乌鲁木齐市妊娠期特异性甲状腺激素水平参考范围的建立及应用

目的:建立和评估乌鲁木齐市妊娠妇女妊娠各期特异性血清FT3、FT4,血清TSH的正常参考范围。方法:筛选于本院门诊产检的妊娠妇女663例作为标准人群,电化学发光法测定FT3、FT4,血清TSH、抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体(Tg Ab)、抗甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb),制定妊娠各期甲状腺激素水平各项指标参考范围。收集妊娠各期孕妇2252例,验证参考范围对诊断妊娠期甲状腺疾病的符合性。结果:血清FT3在妊娠早期、妊娠中期、妊娠晚期的参考值范围分别为:3.43~9.94pmol/L,3.53~5.74pmol/L,2.39~5.19pmol/L;血清FT4在妊娠早期、妊娠中期、妊娠!期的参考值范围分别为:9.94~20.21pmol/L,9.69~17.77pmol/L,7.28~15.99pmol/L;血清TSH在妊娠早期、妊娠中期、妊娠晚期的参考值范围分别为:0.06~4.80ml U/L,0.29~5.84ml U/L,0.48~4.56ml U/L。按ATA标准妊娠期总的甲减、亚临床甲减、低T4综合征、甲亢的患病率分别4.9%、32.6%、4.8%和0.7%,按本研究制定的特异性参考范围患病率为0.2%、4.7%、2.3%和1.4%。结论:乌鲁木齐市妊娠妇女的血清甲状腺激素水平具备地域上的特异性,与非妊娠时期差异较大;本研究制定的参考值范围对于诊断妊娠期甲状腺疾病的患病率与国内其他报道基本一致,但与ATA指南的参考值范围诊断的患病率差别较大。     

早孕期甲状腺功能指标参考区间的研究

目的建立早孕期甲状腺功能的参考区间并探讨制定参考区间的必要性。方法对2012年3-12月在首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院产前检查的无甲状腺疾病高危因素的健康初产妇3 180例进行甲状腺功能检查(包括TSH、FT4、FT3、TT4、TT3),分析各项检测值的参考区间,并与试剂盒给出的参考区间进行比较分析。结果 TSH的参考区间为:0.05~5.05?IU/ml;0.76~2.08 ng/dl、2.11~3.43 pg/ml、6.56~14.74?g/dl和88.81~220.95 ng/dl.根据试剂盒参考区间诊断的临床甲减、亚临床甲减及低T4血症的诊断率明显高于本文的参考区间的诊断率;高龄孕妇(≥35岁)早孕期FT4水平低于35岁孕妇(P0.05)。结论妊娠期甲状腺功能与非孕期有较大差异,不应直接采用试剂盒给出的诊断标准,应结合妊娠结局建立妊娠期的正常参考范围。     

淄博市不同孕期女性尿碘水平及甲状腺功能状况调查

目的:研究淄博市孕期女性碘营养状况、不同妊娠阶段甲状腺功能变化及妊娠期甲状腺疾病种类分布,制定淄博地区孕期女性特异的血清甲状腺功能指标参考值,为孕期实施碘营养监测及甲状腺功能筛查提供理论依据。方法:选取2013年3月至2014年2月在淄博市妇幼保健院门诊行产检的1268例孕妇。采用化学发光法测定妊娠早、中、晚期孕妇的血清促甲状腺素(TSH)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(即TPOAb)。采用酸消化砷一铈接触法测定尿碘水平。结果:1268例孕妇中,孕早、中、晚期尿碘中位数分别为100.3、110.5、105.2,孕早期尿碘水平最低,孕中期尿碘中位数高于孕晚期。孕期FT4参考值范围设定:孕早期12.50~25.10pmmol/L,孕中期12.10~23.10pmmol/L,孕晚期11.20~20.16pmmol/L;孕期TSH参考值范围设定:孕早期0.15~3.20m IU/L,孕中期0.40~3.90m IU/L,孕晚期0.50~4.12m IU/L。正常尿碘组、低尿碘组及高尿碘组的FT4、TSH均在正常范围,高尿碘组、低尿碘组的FT4均低于正常尿碘组(P0.05),3组的TSH值比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。1268例孕妇中,甲状腺功能异常者368例(29.02%),孕早期的甲状腺功能异常发生率高于孕中期及孕晚期,甲状腺功能异常以亚临床型甲减为主,其次为单纯TPOAb阳性。结论:淄博市孕期女性碘营养缺乏严重,需定期监测尿碘水平。随着孕周的增加,FT4值逐渐下降,而TSH值则呈上升趋势;尿碘异常早期可引起FT4的改变,对TSH影响不大。建议在妊娠早期对有甲状腺疾病危险因素的女性积极筛查甲状腺功能。     

