三七果梗皂甙成分的研究

从三七果梗中分离得6种皂甙,经理化数据和光谱分析证明为人参皂甙-Rc,-Rbs,-Re,三七皂甙-Fe,-Re及绞股蓝皂甙Ⅸ。     

三七化学成分研究概况

 本文对三七化学成分研究的进展作了概述。三七含有多种化学成分，其中三七皂甙是三七的主要有效成分之一，目前已从三七各不同生长部位中分离并鉴定到20种单体皂甙成分；三七还舍有其它的药用成分如三七素、黄酮、挥发油、氨基酸、植物甾醇、糖类及无机盐和无机离子等。本文同时对三七皂甙成分的提取、分离及舍量测定方法作了评述。     

大孔树脂吸附-分光光度法测定三七蜂王浆中三七皂甙

<正> 三七蜂王浆是四川广汉制药厂生产的保健药品,具滋补强壮,活血化瘀,增强免疫,预防冠心病的功效。为了保证该药的内在质量,本文采用薄层色谱法对其中主要有效成分三七皂甙进行了检识,并用大孔树脂吸附-分光光度法测定了三七皂甙的含量。     

薄层扫描法测定三七片中人参皂甙Rg1的含量

目的：测定三七片中人参皂甙Ｒｇ_１的含量。方法：双波长薄层扫描法。结果：６个药厂生产的三七片中人参皂甙Ｒｇ１的含量为１４．６４～２０．０１ｍｇ／ｇ。结论：本法简便、灵敏、准确、可供本品质量控制用。     

三七皂甙成分研究进展

近来,对于人参属药物三七(Panax noto-ginseng.Sanchi ginseng)的研究特别活跃。据国内外的有关文献报导,仅就三七的主要活性成分皂甙类的研究概况作以简介,并对前不久分离鉴定出的新成分三七人参皂甙R_3、-R_4、-R_6的研究方法作以概述,希望对进一步寻找三七新的有效成分有所帮助。 1 概况有关三七的研究,除我国外,日本学者研究得较多,到目前为止,从著名的中国传统的草药——三七中已经分离鉴定出了二十六种皂甙成分。按其结构中甙元的不同分为三类:20(s)原人参二醇型有人参皂甙-Rb_1、-Rb_2、Rb_3、-Rc、-Rd、-F_2,丝石竹皂甙     

薄层扫描法测定三七片中人参皂甙Rg1的含量

目的：测定三七片中人参皂甙Ｒｇ_１的含量。方法：双波长薄层扫描法。结果：６个药厂生产的三七片中人参皂甙Ｒｇ１的含量为１４．６４～２０．０１ｍｇ／ｇ。结论：本法简便、灵敏、准确、可供本品质量控制用。     

高效液相色谱法测定复方丹参片三七皂甙R1的含量

高效液相色谱法测定复方丹参片三七皂甙R1的含量邸峰孙毅坤(北京市药品检验所100035)复方丹参片为中国药典收载品种。由丹参、三七和冰片组成。其中三七为名贵中药材,其主要有效成分为皂甙类,三七皂甙R1为其特有化学成分。报道的含量测定方法为:薄层扫描法测定三七中人参皂甙Rg1和Rb1[1];高效液相色谱-紫外分光检测法测三七皂甙R1和Rg1,测定波长203nm,实验条件要求严格[2]。本文采用高效液相-差示检测法测定三七皂甙R1含量。实?...     

生三七和熟三七皂甙成分的分离和鉴定

按照云南白药生产工艺将三七粗根制成生三七粉和熟三七扮,经乙醇热提乙醚脱脂后用正丁醇提得粗皂甙。粗皂甙经层析分离,光谱分析表明,生三七和熟三七的皂甙成分相似,但熟三七的粗皂甙得率低于生三七,并且熟三七的双糖基甙含量一般较低,而单糖基甙得率较高。     

跌打丸质量分析研究

本文通过薄层鉴别和薄层扫描定量,分析了跌打丸中三七、当归、续断等九味药的特征斑点和半成品、成品中人参皂甙Rg₁的含量,可为生产厂家和药检部门制订跌打丸质量标准提供依据。     

