趋化因子受体与肿瘤转移

目前认为肿瘤细胞转移和淋巴细胞迁移具有相似机制,但趋化因子及其受体参与肿瘤转移的机制尚未完全阐明。由于其在肿瘤细胞器官选择性转移中的重要作用,趋化因子受体有希望成为肿瘤治疗的靶标并具有预后价值。现综述趋化因子受体与肿瘤侵袭和转移的研究进展。     

CXCL12／CXCR4对肿瘤生物学行为的影响

恶性肿瘤细胞的侵袭转移是影响恶性肿瘤预后的根本原因。大量的研究发现趋化因子及其受体在肿瘤侵袭转移中发挥重要作用。其中关于趋化因子CXCL12及其受体CXCR4对肿瘤侵袭转移的影响的研究较多，本文通过国内外文献复习就CXCL12／CXCR4的生物学特性及其对肿瘤生物学行为的影响作一综述。     

趋化因子受体与肿瘤转移

目前认为肿瘤细胞转移和淋巴细胞迁移具有相似机制,但趋化因子及其受体参与肿瘤转移的机制尚未完全阐明。由于其在肿瘤细胞器官选择性转移中的重要作用,趋化因子受体有希望成为肿瘤治疗的靶标并具有预后价值。现综述趋化因子受体与肿瘤侵袭和转移的研究进展。     

趋化因子及其受体在肿瘤侵袭转移中的作用

近年来陆续发现了许多新的趋化因子和受体，研究发现趋化因子及其受体参与机体的多种生理和病理过程，并在肿瘤的侵袭转移中通过不同机制发挥着重要作用。本文对其进行简要综述。     

趋化因子与肺癌

趋化因子与其相应的受体作用,广泛参与生物活动及病理过程。研究发现多种肿瘤细胞都过表达功能性的趋化因子。在肺癌中,趋化因子参与了其增殖、凋亡、侵袭和转移等过程。肺癌过表达的趋化因子及其受体,可作为明确的靶向目标进行针对性的抗肿瘤治疗。     

趋化因子与肿瘤侵袭转移

趋化因子是一类具有趋化作用的分泌型小分子蛋白质,其受体属于G蛋白偶联的7次跨膜受体超家族.越来越多的证据表明趋化因子与肿瘤生长、侵袭和转移密切相关.现综述趋化因子在肿瘤细胞增殖、迁移、粘附、降解细胞外基质、肿瘤血管生成及肿瘤器官特异性转移等过程中的作用.     

趋化因子及其受体与乳腺癌相关性的研究现状

目的：探讨趋化因子及其受体在乳腺癌发展过程中所起的作用，以及在此过程中其他细胞因子对趋化因子及受体的影响。方法：以乳腺肿瘤、趋化因子和受体为关键词检索CHKD系列全文数据库和MEDLINE数据库，筛选2002～2007年相关文献，重点是有关研究较多的CXCR4、CCR7及其配体，VEGF和MMP等的调控机制，以及趋化因子及受体与临床病理学参数的关系。结果：在乳腺癌的发展过程中，其他细胞因子及基因突变导致的自身结构的变化都会影响趋化因子及其受体的表达。趋化因子和受体结合，作用于改变肿瘤生物学特性的蛋白，进而调控乳腺癌细胞的发展。通过抗体抑制这些趋化因子及其受体的作用，就可以抑制乳腺癌的发生及转移，提示趋化因子及其受体有望成为乳腺癌靶向治疗的新途径。结论：趋化因子及其受体在乳腺癌组织或细胞上高表达，对乳腺癌的生长、侵袭及转移有重要作用，其信号的活化受到多种因素的影响。     

趋化因子及其受体在机体免疫调控中的作用

趋化因子(chemokines)是一类引起炎症反应或白细胞转移的细胞因子。近年来，趋化因子家族、趋化因子受体、趋化因子与疾病关系的研究已成为研究者们瞩目的热点。趋化因子及其受体与许多病理过程如HIV感染、炎症、自身免疫性疾病等有密切关系，在肿瘤生长、侵袭、转移过程中发挥关键作用，同时在免疫细胞的分化、发育和免疫应答的调控中起着重要作用。本文主要介绍趋化因子及其受体的结构和功能特点；趋化因子及     