昆明地区不同妊娠期甲状腺激素水平参考范围的建立及临床分析

目的:建立昆明地区不同妊娠期正常孕妇特异性甲状腺激素水平的参考范围,为妊娠期甲状腺疾病的诊治提供临床依据。方法:随机选取昆明医科大学第二附属医院门诊进行常规产检的不同孕期正常孕妇850例,其中妊娠早期(T1期,妊娠6～12~(+6)周)300例、妊娠中期(T2期,妊娠13～27~(+6)周) 300例、妊娠晚期(T3期,妊娠28～40周) 250例。选取同期体检的非妊娠妇女(对照组) 200例。检测促甲状腺激素(TSH)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)水平,中位数(M)及双侧限值(P_(2. 5)～P_(97. 5))建立甲状腺激素水平的参考范围。结果:(1)血清TSH的参考值范围在T1期、T2期、T3期分别为1. 91(0. 02～4. 23) mI U/L、2. 34(0. 21～4. 94) mI U/L、2. 37(0. 50～4. 60) mI U/L。血清FT3的参考值范围在T1期、T2期、T3期分别为4. 31(3. 23～6. 47) pmol/L、3. 80(2. 82～5. 20) pmol/L、3. 61 (2. 48～4. 89) pmol/L。血清FT4的参考值范围在T1期、T2期、T3期分别为12. 95(9. 33～20. 95) pmol/L、10. 40(7. 89～17. 79) pmol/L、9. 91(7. 32～15. 90)pmol/L。血清TSH中位数水平T1期较非孕期明显降低,至T2期、T3期逐渐回升,高于非孕期水平,并趋于稳定T2≈T3,两者比较无统计学差异(P>0. 05); T1期、T3期与非孕期比较,T2期、T3期与T1期比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0. 05)。血清FT3、FT4水平T1期、T2期、T3期较非孕期明显降低,T2期、T3期较T1期,T3期较T2期呈逐渐降低趋势,差异均有统计学意义(P<0. 05)。(2)按本研究参考值范围诊断标准:妊娠期甲减、亚甲减、甲亢、亚甲亢、低甲状腺素血症的总患病率分别为0. 35%、2. 23%、0. 47%、1. 29%、2. 94%。按非孕期的参考值范围诊断标准:甲减、亚甲减、甲亢、亚甲亢、低甲状腺素血症的患病率分别为4. 47%、3. 17%、1. 17%、5. 53%、34. 11%。按ATA诊断标准:甲减、亚甲减、甲亢、亚甲亢、低甲状腺素血症的患病率分别为12. 11%、21. 05%、0. 35%、3. 17%、18. 94%。本研究标准与非孕期标准及ATA标准比较,患病率具有明显的统计学差异(χ~2=36. 159、29. 162,P均=0. 000)。结论:妊娠期孕妇甲状腺激素水平与非孕正常妇女存在明显差异,不同孕期的参考值也不同,建立本地区、本医院妊娠期特异性甲状腺功能的参考范围以减少甲状腺疾病的误诊具有重要意义。     

锦州地区妊娠早期女性甲状腺功能的临床分析及参考值的建立#br#

目的分析锦州地区妊娠早期女性甲状腺功能的临床特点及建立参考值。方法选择辽宁省锦州地区150例妊娠早期女性作为研究组,同时选择150例健康非妊娠期女性作为对照组,通过罗氏检验平台检测血清促甲状腺激素(TSH)、游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、甲状腺球蛋白抗体(Tg Ab)以及甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)水平,随访并记录所有妊娠女性的妊娠结局。结果研究组血清TSH水平低于对照组,血清FT3、FT4、Tg Ab和TPOAb水平均高于对照组(P<0.05)。TSH参考值为(0.07~2.49)m IU/L、FT4参考值为(13.30~20.65)pmol/L。对所有妊娠女性跟踪随访中位数为32周,150例妊娠女性均为活产,其中140例(93.33%)顺产,仅出现早产1例(0.67%)、胎儿宫内窘迫1例(0.67%)、胎儿生长受限2例(1.33%),新生儿出生时体质量为(3212.97±276.75)g,Apgar评分为(9.65±0.22)分。结论锦州地区妊娠早期女性血清TSH水平明显降低,血清FT3、FT4、Tg Ab和TPOAb水平则明显升高,当地需建立妊娠妇女早孕期甲状腺激素正常参考值。     

