tumors (greater than 3 cm diameter) that extend outside the gland to adjoining structures, including the mediastinum, and retropharyngeal region. Metastatic lymph nodes in the neck and invasion of the aerodigestive tract are also in the realm of CT and MR imaging. Thyroid nodules are categorized on scintigraphy as hot or cold nodules. Hot nodules are rarely malignant, whereas cold nodules have an incidence of 10% to 20% of malignancy. Calcifications (amorphous, globular, nodular, and linear) occur in adenomas and carcinomas and have no differential diagnostic features except for psammomatous calcifications, which are a pathognomonic finding in papillary carcinomas and a small percentage of medullary carcinomas. Papillary carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor (80%) followed by follicular (20% to 25%); medullary (5%); undifferentiated; anaplastic carcinomas (< 5%); lymphoma (5%); and metastases. Lymph node metastases are common in papillary carcinoma, 50% at presentation, and less common in follicular carcinomas. The metastatic nodes in papillary carcinoma may enhance markedly (hypervascular); show increased signal intensity on T1-weighted images (increased thyroglobulin content or hemorrhage); and reveal punctate calcifications. Localized invasion of the larynx, trachea, and esophagus occurs predominantly in papillary and follicular carcinomas; the incidence is less than 5%. Ectopic thyroid tissue may be encountered in the tongue (foramen cecum); along the midline between posterior tongue and isthmus of thyroid gland; lateral neck; mediastinum; and oral cavity. Goiter and malignant tumors, notably papillary carcinoma, may develop in ectopic thyroid tissue. Carcinomas may also arise in thyroglossal duct cysts, which develop from duct remnants between the foramen cecum and thyroid isthmus. Infectious disease of the thyroid gland is not common and the CT and MR imaging findings are similar as described under neck infection. Other types of inflammatory disorders including Hashimoto's thyroiditis, granulomatous thyroiditis, and Riedel's struma display no specific imaging features. Imaging studies may, however, be indicated to confirm a suspected clinical diagnosis and assess compromise of the airway (Riedel's struma). HPT is a clinical diagnosis in which hypercalcemia is the most important finding. Parathyroid hyperplasia, adenoma, and carcinoma represent underlying lesions. To relieve the patient's symptoms surgical extirpation is indicated. The surgical success rate without imaging is 95%. The indications for imaging studies vary but it is generally agreed that reoperation after a previous failed surgical attempt and suspicion of an ectopic parathyroid adenoma should be investigated by imaging. These consist of US, nuclear medicine studies, CT and MR imaging. US and technetium sestamibi scanning have the highest accuracy rate for localizing an adenomatous gland at and near the thyroid gland. Ectopic adenomas, particularly if they are located in the mediastinum, are preferrably investigated with CT and MR imaging with gadolinium and fat suppression. Carcinomas and parathyroid cysts are optimally evaluated by CT and MR imaging. On MR imaging adenomas are low in signal intensity on T1-weighted images, high in signal intensity on T2-weighted images, and enhance post introduction of gadolinium.     

幽门螺杆菌分泌与重组表达的VacA蛋白的分离纯化及其致细胞空泡效应与凋亡的对比研究

目的：分离纯化幽门螺杆菌分泌和重组表达的细胞空泡毒素抗原（ VacA）蛋白,并评价其致细胞空泡效应及致细胞凋亡效应。方法分别从幽门螺杆菌ATCC26695菌株培养上清和重组表达VacA蛋白的pQE30-VacA-E．coliM15基因工程菌中分离纯化VacA蛋白,经酸化后,以不同终浓度（5,10 ng／ml）分别与人胃腺癌AGS细胞共孵24 h,观察致空泡效应,并通过流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡。结果成功分离纯化出幽门螺杆菌分泌和重组表达的VacA蛋白;幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白能显著引起AGS细胞的空泡样改变及凋亡（P＜0．01）,而重组表达的VacA蛋白致细胞空泡样改变及凋亡不显著（ P＞0．05）。结论幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白有良好的空泡毒性及致凋亡效应,而重组表达的VacA蛋白无致空泡及凋亡效应,幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白可用于VacA作用机制的研究。