超早期去大骨瓣减压术治疗大面积脑梗死的效果分析

目的探讨超早期去大骨瓣减压术治疗大面积脑梗死的疗效。方法 24例大面积脑梗死患者分为超早期组(12例)和常规组(12例),分别给予超早期+去大骨瓣减压术治疗和择期+去大骨瓣减压术治疗,对比两组治疗效果。结果超早期组术后7d的GCS评分显著高于常规组,30dNIHSS评分显著低于常规组,3个月BI评分显著高于常规组。超早期组死亡率为8.33%,常规组死亡率25%,两组各项指标比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论大面积脑梗死患者一旦确诊应尽早手术,超早期去大骨瓣减压术是改善患者神经功能的有效手段。     

超早期去骨瓣减压术治疗大面积脑梗死

目的探讨超早期去骨瓣减压术治疗大面积脑梗死对神经功能预后的影响。方法收集大面积脑梗死病人12例,分为超早期组(<6 h)和常规组;以弥散磁共振(DWI)为超早期手术指征,对比分析两组病人术后7 d GCS评分,30 d NIHSS和3个月的Bather index(BI)评分及病死率。结果超早期组和常规组病人术后7 d GCS分别为10.65±3.03和6.71±2.96;30 d NIHSS分别为16.24±3.20和34.68±5.48;3个月BI分别为69.58±10.17和40.61±8.96;病死率分别为16.67%和33.34%。两组病人术后的各项指标比较均有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论以DWI为指征的超早期去骨瓣减压术治疗大面积脑梗死是改善神经功能预后的有效手段。     

标准大骨瓣开颅术治疗大面积脑梗死的临床研究

目的探讨标准大骨瓣开颅去大骨瓣减压术与大骨瓣开颅去大骨瓣常规减压术对治疗大面积脑梗死的效果。方法将60例大面积脑梗死患者（脑梗死面积〉4cm）随机分成研究组（标准大骨瓣开颅）和对照组（常规大骨瓣开颅）,在治疗前后对全部患者均进行GCS评分、头颅CT检查并测量脑梗死灶范围和中线结构移位,TCD监测脑血流情况。根据两组的治疗结果比较其疗效。结果术后7d研究组较对照组的GCS评分、脑梗死范围和中线结构移位有显著性差异（P〈0．05）;脑血流明显改善。14d后研究组的各项指标接近正常。研究组死亡率为3．33％,对照组为16．6％。结论标准大骨瓣开颅去大骨瓣减压术治疗大面积脑梗死伴天幕裂孔疝能减少并发症,降低死亡率,是手术治疗大面积脑梗死的有效方法。     

-手术治疗大面积脑梗塞患者的临床效果

目的:评价手术治疗大面积脑梗塞患者的效果,为脑梗治疗提供参考。方法:选择我院2017年1月-2018年6月期间收治治疗的70例大面积脑梗塞患者,随机分为内科保守治疗的对照组、加行大骨瓣减压手术治疗的观察组,对比2组大面积脑梗塞患者的临床效果以及脑梗塞面积、神经功能缺损评分、日常生活能力评分改善情况。结果:观察组脑梗塞患者致残情况轻于对照组,死亡率以及脑梗塞面积、神经功能缺损评分均少于对照组,治疗后日常生活能力评分高于对照组,P0.05。结论:给予大面积脑梗塞患者大骨瓣减压手术治疗可以提高患者生存率、生存质量,预后效果显著。     

显微手术与传统开颅手术治疗高血压脑出血的比较

目的探讨显微手术治疗高血压脑出血疗效和预后,与传统大骨瓣开颅进行比较分析。方法回顾分析2006年1月至2008年9月期间超早期手术治疗的76例高血压脑出血患者,与2006年1月以前大骨瓣开颅手术治疗的高血压脑出血患者127例,比较二者在病死率、预后、住院时间、医疗费用方面的差异。结果超早期手术组病死率为14.2%,大骨辫开颅组病死率为15.4%(P>0.05)。经过6个月至3年随访,超早期手术组患者恢复良好率为64.3%,大骨瓣开颅组为48.2%(P<0.05)。两组之间平均住院天数分别为超早期组16.2d,大骨瓣开颅组19.5d(P<0.05)。平均住院费用二者分别为超早期组9546.12元,大骨瓣开颅组12123.28元(P<0.05)。结论超早期微创手术治疗高血压脑出血患者预后优于传统的大骨瓣开颅手术治疗,值得推广。     