汕头地区孕妇甲状腺功能参考值的建立及甲状腺功能异常的筛查

目的建立汕头地区妊娠妇女甲状腺激素功能指标的参考值范围,并依据该参考值了解本地区妊娠妇女甲状腺功能异常的发生情况。 方法对2013年1月至2015年12月期间在汕头大学医学院第二附属医院妇产科门诊就诊的837名妊娠妇女,进行血清甲状腺激素和甲状腺自身抗体检测。其中,2013年1月至2014年6月符合入组标准的367名妊娠妇女的甲状腺功能资料,用于建立本研究妊娠各期血清促甲状腺激素(Thyroid stimulating hormone, TSH)、游离甲状腺素(Free thyroxine, FT₄)的参考值。根据本研究初步建立的参考值,对2014年7月至2015年12月在汕头大学医学院第二附属医院妇产科门诊就诊的470名妊娠妇女进行甲状腺功能异常的筛查。 结果(1)初步建立的汕头地区妊娠妇女孕早、中和晚期血清TSH的正常参考范围分别为：0.07～5.34 mIU/L、0.09～4.96 mIU/L、0.05～6.59 mIU/L,血清FT₄的正常参考范围分别为：8.71～15.53 pmol/L、5.58～11.84 pmol/L、5.57～21.91 pmol/L;(2)本院就诊孕妇甲状腺功能异常的发生率：临床甲亢为1.91%(9/470)、亚临床甲亢为0.64%(3/470)、临床甲减为0、亚临床甲减为1.06%(5/470)。 结论建立汕头地区妊娠妇女甲状腺功能的参考值有利于本地区妊娠妇女甲状腺功能疾病的及时诊断和早期干预,从而减少疾病对孕妇及胎儿造成的影响。     

妊娠一过性甲状腺功能亢进与妊娠剧吐相关性研究

目的:通过观察妊娠剧吐患者孕期血清甲状腺功能及血清β-h CG水平,探讨妊娠剧吐合并一过性甲状腺功能亢进与血清β-h CG水平的相关性。方法:选取2008年1月至2013年12月因妊娠剧吐于大连医科大学附属第一医院产科住院治疗的129例孕妇,测定血清甲状腺功能,其中65例患者同时行血清β-h CG检测。分析患者血清甲状腺功能情况与β-h CG水平情况及两者相关性。根据患者孕周,分为A(5~(+1)~9周)、B(9~(+1)~12周)、C(12~(+1)~17~(+5)周)3组,分析各组甲状腺激素水平及β-h CG水平。结果:(1)129例妊娠剧吐患者的血清TSH、FT4、FT3水平中位数分别为0.446μIU/ml、19.17pmol/L、34.99pmol/L。A、B、C组患者血清TSH中位数为0.717μIU/ml、0.293μIU/ml和0.315μIU/ml;A组的血清TSH水平明显大于B、C组(P=0.043),但后两组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.086)。A、B、C组患者的血清β-h CG均数分别为(82465.56±45800.90)IU/L、(109338.00±52879.90)IU/L和(121179.67±43666.69)IU/L,3组间差异无统计学意义。(2)血清β-h CG与TSH两者之间存在显著负相关(r=-0.37,P0.01);β-h CG与FT4之间存在显著正相关(r=0.404,P0.01)。当妊娠剧吐患者血清β-h CG水平小于80000IU/L时,10.3%患者的血清TSH受到抑制;β-h CG为80 000~120 000IU/L时,47.4%血清TSH受到抑制;β-h CG大于120 000IU/L时,76.5%血清TSH受到抑制;差异有统计学意义(P=0.001)。结论:妊娠剧吐患者的血清β-h CG和TSH水平呈显著负相关,血清β-h CG和FT4水平呈显著正相关,当β-h CG水平大于120 000IU/L时,76.5%患者出现TSH水平抑制。     

