总责任护士负责制整体干预在绒毛膜癌患者中的护理效果观察

观察总责任护士负责制整体干预在绒毛膜癌患者中的护理效果。方法 选取2017年6月—2020年6月河南某医院收治的绒毛膜癌患者85例设为观察组，另选取该院同期收治的采用常规护理干预的绒毛膜癌患者71例设为对照组。对比2组患者干预前后心理状况、生活质量、营养水平及依从性。结果 干预后，2组患者焦虑自评量表（SAS）和抑郁自评量表（SDS）评分均低于干预前（均P＜0.05），且观察组得分明显低于对照组（均P＜0.05）。干预后，观察组患者心理状态、疼痛、饮食、自理能力、对治疗的态度、对疾病的认知评分均高于对照组（均P＜0.05）。干预后，观察组血红蛋白（Hb）、血清白蛋白（Alb）、前白蛋白（PAB）、转铁蛋白（TRF）水平均高于对照组（均P＜0.05）。观察组患者依从性为94.12%，高于对照组的77.46%（P＜0.05）。结论 总责任护士负责制整体干预在绒毛膜癌患者中的护理效果较好，可缓解患者不良情绪，提高其生活质量和营养水平，临床推广价值较高。     

心理咨询护理对手术室护士职业压力的影响

目的：探析心理咨询护理对手术室护士职业压力的影响。方法：选取2011年1月-2013年12月于绍兴市医疗机构手术室工作的护士110名,根据随机原则分为观察组和对照组,每组各55名,对照组进行常规护理教育,观察组在对照组的基础上,根据患者的心理特征变化实施心理咨询护理干预,比较两组护士干预前后的心理状况及职业压力状况。结果：观察组护理后SAS评分和SDS评分均显著低于对照组,SCL-90评分显著高于对照组,职业压力状况各项评分均显著低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：手术室护士职业压力过高,心理咨询护理有助于改善护士心理状态,进而降低职业压力。     

景观疗养护理用于离退休干部睡眠质量改善效果探讨

目的：探讨景观疗养护理用于离退休干部睡眠质量改善临床效果。方法选取近年来于我院行景观疗养护理离退休干部130例,设为试验组,以同期行常规护理离退休干部130例设为对照组,比较两组患者临床护理满意度,干预前后睡眠质量评分等。结果对照组和观察组患者临床护理满意度分别为83.08%（54/65）,100.00%（65/65）;试验组患者临床护理满意度显著优于对照组（P〈0.05）;两组患者干预后睡眠效果、睡眠可持续性、睡眠潜伏期及总均分等睡眠质量评分较干预前显著提高,且试验组患者干预后评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论景观疗养护理用于离退休干部可有效改善睡眠质量,延长睡眠时间,并提高临床护理满意程度。     

优质护理服务示范工程对护士工作压力与职业倦怠的影响

目的 探讨开展“优质护理服务示范工程”活动对护士工作压力与职业倦怠的影响.方法 将参加“示范工程”的3个病区60名护士为试验组,其他选择未参加“示范工程”的3个病区42名护士为对照组,两组均采用护士工作压力量表和工作倦怠量表.结果 试验组护士在护理专业及工作方面的问题、患者护理方面问题工作压力明显低于对照组护士.两组护士在护理专业、时间分配、工作环境、患者护理,以及工作压力源总分方面有统计学差异（P＜0.01）,但在管理方面得分无统计学差异（P＞0.05）;试验组护士在情绪耗竭、倦怠和成就感低落方面明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.结论 “示范工程”和护士工作压力源与职业倦怠存在相关性.     