生长环境与三七皂甙含量

研究不同环境对三七皂甙含量的影响，探索形成道地三七的生态成因，为优质三七栽培提供依据。调查了三七种植环境，并结合人工设计的田间小气候、分析三七皂甙含量。研究结果表明：环境对三七皂甙含量有一定影响，尤其光照时数和强度是影响三七皂甙含量的主导生态因子。低纬高海拔的特殊环境是形成云南文山道地三七的重要生态因素。     

四川寄生与灰毛寄生黄酮成分的研究

四川寄生为常用中药桑寄生主流品种之一,从叶中分得三种黄色结晶,理化鉴定及光谱分析证明为槲皮甙,广寄生甙及槲皮素。从其变种——灰毛寄生叶中分得相同的黄酮化合物。     

Antioxidant and 15-lipoxygenase inhibitory activities of the Malian medicinal plants Diospyros abyssinica (Hiern) F. White (Ebenaceae), Lannea velutina A. Rich (Anacardiaceae) and Crossopteryx febrifuga (Afzel) Benth. (Rubiaceae)

The African flora contains numerous medicinal plants whose biological and chemical properties are incompletely known. Antioxidant and radical scavenging properties of plants are subject to intensive research. In the work described here, we have investigated the antioxidant activity of the plants Diospyros abyssinica (root bark), Lannea velutina (root bark and stem bark) and Crossopteryx febrifuga (seeds). Extracts of different polarity were assayed for radical scavenging activity, using the stable free radical diphenylpicrylhydrazyl, and for inhibition of enzymatic lipid peroxidation mediated by soybean 15-lipoxygenase. All plants investigated showed activity, but there were large differences between plants and between extracts. In general, Diospyros abyssinica and Lannea velutina were richer in antioxidants than Crossopteryx febrifuga. Lipophilic extracts were not active as radical scavengers, but did inhibit 15-lipoxygenase. Semipolar extracts (80% aqueous ethanol and methanol) of Diospyros abyssinica and Lannea velutina showed the highest activity both as radical scavengers and lipoxygenase inhibitors, and also gave the highest extract yields. These plants therefore appear to be excellent sources of antioxidants.     

Antimalarial activity of Sida acuta Burm. f. (Malvaceae) and Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. (Fabaceae)

Among strategies to combat malaria, the search for new antimalarial drugs appears to be a priority. Sheering for new antimalarial activities, four plants of the traditional medicine of Burkina Faso: Combretum micranthum, Khaya senegalensis, Pterocarpus erinaceus and Sida acuta, were tested in vitro on fresh clinical isolates of Plasmodium falciparum. The screening showed that Sida acuta has a significant activity (IC50 < 5 microg/ml), and Pterocarpus erinaceus has a moderate activity (5 microg/ml < IC50 < 50 microg/ml). Further chemical screening showed that the activity of the most active plant, Sida acuta, was related to its alkaloid contents.     

穿心莲对正常小鼠和高血糖小鼠血糖影响的实验研究

目的研究穿心莲水煮液对小鼠血糖的影响。方法分别对正常、肾上腺素诱导高血糖和四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠,以5,10,20 g.kg-1穿心莲灌胃给药,对照组给予相同体积纯化水,观察给药后的降血糖作用。结果穿心莲连续给药7d,能明显降低四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠的血糖,与纯化水对照组比较,差异有极显著性(P<0.01)。对正常小鼠血糖无影响;亦不能抑制肾上腺素诱导的小鼠血糖升高。结论实验结果初步表明穿心莲水煮液有降血糖的作用。     

Antibacterial activity of Marula (Sclerocarya birrea (A. rich.) Hochst. subsp. caffra (Sond.) Kokwaro) (Anacardiaceae) bark and leaves.

Marula bark is widely used for bacteria-related diseases by indigenous cultures in Africa. This study was undertaken to investigate whether the ethnobotanical use can be validated by laboratory studies. Bark and leaves were extracted with acetone and MIC values were determined using a microplate serial dilution technique with Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis as test organisms. All extracts were active with MIC values from 0.15 to 3 mg/ml. Based on minimum inhibitory concentration values, inner bark extracts tended to be the most potent followed by outer bark and leaf extracts, but the differences were not statistically significant. There were two major bioactive components visible after bioautography of leaf extracts: one strongly polar and the other highly non-polar. The bioactive components could be separated from 92% of the non-active dry matter by solvent-solvent fractionation into the carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and n-butanol fractions; these fractions, however, still contained many different compounds. Using bark may be detrimental to the plant, but leaf material can also be used for antibacterial application.     