鲁北地区正常妊娠女性甲状腺功能分析

目的:分析鲁北地区正常孕期女性的甲状腺功能情况。方法:选取鲁北地区省市县三级部分医疗中心自2015年11月至2017年5月就诊的正常妊娠不同孕期女性以及同年龄段育龄期妇女的甲功结果,分析比较相关数据。结果:非孕期、孕早期、孕中期、孕晚期的TSH范围分别为(2.17±0.67)m IU/L、(0.83±0.43)m IU/L、(1.83±0.79)m IU/L、(2.31±0.94)m IU/L;FT3范围分别为(4.95±0.64)pmol/L、(4.44±0.94)pmol/L、(3.71±0.38)pmol/L、(3.73±0.58)pmol/L;FT4范围分别为(17.00±1.44)pmol/L、(16.09±1.61)pmol/L、(14.14±0.86)pmol/L、(12.28±1.66)pmol/L;正常妊娠期女性的TSH、FT3、FT4水平与非妊娠期比较,妊娠早、中、晚期两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:鲁北地区妊娠期女性的甲状腺功能与非妊娠期女性及国内外指南比较,均存在一定差异,应对该地区不同孕期女性定期进行甲状腺功能检测的同时指导甲状腺药物和(或)调整孕期摄碘量维持该地区孕妇正常甲功水平。     

亚临床甲状腺功能减退与妊娠期高血压疾病关系的探讨

目的探讨妊娠合并亚临床甲状腺功能减退(甲减)与妊娠期高血压疾病的关系。方法选择80例妊娠28~34周妊娠期高血压疾病患者(其中子痫前期40例,妊娠期高血压40例)作为研究组,40例正常孕妇作为对照组,比较两组血清促甲状腺激素(TSH)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)及血脂等指标。结果子痫前期组、妊娠期高血压组患者血清TSH和TPOAb水平均高于对照组(P0.05),FT4水平低于对照组(P0.05);子痫前期组与妊娠期高血压组中亚临床甲减分别占27.5%(11/40)和25.0%(10/40),TPOAb阳性率分别为22.5%(9/40)和20.0%(8/40),均高于对照组(P0.05);妊娠期高血压疾病合并亚临床甲减患者血清总胆固醇(6.40±0.46)mmol/L、甘油三酯(2.42±0.42)mmol/L和低密度脂蛋白(3.80±0.25)mmol/L,均高于单纯妊娠期高血压疾病患者(P0.05)。结论妊娠期高血压疾病的发生可能与亚临床甲减相关,二者可能互为因果,并可能均与血脂代谢异常有关。     

妊娠期亚临床甲状腺功能减退症的筛查

亚临床甲状腺功能减退症( subclinical hypothyroidism,SCH)是指血清促甲状腺激素(thyroidstimulating hormone,TSH)高于正常,但血清游离甲状腺素( free thyroxine,FT4)在正常范围的一种情况.非孕妇中SCH发病率为4.0％～8.5％,年龄越大发病率越高,女性发病率较同年龄段男性高.因为诊断标准不统一,报道的妊娠期SCH发病率各不相同,估计发病率为2％～3％.临床甲状腺功能减退症(overt hypothyroidism,简称临床甲减)是指妊娠期TSH大于正常而FT4小于正常.若TSH＞ 10 mU/L,则无论FT4水平高低,都诊断为临床甲减.     

Trimester-specific reference intervals of thyroid function tests in Turkish pregnants

Abstract

Physiological changes in hormone levels occur in thyroid gland during pregnancy. Screening of the thyroid hormone levels and determining trimester-specific reference intervals in pregnancy are important. Guidelines recommend the use of trimester-specific reference ranges for each country. The aim of this study is to determine trimester-specific thyroid function reference intervals for pregnancy in Turkish population. In total, 5000 patients were screened out of which 1258 patients have all of fT3, fT4 and TSH levels measured, were included in the study. Patients were grouped as follows: 482 women were in first trimester, 361 women were in second trimester, and 415 women were in third trimester. All analyses were performed by means of chemiluminescence methods (Liaison^®; DiaSorin S.p.A., Saluggia, Italy). The TSH reference intervals were 0.005–3.65, 0.01–3.63, and 0.2–3.46 mIU/L at the first, the second, and the third trimesters of pregnancy, respectively. The fT4 reference intervals were 0.72–1.79, 0.71–1.26, and 0.65–1.12?ng/dL at the first, the second, and the third trimesters, respectively. The fT3 reference intervals were 2.45–4.03, 2.37–3.85, and 2.31–3.77?ng/dL at the first, the second, and the third trimesters, respectively. It is crucial to determine population- and gestational-specific reference intervals for trustworthy treatment of pregnants.     

