3682例小儿烧伤住院患者病因特征分析

目的 调查10岁以下小儿烧伤住院患者伤因特点,为预防控制小儿烧伤提供理论依据.方法 采用同顾性分析,对37所部队医院在2007年收治的10岁以下小儿烧伤住院患者病例资料进行总结.结果 10岁以下小儿烧伤男孩高于女孩,主要发生在2岁以下低龄儿童,其中1岁幼儿烧伤风险最高,随小儿年龄增长烧伤发牛危险和烧伤程度均呈下降趋势.热液烧伤是其最主要的原因,占87.6%,每年4月～8月发生率较高;冬季是火焰烧伤和热物烧伤高发季节,火焰烧伤随着小儿年龄增长发生比例逐渐增高;化学烧伤和电烧伤导致烧伤程度重于热液烧伤和火焰烧伤,电烧伤在年长儿童中发生多,主要集中发牛在7、8月份.结论 针对烧伤发生的不同特点制定预防措施,可能会更加有效地预防儿童烧伤的发生,这对个人和社会均具有重要的意义.     

小儿烧伤败血症34例治疗体会

我科1990～1993年共收治小儿烧伤697例，其中败血症34例。发生率4．88％。治愈23例，治愈率676％；死亡：11例，死亡率32．4％。临床资料一、一般情况本组34例中，男27例，女7例。年龄3个月～11岁。烧伤面积为18％～52％，Ⅲ度面积13％～44％。17例热液烫伤，13例火焰烧伤，4例电烧伤。伤后24h内入院19例；24～48h入院10例；3～10d入院5例。渗出期入院29例，发生休克26例，休克发生率89．66％二、临床表现烧伤败血症多发生于伤后第3～7d，最早于伤后17h。主要临床表现为：持续高热，体温高达39．5～41℃，或持续在36℃以下；患儿躁动．哭闹…     

282例儿童烧伤流行病学调查及预防措施

目的通过儿童烧伤的流行病学调查，探讨儿童烧伤的预防措施。方法对282例儿童烧伤病例进行资料分析。结果烧伤患儿中以1～3岁年龄组儿童最多，占总人数的53．90％，5岁以下占94．60％。其中烫伤225例，占儿童烧伤的79．78％，热液是儿童烧伤的主要原因，以6—9月份发病率较高，占全年的51．42％。烧伤程度以轻、中度烧伤为主，占87．58％。结论儿童烧伤具有可预防性，提高安全意识，加强儿童监护，改善生活条件能有效预防儿童烧伤的发生。     

80例烧伤治疗小结

烧伤不论在军内军外,平时战时均较常见。现将我院1972～1981年10年来资料完整的80例烧伤治疗情况作一小结。 临床资料 1、发病情况:本组病例男61人,女19人,男女之比为3.2:1。成人60例,小儿(12岁以下)20例,成人小儿之比3:1。成人烧伤中军队36人,地方24人。 2、致伤原因:80例中以火焰伤为最多,共46例(57.50％),其次为热液烫伤,31例(占38.75％)。但20例小儿伤中热液烫伤16例、占80％。化学伤1例、电击伤2例。     

小儿烧伤休克33例救治体会

2006年6月-2009年5月,我们共收治小儿烧伤休克33例。现分析报告如下。 1临床资料 1．1一般情况33例中,男15例,女18例;年龄3个月～12岁。致伤原因：热液烫伤30例,火焰烧伤3例。伤后至入院时间1～30h。烧伤面积12％～60％总体表面积（TBSA）,均为浅Ⅱ度或散片状Ⅲ度烧伤。休克表现：出现四肢厥冷等末梢循环不良表现,非创面皮肤苍白或呈花斑状,以及神志异常、呼吸及心率加快、血压显著下降等。     

沥青烧伤的治疗

沥青烧伤是工矿较多见的一种烧伤。１９８０～１９８８年我院收治沥青烧伤１７例，占同期烧伤的１２．８％。报告如下。临床资料男１３例，女４例，年龄１９～６８岁，平均２８．１岁。其中皮肤被灼热沥青烫伤１３例，沥青火焰烧伤４例。烧伤部位：面部１例，头颈部合并四...     