团体心理咨询在合同制护士心理调适中的应用

目的探讨团体心理咨询对合同制护士工作压力的影响。方法选取某军队医院合同制护士80名作为干预组进行6周团体心理咨询,同时选取该院80名合同制护士作为观察组,不进行任何心理干预。采用自编护士一般资料调查表、护士工作压力源量表对两组护士分别进行评估。结果两组护士在年龄、级别、受教育程度、工作年限和婚姻状况方面均无统计学差异（P〉0.01）;采取干预措施后干预组护士在护理专业及工作方面的问题、时间分配及工作量问题、患者护理方面问题、管理及人际关系方面的问题工作压力明显低于观察组护士。两组护士在护理专业、时间分配、工作环境、患者护理、管理以及工作压力源总分方面有统计学差异（P〈0.01）。结论团体心理咨询有助于帮助合同制护士了解自己、减轻工作压力、改善人际关系,提高工作积极性和效率。     

女性生殖道尖锐湿疣患者的心理状况分析与护理干预研究

目的 研究女性生殖器尖锐湿疣患者的心理状态及有效的护理措施.方法 选取在我院治疗的100例女性尖锐湿疣患者为研究对象,将其随机分为观察组与对照组各50例,对照组采取常规护理,观察组采取针对患者心理状况的护理干预措施,对比两组的焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分,抑郁自评量表（SDS）评分,护理效果以及护理满意度.结果 两组治疗前SAS与SDS评分无显著差异（P＞0.05）;治疗后两组SAS与SDS评分均显著下降,且观察组评分显著低于对照组（P ＜0.05）.观察组的治愈率84.0％,显著高于对照组的58.0％（P＜0.05）;观察组的复发率为16.0％,显著低于对照组的42.0％ （P ＜0.05）.观察组护理质量及护理满意度均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）.结论 结合尖锐湿疣患者的特定心理采取针对性的护理措施可改善患者SAS、SDS评分,提高治愈率,避免后期复发,同时可提高整体的护理质量,值得推广应用.     

健康教育及心理护理干预对宫颈癌放疗患者负性情绪及生活质量的影响

目的：探讨健康教育及心理护理干预对宫颈癌放疗患者负性情绪及生活质量的影响。方法选取我院61例宫颈癌放疗患者,随机分为对照组30例,观察组31例,对照组行常规护理干预,观察组实施健康教育及心理护理干预,观察比较两组抑郁自评量表（SDS）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分及生活质量评分。结果护理后观察组SDS、SAS评分均低于对照组,生活质量评分高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论健康教育及心理护理干预可有效改善宫颈癌放疗患者负性情绪及生活质量。     

急诊抢救室开展优质护理服务的方法及效果

目的：总结急症抢救室开展优质护理服务的方法及其效果。方法：选取2015年1月-2016年1月我院急症科抢救室收治的160例患者为研究对象,在随机性基础上结合护理模式将其分为对照组和观察组,每组80例,其中对照组应用常规护理,观察组应用优质护理服务,护理后对比二组的护理质量、满意度、心理状态以及护理差错。结果：观察组的护理质量和满意度均优于对照组（P＜0.05）;护理后观察组患者的抑郁和焦虑程度均低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：在抢救过程中应用优质护理服务不但可有效改善患者的心理状态,同时还可降低护理差错发生率,提高护理质量,从而促进患者早日恢复健康。     

团体心理干预对消毒供应中心护士心理状态、工作倦怠及应对方式的影响

探讨团体心理干预对消毒供应中心护士心理状态、工作倦怠及应对方式的影响。方法 选取2021年1—6月郑州大学第一附属医院消毒供应中心66名护士,采用信封法随机分为观察组与对照组,每组33名。对照组护士采用常规心理干预,观察组护士在对照组基础上接受团体心理干预,比较2组护士干预前后心理健康水平、自我和谐情况、工作倦怠感及应对方式。结果 干预前,2组护士症状自评量表（SCL 90）各症状群评分比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;干预后,观察组护士SCL 90量表的躯体化、焦虑、强迫、抑郁、人际关系敏感、精神病性、偏执、敌对、恐怖9个症状群评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。干预前,2组护士自我和谐量表（SCCS）各维度评分及总分比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;干预后,观察组护士SCCS量表的自我灵活性、自我刻板性、自我与经验不和谐3个维度评分及总分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。干预前,2组护士工作倦怠感量表（MBI GS）各维度评分及总分比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;干预后,观察组护士MBI GS量表的情绪衰竭、去个性化、个人成就感降低3个维度评分及总分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。干预前,2组护士应对方式评定量表（CSQ）各维度评分比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;干预后,观察组护士CSQ量表的解决问题、求助、合理化3个维度评分均高于对照组,自责、幻想、退避3个维度评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 实施团体心理干预有助于改善消毒供应室护士心理健康状态,提升护士自我和谐水平,减轻职业倦怠感,并促进其积极应对工作。     