趋化因子及其受体与肿瘤

趋化因子及其受体在肿瘤的发生、生长和转移等各个阶段都有复杂的网络性表达，研究表明趋化因子CXCL12及受体CXCR4介导乳腺癌、结肠癌、膀胱癌和前列腺癌等肿瘤的转移和发展，这为深入探讨肿瘤的发病及转移机制提供了新视角。现对近年来有关趋化因子及其受体与肿瘤之间的研究进展作一综述。     

趋化因子及其受体与肿瘤

趋化因子及其受体在肿瘤的发生、生长和转移等各个阶段都有复杂的网络性表达,研究表明趋化因子CXCL12及受体CXCR4介导乳腺癌、结肠癌、膀胱癌和前列腺癌等肿瘤的转移和发展,这为深入探讨肿瘤的发病及转移机制提供了新视角。现对近年来有关趋化因子及其受体与肿瘤之间的研究进展作一综述。     

Cytologic classification of precancer and cancer of the endometrium and esophagus and of malignant lymphomas

The paper discusses cytological classifications of precancer and cancer of the endometrium, esophagus and malignant lymphomas presented by cytologists from five Soviet research institutes of oncology. The classifications were based on the data of 4400 cases in conformity with WHO histologic classifications.     

E-钙粘蛋白及PTEN基因编码蛋白与胃癌浸润转移

目的:观察抑癌基因PTEN蛋白和ECD在胃癌组织中的表达,探讨其与胃癌生物学行为及预后的关系。方法:以兔抗人PTEN多克隆抗体、鼠抗人ECD单克隆抗体,采用SABC免疫组化法,检测100例胃癌手术切除标本中拟测指标的表达。以χ2和Logrank检验对结果做统计学分析。结果:ECD、PTEN蛋白在非癌胃粘膜中均见表达;在胃癌组织中表达下调或缺失。ECD异常表达率为42.0%;弥漫型胃癌异常表达率(48.57%),明显高于肠型胃癌(26.67%),(P<0.05);ECD异常表达与浸润深度有关(P<0.05)。胃癌组织中PTEN蛋白缺失率为59%;弥漫型胃癌缺失率(65.71%)明显高于肠型胃癌(43.33%),(P<0.05);伴淋巴结转移的胃癌缺失率(64.47%)明显高于无淋巴结转移者(41.67%),(P<0.05);PTEN蛋白缺失的患者比阳性表达者预后差(P=0.0066)。65.85%PTEN阳性表达者同时伴ECD正常表达。结论:两种标志物与胃癌浸润转移有关,PTEN表达与胃癌患者预后密切相关。将两种指标联合检测,可作为正确判断胃癌患者预后,指导临床治疗的分子生物学指标。     

Schwannomas of Head and Neck and Review of Literature

Benign nerve cell tumours have been given various names like schwannoma, neurilemmoma, neurinoma, neurofibroma, spindle cell tumours etc. Extra cranial head and neck schwannomas usually present as solitary and well-demarcated lesions. The lesion can cause secondary symptoms, such as nasal obstruction, dysphasia, and hoarseness, depending upon the location of the lesion. Fine needle aspiration cytology, CT scans, and MRI may be of limited help in the diagnosis of schwannomas. The treatment is complete surgical excision of the benign tumour and postoperative histopathological examination establishes the final diagnosis.     

世界卫生组织骨质疏松症防治工作报告和防治建议

引 言 作为对第51号综合处理非传染性疾病预防与控制的世界卫生组织决议的反应,1998年7月WHO成立了致力于不断完善对骨质疏松预防和治疗策略的工作小组。小组成员来自世界各国致力于骨质疏松研究的知名专家。Harry K.Genant为本届主席。这一项世界范围内的骨质疏松教育计划旨在通过世界范围的研究,不断改善对骨质疏松的诊断水平和发展并完善对骨质疏松病人的合理治疗。其重点将以发展中国家为主。并为各国政府及其卫生部门和病人群体提供世界性有关骨质疏松症的总体的、完整的指导性资料。该项研究、教育计划的实施将由世界各国的骨质疏松症研究和治疗机构共同完成,并经权威学术机构、政府和非政府组织进行有针对性的回顾研究,最终由WHO审议通过。     

Prospective study of fruit and vegetable consumption and incidence of colon and rectal cancers