输注父母同型血治疗小儿重度烧伤140例

1992年以来，我科在常规治疗的基础上，开展了少量多次输注父母同型血救治小儿重度烧伤，大大提高了治愈率，降低了死亡率，收到良好效果。116床资料1．I一般情况本组140例，男74例，女66例；年龄7个月～4岁，平均年龄1岁6个月。伤后入院时间30min～3d，其中12h内人院者56例，12～24h入院者39例，24h后入院者45例。烧伤程度为浅巨度到且度，以深力度占绝大多数。烧伤面积25．0％～50．0％，平均32．8％。开水烫伤113例，肉汤烫伤12例，火焰烧伤12例，电击伤2例，雷电击伤1例。部位：头面部为主者32例（其中伴呼吸道烧伤15例），四肢及躯于…     

早期切痂治疗耳郭深度烧伤18例

耳郭皮肤及皮下组织菲薄 ,烧伤 (尤其是深度烧伤 )后常累及耳软骨 ,易发生化脓性耳软骨炎 ,导致耳郭畸形。 1997年以来 ,我们收治耳郭深度烧伤 (深Ⅱ度以上 ) 18例、共 2 6只耳郭 ,采取入院清创时切痂、异体皮覆盖过渡、换植自体皮的方法 ,有效地防止了耳软骨炎及愈合后畸形的发生。1　临床资料1 1　一般情况　男 13例 ,女 5例 ;年龄 3～ 5 6岁 ,平均 2 1 6岁。深Ⅱ度烧伤 7耳 ,深Ⅱ度、Ⅲ度烧伤并存 19耳 ,无外耳道烧伤。烧伤原因 :火焰烧伤 8例 12耳 ,热液烫伤 6例 9耳 ,硫酸烧伤 3例 4耳 ,热压伤 1例 1耳。伤后 1～ 10ｈ入院 ,2～ 12ｈ后…     

复方虎杖软膏治疗烧伤创面108例

1987年以来,应用中草药虎杖、一点血制成软膏,治疗烧伤患者108例,效果较好,介绍如下: 1 临床资料:男84例,女24例。5岁以下19例,14岁以下7例,15～59岁80例,60岁以上2例;年龄最小16天,最大78岁;烫伤27例,火焰烧伤80例,电灼伤1例;Ⅱ度烧伤81例,面积最大为65％;Ⅲ度     

烧伤255例救治分析

1994年 4月～ 1999年 6月 ,本院共收治烧伤2 55例 ,现就其发生原因、发生率及治疗效果分析如下。1　临床资料1 1　一般情况　本组男 187例 ,女 68例 ;年龄 8个月～ 78岁 ,平均 2 3岁。学龄前儿童 66例( 2 5 9% )。烧伤面积为 3%～ 90 % ,平均 10 5% ,其中Ⅲ度烧伤 0 5%～ 2 0 % ,平均 2 5%。伤后至入院时间 0 5ｈ～ 31ｄ ,平均 4 2 4ｈ。烧伤原因 :热水烫伤 136例 ( 53 3% ) ,火焰烧伤 78例 ( 30 6% ) ,热物烫伤 16例 ( 6 3% ) ,热沥青烫伤 7例 ( 2 7% ) ,电弧烧伤 6例 ( 2 4 % ) ,热金属烫伤 5例 ( 2 % ) ,铁水烧伤2例 ( 0 8% ) ,…     

意外伤害住院患儿流行病学调查

目的探讨儿童意外伤害的发生规律,为儿童意外伤害的预防和干预提供理论依据。方法收集1997年10月—2005年6月因意外伤害住院的2782例患儿的相关临床资料,将伤害类型分为烧烫伤、跌伤、交通意外、炸伤、砸伤、锐器伤、中毒、其他(包括电击伤、溺水、动物咬伤、击打伤、气管异物等)8种,分组调查分析。结果意外伤害发生的年龄顺位为:学龄儿、学龄前儿童、青春期、婴幼儿;男性明显高于女性;农村为意外伤害高发区,家庭为伤害高发场所,意外伤害发生率以8%的速度逐年上升;居前三位的伤害为:跌伤、交通意外、烧烫伤;伤害谱较前10年有显著变化,并存在巨大的卫生资源损耗。结论意外伤害有显著的流行病学特征。应针对性地制定相应的干预措施。     