Valores de referencia de hormonas tiroideas en la población de gestantes en Lugo

Background and objectiveThe complex physiology of thyroid function during pregnancy requires a hormonal evaluation according to reference values for each trimester, each area, and with the techniques of each laboratory. The objectives of this study were to analyse thyroid function in the three trimesters of pregnancy and to establish the reference values of hormones in pregnant women in this health area (Lugo).MethodsA total of 831 pregnant women were included in the study (median age: 33 years, age range: 16-47 years). Once the exclusion criteria were applied, the sample consisted of 641 pregnant women, a size that can be considered representative of the reference population.ResultsThe reference intervals were as follows: TSH first trimester, 0.10-3.74 mIU/L; second trimester, 0.45-3.77 mIU/L; and third trimester, 0.36-4.15 mIU/L. For Free T4 in the first trimester, 0.87-1.34 ng/dL; second trimester, 0.78-1.20 ng/dL; and third trimester, 0.78-1.23 ng/dL. For Free T3 in the first trimester, 2.52-3.78 pg/mL; second trimester, 2.22-3.21 pg/mL; and third trimester, 2.17-3.14 pg/mL. The presence of thyroid autoimmunity was confirmed in 109 women (13.1%), who presented with higher TSH values than pregnant women without thyroid autoimmunity.ConclusionThe reference intervals for TSH, Free T4, and Free T3 obtained in this study are below those used in the non-pregnant adult population in this laboratory. This should help to identify more accurately a possible thyroid dysfunction in pregnant women in the study area, avoiding an underdiagnosis of subclinical hypothyroidism and reducing the possible associated perinatal complications.     

Study on serum TSH and its response to TRH measured by a high sensitive immunoradiometric assay during and after pregnancy

With a new highly sensitive immunoradiometric assay (IRMA), serum thyrotropin (TSH) concentrations were determined in 213 healthy pregnant women. Serum free thyroxine (FT4) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) levels were also measured in the same individuals. The mean serum TSH value in the 1st trimester was 0.8 microU/ml and significantly lower than those of the other three periods and non-pregnant women. Seventeen of 77 (22.1%) and 2 of 128 (1.6%) subjects in the 1st and 3rd trimester, respectively, had an undetectable serum TSH value (less than 0.1 microU/ml) with normal or slightly elevated serum FT4 levels and these pregnant women had no clinical signs or symptoms of thyrotoxicosis. Significant positive correlations were found between serum FT4 and HCG in the 1st and 3rd trimester. In 13 subjects whose serum basal TSH values had been less than 0.1 microU/ml, the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation test was performed. Two of 4 subjects in the 1st trimester and one of 8 subjects in the 2nd trimester did not respond to TRH and their serum TSH values before TRH administration were less than 0.1 microU/ml. Although the exact mechanism of blunted TSH response to TRH is not clear, the feedback suppression of serum TSH by slightly elevated serum FT4 concentrations may occur early in pregnancy. However, in the 3rd trimester serum FT4 values fell below the reference range without an elevation of serum TSH. Other factors regulating the secretion of TSH during pregnancy can be postulated.     

Thyroid screening in pregnancy — A study of 82 women

Objectives

To create awareness, lay down a new criterion to pick up probable cases, and draw a proper management protocol for hypothyroidism in pregnancy.

Methods

Inclusion criteria — All normal pregnant women and those with thyroid problems were included in the study. Exclusion criteria — All others who had diabetes, collagen disease, heart disease with pregnancy were excluded from the study. Eighty two women were screened for hypothyroidism in pregnancy using T3, T4, TSH and FT4. A new screening criterion was followed [TSH value — 0.5–1.5 mIU/ml i.e biological range]. Women with TSH in pregnancy were followed up. Women with TSH value above 3mIU/ml, were considered hypothyroid and received treatment with L-Thyroxin. The group with a TSH value 2–3 mIU/ml was assessed with FT4. Those with low values or those with increasing TSH value on subsequent follow up received treatment.