基于气质类型的心理护理干预对单纯性肥胖症儿童体重的影响

目的探讨基于气质类型的心理护理干预对单纯性肥胖症儿童体重的影响。方法选取50例确诊为单纯性肥胖症的儿童,随机分为对照组和试验组2组,每组25例,对照组实施常规护理措施包括营养、运动、健康教育,试验组除常规护理外,采用基于儿童的气质类型和心理行为特征的心理护理干预。进行随访1年,比较两组儿童体重的变化。结果两组患儿经护理干预后总有效率86%。试验组患儿经个体化心理护理干预后,心理状态改善明显,干预总有效率达96%,明显优于对照组患儿的总有效率68%,差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。其中,试验组中重度肥胖患儿的心理干预效果最为明显,显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。结论不同护理干预可以不同程度的改善儿童肥胖症状态,辅以有效的心理护理可改善肥胖儿童心理状态,对体重和肥胖度降低具有更为显著效果。     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Fatigue and health in a seafaring population

Background Occupational fatigue is relatively common withinthe general population and has been linked to reduced performance,injury and longer term ill-health. Despite growing acknowledgementof this problem in the maritime sector, little research hasbeen conducted into the risk factors, prevalence and consequencesof seafarers' fatigue. Aims To examine the prevalence of fatigue among seafarers, identifypotential risk factors and assess possible links with poor performanceand ill-health. Methods Cross-sectional questionnaire survey of seafarers workingin the offshore oil support, short-sea and deep-sea shippingindustries. A number of tools were used including the fatiguesubscale of the profile of fatigue-related symptoms, the CognitiveFailures Questionnaire, the General Health Questionnaire andthe SF36 General Health scale. Results In all, 1855 questionnaires were completed giving anoverall response rate of 20%. Fatigue symptoms were associatedwith a range of occupational and environmental factors, manyunique to seafaring. Reporting a greater number of risk factorswas associated with greater fatigue [e.g. OR = 2.53 (1.90–3.35)for those with three or four risk factors and OR = 9.54 (6.95–13.09)for those with five or more risk factors]. There was also astrong link between fatigue and poorer cognitive and healthoutcomes, with fatigue the most important of a number of riskfactors, accounting for 10–14% of the variance. Conclusions Seafarers' fatigue could impact on safety withinthe industry and may be linked to longer term individual ill-health.It can only be addressed by considering how multiple factorscombine to contribute to fatigue.     

The design of hazard risk assessment matrices for ranking occupational health risks and their application in mining and minerals processing

Two hazard risk assessment matrices for the ranking of occupational health risks are described. The qualitative matrix uses qualitative measures of probability and consequence to determine risk assessment codes for hazard-disease combinations. A walk-through survey of an underground metalliferous mine and concentrator is used to demonstrate how the qualitative matrix can be applied to determine priorities for the control of occupational health hazards. The semi-quantitative matrix uses attributable risk as a quantitative measure of probability and uses qualitative measures of consequence. A practical application of this matrix is the determination of occupational health priorities using existing epidemiological studies. Calculated attributable risks from epidemiological studies of hazard-disease combinations in mining and minerals processing are used as examples. These historic response data do not reflect the risks associated with current exposures. A method using current exposure data, known exposure-response relationships and the semi-quantitative matrix is proposed for more accurate and current risk rankings.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.