1294例小儿烧伤创面特点的临床分析

目的：探讨影响小儿烧伤创面大小和深度的因素。方法：通过对1294例14岁以下小儿烧伤住院患者病史资料的分析,探讨不同性别、年龄、烧伤原因和不同年代或人口组成对小儿烧伤创面的影响。结果：患儿平均烧伤面积为11．83±9．89%TBSA,Ⅲ度烧伤面积为3．89±1．24%TBSA,性别间无统计学差异(P＞0．05)。烧伤创面主要分布在头面颈、躯干前侧；热液是主要烧伤原因,非热液的Ⅲ度烧伤面积显著较大；居家是发生烧伤主要场所,而公共场所Ⅲ度烧伤面积显著较大(P＜0．01)；4～6岁组患儿平均烧伤面积显著较大(P＜0．01),7～14岁组Ⅲ度烧伤面积最大(P＜0．01)；本市和外来患儿烧伤总面积和Ⅲ度烧伤面积无统计学差异(P＞0．05)。结论：患者年龄、烧伤原因、烧伤场所是影响烧伤面积大小的重要因素。     

2007年我国部队医院小儿烧伤住院患者信息分析

目的 烧伤作为小儿创伤的常见病、多发病是可以预防的,本文旨在比较我国不同区域小儿烧伤住院患儿的特点,为小儿烧伤的预防与控制提供科学依据.方法 采集2007年部队医院收治的10岁以下(含10岁)小儿烧伤住院患儿病历资料,按区域分组,对发生年龄、时间、烧伤类型、烧伤程度等信息进行分类统计分析.结果 共采集符合条件小儿烧伤病历9964例,各地区没有显著的发病高峰期,均以热液烫伤为主,2岁以下幼儿发生烧伤的危险性高;年平均气温高的南方地区热液烫伤发生相对较多,火焰烧伤发生相对较少,年平均气温低的地区正好相反;南方地区重度烧伤发生比例高,青藏地区和西北地区轻度烧伤发生比例较低.结论 我国各个区域的烧伤各有其特点,小儿烧伤的发生率、类型和程度与各地气候条件、生活习俗有关;各地区应该根据各自特点制定相应的措施预防小儿烧伤.     

Prevalence of fundamental movement skill proficiency among Iranian children aged 2.5–14 years

ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of fundamental movement skill (FMS) proficiency among a sample of Iranian children.DesignCross sectional, representative sample of 2200 children aged 2.5–14 years (50% girls), living in Tehran in 2018.MethodsTrained field staff assessed 7 locomotor and 4 object control skills in educational settings using the Ohio State University Scale of Intra-Gross Motor Assessment (OSU-SIGMA). Scores for levels 1–3 represent immature performance and level 4 represents proficiency. Data were analyzed by age and sex.ResultsOverall, proficiency prevalences were higher in boys than girls. Proficiency in walking and running emerged in children from age 2.5 years, and proficiency in more complex locomotor skills (i.e., jumping, skipping, hopping, ladder-climbing) and object control skills emerged at age 6 years. The prevalence of proficiency in hopping, jumping, skipping and all object control skills were low in children aged <9 years. All children aged ≥9 years were proficient in all locomotor skills. At age 9 years, the prevalence of object control proficiency were high for throwing (boys 100%, girls 89%), catching (boys 89%, girls 65%), striking (boys 69%, girls 53%) and low for kicking (boys 45%, girls 41%). All children ≥11 years were proficient in all FMS except kicking (boys 61%, girls 55%).ConclusionsFMS proficiency were age and sex related with proficiency in most skills emerging around age 6 years. All children aged ≥11 years were proficient in all FMS, except kicking. The findings may be useful to guide the development of intervention programs in Iranian children aged 2.5–10 years.     

上海城区7～17岁正常、超重和肥胖学生20米往返跑成绩比较

目的:比较上海城区7~17岁正常、超重和肥胖学生20米往返跑(20mSRT)成绩,了解体质指数不同对学生有氧耐力成绩的影响。方法:采用分层随机整群抽样方法,抽取上海城区7~17岁身体健康的中小学生4687名(男2362名,女2325名),按年龄、性别分组同时对受试者的测试动机和测试条件等容易影响测试结果可靠性的各种因素进行了控制。先测试受试者身高、体重等形态学指标,准备活动后测试20mSRT。严格按照Leger方法进行测试。参照中国肥胖工作组中国学龄儿童青少年(7~18岁)超重肥胖筛查体重指数值分类标准,对受试者的超重和肥胖进行分类。结果:7~17岁各年龄段男生20mSRT成绩为正常体重组>超重组>肥胖组(P<0.01),7~17岁各年龄段女生20mSRT成绩为正常体重组>超重组>肥胖组(P<0.01),且男生体重正常组、超重组和肥胖组20mSRT成绩的组间差距比女生更大。按青春期前、中、后分组,7~10岁组、11~14岁组和15~17岁组男生20mSRT成绩均为正常体重组>超重组>肥胖组(P<0.01);女生除7~10岁组超重与肥胖组间无显著性差异(P>0.05)以外,11~14岁组和15~17岁组女生20mSRT成绩均为正常体重组>超重组>肥胖组(P<0.01);且7~10岁组、11~14岁组和15~17岁组男生20mSRT成绩受体重影响均大于女生各组。结论:无论男生或者女生,7~17岁各年龄段的学生20mSRT成绩在正常体重组、超重组和肥胖组依次递减,且男生体重正常组、超重组和肥胖组的组间差距比女生大;按青春期年龄分组后,男生和女生体重变化对20mSRT成绩仍有影响。因此,适当控制体重对提高儿童青少年的20mSRT成绩可能有积极作用。     