标准外伤大骨瓣开颅术治疗天幕疝

目的评价标准外伤大骨瓣减压手术治疗天幕疝的疗效。方法76例额颞顶颅内血肿及脑挫伤致脑疝形成的颅脑损伤患者采用标准外伤大骨瓣开颅减压手术治疗,并与同期收治的72例常规骨瓣开颅手术组进行比较。结果标准外伤大骨瓣减压手术治疗组76例中,恢复良好42例,中残11例,重残8例,植物生存3例,病死12例;常规骨瓣开颅手术组72例中,恢复良好15例,中残12例,重残10例,植物生存5例,病死30例。两组对比,疗效存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论标准外伤性大骨瓣开颅减压手术能明显改善额颞顶颅内血肿及脑挫伤致脑疝的颅脑损伤患者的预后,并降低病死率。     

标准大骨瓣开颅减压术在治疗颅脑出血中的临床应用分析

目的：探讨标准大骨瓣开颅减压术在治疗颅脑出血的疗效。方法：将64例重型颅脑出血患者随机平分为两组,治疗组采用标准大骨瓣开颅减压术,对照组采用传统开颅血肿清除术。结果：治疗组良好率为46.9%,死亡率为6.3%。对照组良好率为18.8%,死亡率为18.8%。治疗组的良好率与死亡率都明显好于对照组（P均〈0.05）。结论：标准大骨瓣减压术可降低颅脑出血患者的死亡率,提高治疗良好率,是治疗颅脑出血患者的理想手术方式,值得推广应用。     

早期去骨瓣减压治疗脑外伤后顽固性颅内高压的疗效评估

目的比较严重脑损伤后的急性弥漫性脑肿胀后的早期去骨瓣减压术与早期非手术组治疗效果。方法 2006-2008年我院收治30例严重颅脑损伤后出现急性弥漫性脑肿胀患者,将30例患者随机分成2组,早期去骨瓣减压组16例,在伤后24h内行去骨瓣减压;早期非手术组14例患者给予20%甘露醇,速尿,地塞米松降压治疗,其中3例6d后出现脑疝,行急诊手术。半年后,按照哥拉斯预后评分给两组患者进行评分。结果早期去骨瓣减压组marshall分级平均3级,早期非手术组平均2级。早期手术组术后GOS 5分10例,GOS 4分6例,非手术组2例死亡,3例在6d后接受了晚期去骨瓣减压手术治疗,12例幸存患者5例GOS 5分,4例GOS 4分,3例GOS 3分。结论对急性弥漫性脑肿胀患者于伤后数小时内行去骨瓣减压术可防止患者脑肿胀进一步的恶化,明显降低死亡率和严重神经功能障碍率。     

去骨瓣减压术治疗大面积脑梗死19例临床分析

目的：探讨去骨瓣减压术对大面积脑梗死患者的手术适应证、手术时机、手术方法及预后的影响。方法：对本院收治的19例大面积脑梗死的患者。根据入院的时间分为早期12h内和晚期12h后进行去骨瓣减压术治疗,其中,动脉血栓性脑梗死13例,脑栓塞3例,外伤性2例,动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后脑血管痉挛性1例。结果：手术治疗19例中,死亡5例,早期手术10例中死亡1例,晚期手术9例中死亡4例,随访6个月～2年,恢复良好4例,中度残疾8例,重度残疾2例。结论：早期行去骨瓣减压术能降低大面积脑梗死的死亡率,促进神经功能的恢复。     

去大骨瓣减压术治疗幕上大面积脑梗塞30例临床分析

目的探讨去大骨瓣减压术治疗幕上急性大面积脑梗塞的临床疗效及预后。方法回顺性分析去大骨瓣减压的30例患者,总结其手术指征、手术时机及手术方法。结果本组病例随访1~5年,能够生活自理者10例,轻残生活需要照顾者15例,重残3例,自动出院后死亡2例。结论治疗幕上急性大面积脑梗塞的关键是控制脑水肿及急性颅内压增高,去大骨瓣减压术是解决这些关键问题的有效方法,并应尽早施行,可以降低死亡率及致残率。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.