Phytotherapy Research,Vol. 11 (6), pp. 454-456 (1997). Diuretic and antidiuretic activity of the leaf extracts of Vernonia cinerea. (Less) (Fam. Compositae)

A typesetting error occurred in the caption to Table 2 on page 455. The caption to Table 2 should read: ‘Table 2. Dose response study of antidiuretic effects of Vernonia cinerea methanol leaf extract (VCMLE) in rats’ rather than: ‘Table 2. Dose response study of diuretic effects of Vernonia cinerea chloroform leaf extract (VCMLE) in rats’ Also, in Tables 2 and 3, the heading in column 6 should read: ‘Antidiuretic activity of extract (F/N)’ rather than: ‘Antidiuretic activity of extract (N/F)’.     

Pharmacological activities of extracts of Daniellia oliveri (Rolfe) Hutch. and Dalz. (Leguminosae)

Extracts of the stem bark of Daniellia oliveri using hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol were tested for analgesic, antipyretic and antiinflammatory activities. The hexane extract exhibited a dose related analgesic activity whilst the methanolic extract was active in the induced inflammatory condition. The ethyl acetate extract was relatively inactive and none of the extracts showed any antipyretic activity. Metabolic cage studies showed that a 70% ethanolic extract of the bark caused significant decreases in body weight, food intake, urine and stool output of rats. This extract also exhibited a competitive antagonism on histamine-induced contractions of the guinea-pig ileum and a non-competitive inhibition of acetyl choline-induced contraction of the frog rectus abdominis muscle.     

Antineoplastic agents. 522. Hernandia peltata (Malaysia) and Hernandia nymphaeifolia (Republic of Maldives)

Bioassay (P388 lymphocytic leukemia cell line and human tumor cell lines)-guided separation of the extracts prepared from the tropical and coastal trees Hernandia peltata (Malaysia) and Hernandianymphaeifolia (Republic of Maldives) led to the isolation of a new lignan designated as hernanol (1) and 12 previously known lignans: (-)-deoxypodophyllotoxin (2), deoxypicropodophyllin (3), (+)-epiaschantin (4), (+)-epieudesmin (5), praderin (6), 5'-methoxyyatein (7), podorhizol (8), deoxypodorhizone (9), bursehernin (10), kusunokinol (11), clusin (12), and (-)-maculatin (13). The oxidative cyclization (with VOF(3)) of lignans 8, 9, and 10 resulted in a new and unusual benzopyran (14), isostegane (15), and a new dibenzocyclooctadiene lactone (16), respectively. The structure and relative stereochemistry of hernanol (1) and lignans 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 were determined by 1D and 2DNMR and HRMS analyses. The structures and absolute stereochemistry of structures 2, 4, 5, 6, 13, 14, 15, and 16 were unequivocally determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Evaluation against the murine P388 lymphocytic leukemia cell line and human tumor cell lines showed podophyllotoxin derivatives 2 and 3 to be strong cancer cell line growth inhibitors and substances 4, 5, 8, and 15 to have marginal cancer cell line inhibitory activities. Seven of the lignans and one of the synthetic modifications (14) inhibited growth of the pathogenic bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae.     

Diuretic and antidiuretic diuretic of the leaf extracts of Vernonia cinerea (Less) (Fam. Compositae)

The diuretic and anti-diuretic potency of the leaf extracts of Vernonia cinerea was studied in albino rats. The chloroform extract of the leaf induced significant diuresis, while the methanol and aqueous extracts induced significant antidiuresis in rats. In both cases, the observed effects on urine volume and electrolyte excretion were dose dependent. The trend was a significant increase (in the case of diuresis) in natriuretic and kaliuretic activity and a significant decrease (in the case of antidiuresis) in natriuresis and kaliuresis. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.