Arthroscopy of the knee in children and adolescents

A retrospective review was done of 69 children and adolescents (7-17 years old) who underwent 75 arthroscopies of the knee during a 5-year period. Girls were overrepresented (71%). Thirty-eight were children under the age of 16. Of 46 injuries, 34 (74%) happened during sports. Children and adolescents were divided into two age groups based on their presumed state of skeletal maturity (boys 9–15 and girls 7–14 in group I and boys 16–17 and girls 15–17 in group II); meniscal lesions were equally common in the two groups, whereas anterior cruciate ligament tears were more common in older children (NS). Eleven of 17 (65%) anterior cruciate ligament lesions were combined with other intra-articular pathology, most often meniscal tears (9/11). As in other studies, half of the prearthroscopic diagnoses were incorrect. A high frequency of incorrect prearthroscopic diagnoses and of combined lesions justifies arthroscopy as an important diagnostic tool in children and adolescents with a history of twisting knee injury or chronic nonspecific knee problems. Girls practising ball games seem to be especially prone to knee injuries leading to arthroscopy.     

MEBO治疗小面积烧烫伤经验总结

目的:观察患者或家庭成员使用湿润烧伤膏(MEBO)治疗小面积烧伤的疗效,探讨非专业科室或非医务人员使用MEBO治疗小面积烧烫伤的经验及家庭治疗的可行性。方法:对不同深度,不同部位的小面积烧烫伤,医务人员进行首次清创换药后均改由患者或家庭成员涂药治疗,保证每6小时涂药1次,适时清除创面药物及分泌物。结果:本组23例中,15例热水、热液烫伤,2例火焰烧伤,3例电击伤,3例摩托车热排气管烧伤,深度为Ⅱ度-Ⅲ度,面积1％-8％TBSA不等,全部治愈。结论:患者或家庭成员使用MEBO治疗小面积烧烫伤,疗效可靠,简便实用。     

Physical activity in Dublin children aged 7-9 years

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the amount of regular activity and time spent in sedentary occupations in children aged 7--9 years. Sex differences in levels of activity and time and facilities for physical education at school were also examined. METHODS: A 10% sample of Dublin National Schools were selected. Parents of children in second class were surveyed. The questionnaire used was a modification of the Modifiable Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents. Teachers of second class were questioned about the time and facilities for physical education in schools. RESULTS: Some 39% of children were participating in hard exercise for at least 20 minutes three or more times a week, with fewer girls (28%) than boys (53%) contributing to this result. A further 57% of children were engaging in at least 20 minutes of light exercise three or more times a week, with no sex differences. Estimated energy expenditure in regular activity was higher in boys than girls. Most (78%) of the children were spending one to three hours a day sedentary in front of a screen. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides comprehensive data on physical activity levels in Dublin schoolchildren aged 7--9 years. The amount of inactivity is of concern. Even at this young age, boys are reported to participate in more physical activity than girls.     

Soccer injuries among youth

This study reports the quantitative and qualitative aspects of sports injuries in a 5-day youth soccer tournament with 12,907 players. A total of 132 injuries that resulted in at least one days' absence from soccer playing were of special interest. The overall injury rate was 3.6 for boys and 4.4 injuries per 1000 hours of play for girls. Statistically significantly higher injury rates between players in puberty and differences in type and location of injuries between boys and girls were found. In 77% of the cases, the injury happened while the injured player was in physical contact with another player, 59% had ball contact and 7% had no contact with any person or ball at all. Five months later a questionnaire was send out to the serious injured players. Of 85 injured players, 10 were absent from school or work on average 11.5 days. Five had surgery. Injury prophylaxis in soccer tournaments is proposed.