Results

Study group consisted of 62 Primigravidae and 20 multigravidae. A. 40[32P + 8M] > 3 TSH value, these women received treatment with L-Thyroxin B. 24[16P + 8M] 2–3 TSH value, C. 18[14P + 4M] <2 TSH value. According to thyroid status, they were categorized into euthyroid — [27 true euthyroid + 4 potential hypothyroid] and overt hypothyroid — [43 adequately treated and 6 inadequately treated], two were untreated. Inadequately treated and potential hypothyroid pregnant women landed with miscarriages or pregnancy inducted hypertension, oligohydramnios and IUGR.

Conclusions

Potential and inadequately treated hypothyroid patients present with problems in pregnancy, while adequately treated hypothyroid and true euthyroid women get normal ongoing pregnancies. So to identify these potential or overt hypothyroid women, thyroid screening with T3, T4, TSH and FT4 must be done during prenatal period, at first booking, and repeated at 8 weeks interval thereafter, in pregnancy. TSH value should be kept below 2mIU/ml to get adequate control.     

Prevalences of subclinical and overt hypothyroidism with universal screening in early pregnancy

To reveal the prevalence of subclinical and overt hypothyroidism among Turkish population during pregnancy. Also to investigate the prevalence of hypothyroidism using ATA 2017 criteria. This is a cross-sectional study. Patients were consisted of 1416 consecutive pregnant women who were universally screened for thyroid disease in their first trimester between 2013 and 2015. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free T4 (FT4) levels were analyzed during the first antenatal visit (before 12 weeks of gestation). We compared different cutoffs for TSH. We further determined the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles for TSH and FT4. Initially, the cutoff of 2.5 IU/ml was selected. Accordingly, 305 women (22.3%) had subclinical hypothyroidism and 22 (1.6%) was diagnosed with overt hypothyroidism. When the cutoff was increased to 4 IU/ml, only 40 (2.9%) women were diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Prevalences of overt hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism were 0.6% and 2.3%, respectively. Universal screening of pregnant women with TSH, using the 2.5 mIU/L cutoff; one in four women was found to be a candidate for thyroid hormone replacement in our cohort. When the cutoff was determined to be 4 mIU/L, prevalence of hypothyroidism decreased approximately 10 times.     

548例妊娠期甲状腺功能筛查指征及亚临床甲减对妊娠结局影响的分析

目的回顾性分析妊娠期甲状腺功能的筛查指征及阳性率;阐明妊娠合并亚临床甲减对妊娠结局的影响。方法 2008年1月至2010年12月在北京大学第一医院产科分娩的孕妇行甲状腺功能检测者548例,对其筛查指征进行比较;对TSH水平正常孕妇的FT4水平按妊娠时期分类,取妊娠特异性FT4水平的95%可信区间作为本研究FT4的正常参考值,分组比较亚临床甲减组和对照组孕妇不良妊娠结局的差异。结果 548例孕妇中发现高TSH血症111例,应用高危因素筛查策略仅能检出49例（44.1%）;TSH正常组FT4水平行妊娠周期特异性分组,妊娠早、中、晚期FT4的水平呈下降趋势,组间P值均〈0.001;得出的FT4的频率分布95%可信区间作为参考值,对两组（亚临床甲减组和对照组）孕妇不良妊娠结局进行比较,两组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论实施高危因素的甲状腺功能筛查策略甲状腺功能异常漏诊率较高;尚未发现亚临床甲减与孕妇不良妊娠结局之间的相关性。     