BACKGROUND: Frequent consumption of fruit and vegetables has been associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer in many observational studies. METHODS: We prospectively investigated the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and the incidence of colon and rectal cancers in two large cohorts: the Nurses' Health Study (88 764 women) and the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study (47 325 men). Diet was assessed and cumulatively updated in 1980, 1984, 1986, and 1990 among women and in 1986 and 1990 among men. The incidence of cancer of the colon and rectum was ascertained up to June or January of 1996, respectively. Relative risk (RR) estimates were calculated with the use of pooled logistic regression models accounting for various potential confounders. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: With a follow-up including 1 743 645 person-years and 937 cases of colon cancer, we found little association of colon cancer incidence with fruit and vegetable consumption. For women and men combined, a difference in fruit and vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with a covariate-adjusted RR of 1.02 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.98-1.05). A difference in vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with an RR of 1.03 (95% CI = 0.97-1.09). Similar results were obtained for women and men considered separately. A difference in fruit consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with a covariate-adjusted RR for colon cancer of 0.96 (95% CI = 0.89-1.03) among women and 1. 08 (95% CI = 1.00-1.16) among men. For rectal cancer (total, 244 cases), a difference in fruit and vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with an RR of 1.02 (95% CI = 0.95-1.09) in men and women combined. None of these associations was modified by vitamin supplement use or smoking habits. CONCLUSIONS: Although fruits and vegetables may confer protection against some chronic diseases, their frequent consumption does not appear to confer protection from colon or rectal cancer.     

A comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancerA comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancer

Aims: To assess and compare knowledge and awareness of colorectal cancer and breast cancer in a sample of the general population. Methods: Eleven hundred visitors to six different outpatient clinics, in a University Hospital, were given a study-specific questionnaire, based on educational material from the British Association of Cancer United Patients (CancerBACUP). The questionnaire consisted of 12 statements on the incidence, presentation, detection, treatment and prognosis of colorectal and breast cancer. Results: One thousand and sixty-eight individuals returned the questionnaire. One thousand and four completed questionnaires were analysed. The mean age (SD) of respondents was 50.1 (17.2) years, and the male to female ratio was 2:3. Respondents had read more about breast than about colorectal cancer (60.3%vs 32.4%,P <0.0001, McNemar's test). The proportion of correct answers for each statement on breast cancer was higher than for answers to corresponding items on colorectal cancer. Mean overall scores (95% CI) for breast and colorectal cancer were 88.1 (86.9, 89.2) and 64.4 (62.5, 66.3) respectively, the mean difference (95% CI) being 23.7 (22.0, 25.5). Scores were higher for breast cancer irrespective of age or gender. Conclusion: There is a low level of understanding of colorectal cancer in the general population when compared to breast cancer. This highlights the importance of public education in this common cancer.     

Quality of life and care in leukemia,myeloma and non-malignant disease. Opinions of patients and relatives,and effects of geography and time

In a questionnaire study 140 subjects answered 4200 questions in 1980 and 1986. They consisted of patients with myeloma, acute leukemia, lung carcinoma, and non-malignant disease and their relatives. In 22 additional cases the questionnaire was not answered. The results show that myeloma patients are less content with the general care than leukemia patients (P < 0.05). Similarly, relatives of deceased myeloma patients are less satisfied with the information given to them than relatives of deceased leukemia patients (P < 0.001). The information has improved with time, however, since the patients were more satisfied in 1986 than in 1980 (P < 0.001) and relatives of myeloma patients still alive were more satisfied than relatives of patients who had died earlier (P < 0.001).     

Quality of life and care in leukemia, myeloma and non-malignant disease. Opinions of patients and relatives, and effects of geography and time

In a questionnaire study 140 subjects answered 4200 questions in 1980 and 1986. They consisted of patients with myeloma, acute leukemia, lung carcinoma, and non-malignant disease and their relatives. In 22 additional cases the questionnaire was not answered. The results show that myeloma patients are less content with the general care than leukemia patients (P less than 0.05). Similarly, relatives of decreased myeloma patients are less satisfied with the information given to them than relatives of deceased leukemia patients (P less than 0.001). The information has improved with time, however, since the patients were more satisfied in 1986 than in 1980 (P less than 0.001) and relatives of myeloma patients still alive were more satisfied than relatives of patients who had died earlier (P less than 0.001). The opinions of patients were similar to those of their relatives. However, the relatives of leukemia patients were even more satisfied with the contact with the medical staff than the patients themselves (P less than 0.05). As many as 10-30% of the relatives never gave up hope for their relative's survival. Only two out of 27 deaths were considered not dignified. The lung carcinoma patients reported a less good quality of life (P less than 0.001), and less satisfaction with the information given (P less than 0.01), than the hematological patients from the same year. Similarly, their attitude to the medical care improved less (P less than 0.01), and they were less content with the general care than the leukemia group (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)