正常孕妇垂体-甲状腺轴功能变化的研究

目的了解正常孕妇妊娠各期及产后垂体-甲状腺轴功能的变化;探讨妊娠期人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)对垂体-甲状腺轴的调节作用.方法采用放射免疫法,测定正常孕妇妊娠早、中、晚期及产后甲状腺功能参数[血清总三碘甲状腺原氨酸(TT3)、总甲状腺素(TT4)、血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、促甲状腺素(TSH)]、hCG及甲状腺结合球蛋白(TBG)的水平.结果(1)血清TT3、TT4水平在妊娠各期均较产后显著升高,其中TT4在妊娠早期最高为(170.00±40.28)nmol/L,TT3在妊娠中期最高为(2.64±0.53)mmol/L.(2)血清FT3水平在妊娠早期[(4.37±0.78)pmol/L]和中期[(4.75±0.90)pmol/L]显著升高,晚期[(3.94±0.75)pmol/L]下降,产后最低(2.96±0.84)pmol/L];血清FT4妊娠早期最高[(14.07±1.44)pmol/L],中期[(12.86±0.84)pmol/L]和晚期(11.29±1.00)pmol/L]逐渐下降,产后[(10.45±1.45)pmol/L]最低.(3)血清TSH水平在妊娠早期最低为(0.88±0.83)mU/L,妊娠中期[(1.86±1.04)mU/L]和晚期[(1.48±0.90)mU/L]上升,产后(2.82±1.42)mU/L]达最高峰.(4)血清hCG水平在妊娠早期最高为(309.05±320.02)μg/L,中期(69.11±19.18)μg/L]和晚期[(86.25±44.60)μg/L]下降,产后[(29.95±20.91)μg/L]最低.(5)hCG与TSH呈负相关,而与FT4、TT4呈正相关.结论(1)hCG可能在整个妊娠期及产后一定时间内,对垂体-甲状腺轴功能有一定的调节作用.(2)产后部分孕妇处于一过性甲状腺功能低减状态.     

早孕期甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体阳性对甲状腺功能的影响

目的：探讨妊娠8~12周甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)阳性对甲状腺功能的影响。方法：对2010年9月至2011年6月北京友谊医院产科门诊行产前检查的611例无甲状腺疾病高危因素的健康初产妇,于妊娠8~12周进行甲状腺功能[促甲状腺激素(TSH)、游离四碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT4)]和TPOAb的检测,通过制定早孕期甲状腺功能正常参考区间,分析TPOAb阳性切割值、阳性率及对TSH、FT4的影响。结果：(1)妊娠8~12周TPOAb中位数值及变化范围为38.9(6.4~>1300)mU/L。(2)通过建立妊娠8~12周人群特异参考标准,以第90百分位计算TPOAb阳性切割值为206.77 mU/L,TPOAb阳性率为10.8%(66/611)。(3)回归分析显示：TPOAb滴度与TSH呈正相关,与FT4呈负相关,P值均为0.000。妊娠8~12周TPOAb阳性妇女TSH中位数值较TPOAb阴性者升高0.4 mU/L,前者TSH异常升高的风险是后者的4.4倍。结论：妊娠8~12周TPOAb阳性率为10.8%,通过建立妊娠期人群特异甲状腺功能参考标准和TPOAb阳性切割值,可避免过高估计TPOAb的阳性率。TPOAb阳性孕妇发生TSH异常升高的风险明显增加。     

Assessment of thyroid functions and thyroid volume in normal pregnant Egyptian females

Abstract

The normal range of thyroid functions during pregnancy differs between ethnic groups. This study assessed the thyroid functions in normal pregnant Egyptian females. Thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO Abs) and thyroid volume were also assessed. The study included 150 normal pregnant Egyptian females, recruited from Cairo University Hospital Antenatal Care Clinic (50 in each trimester), with 40 age-matched non-pregnant females, as a control group. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and TPO Abs were measured. Thyroid volume was assessed by ultrasonography. TSH ranges were 0.21–1.7, 0.52–3.2 and 0.72–2.6 mIU/L during first, second and third trimesters, respectively. The mean TSH level in pregnant females was significantly lower than that of non-pregnant women (1.2?±?0.7 vs 2.7?±?0.9 mIU/L, p?<?.001). TPO Abs were significantly higher in the first trimester compared to both second and third trimesters (p?<?.001 for both). Thyroid volume of pregnant females was non-significantly higher than that of non-pregnant control subjects (p?=?.126). A significant positive correlation was found between thyroid volume and body mass index in pregnant females (p?<?0.001). Our study established trimester-specific reference ranges for thyroid functions in normal pregnant Egyptian females. A larger population-based study would help to confirm those ranges. Thyroid volume was non-significantly higher than that of non-pregnant control subjects.