髋部周围骨折住院死亡患者的临床特点

目的分析髋部周围骨折住院死亡患者的临床特点。方法回顾性分析髋部周围骨折住院患者的临床资料,总结创伤骨科髋部周围骨折住院死亡患者的临床特点,包括致伤原因、骨折部位、手术治疗及合并内科疾病情况等,分析其死亡原因及预防对策。结果髋部周围骨折住院患者死亡率为3.16%(85/2 687);85例死亡患者,平均年龄(70.3±8.9)岁;摔伤68例,交通伤11例,坠落伤6例;股骨转子间骨折48例,股骨颈骨折24例,股骨转子下骨折7例,髋臼骨折6例;31例死亡患者采用手术治疗;合并心血管系统疾病64例(75.3%),合并呼吸系统疾病56例(65.9%),合并脑血管疾病20例(23.5%),合并泌尿系统疾病5例(5.9%)。死亡原因:呼吸衰竭47例(55.3%),肺栓塞15例(17.6%),多器官障碍10例(11.8%),急性大面积脑梗死5例,急性心肌梗死及脑出血各4例。结论髋部周围骨折住院死亡患者均为老年人,常合并多种内科疾病,以呼吸系统疾病和心血管系统疾病常见,肺部感染所致呼吸衰竭是导致髋部周围骨折住院患者死亡的主要原因,应加以预防,以降低死亡率。     

老年髋部脆性骨折患者的短期生存状况及其影响因素

目的探讨老年髋部脆性骨折患者的短期生存状况并对其影响因素进行研究。方法选择80例髋部脆性骨折的老年患者作为研究对象,随访1年分析患者生存状况情况,并根据患者生存状况情况分为预后好组与预后差组,采用回顾性方法记录相关信息,筛选出影响该类患者生存状况的相关因素,应用Logistic回归分析进行多因素回归分析。结果 80例髋部脆性骨折老年患者中,24例(30.0%)患者预后较差,56例(70.0%)患者预后较好。随着随访时间的延长,髋部脆性骨折患者的预后良好率逐渐下降。年龄、病程、治疗方式、合并肺部感染及合并心脏疾病与髋部脆性骨折老年患者生存状况相关(P0.05)。多因素分析发现年龄≥75岁、病程≥7d、合并肺部感染是髋部脆性骨折老年患者生存状况差的独立危险因素,手术治疗是髋部脆性骨折老年患者生存状况差的保护因素(P0.05)。结论部分髋部脆性骨折老年患者预后较差,高龄、病程长、合并肺部感染及保守治疗是该类患者预后差的独立危险因素,因此对于上述患者,在条件允许的情况应尽早手术,避免肺部感染发生。     

90岁以上老年住院患者的临床特点及预后分析

目的 了解超高龄老年（≥90岁）住院患者的住院现况及其住院死亡的相关危险因素。方法 从医院管理信息系统检索2014年12月1日至2015年11月30日期间从我院普通病区出院的所有年龄≥90岁的病例。采用回顾性分析方法,分别登记患者年龄、性别、就诊病因、住院病区、住院时间、转归等病历资料,从住院病历中和实验室信息系统系统提取入院时的生命体征以及入院时血常规、生化检查结果。结果 过去1年间,我院年龄≥90岁住院患者共231例,住院340例次,患者年龄（92.09±2.08）岁,中位住院时间10（5,16）d。入院诊断前3位疾病分别为肺部感染、冠心病和骨折。231例超高龄老年住院患者中死亡40例（17.32%）。死亡患者的前3位入院诊断分别为肺部感染、脑血管疾病和晚期恶性肿瘤。多因素分析显示,因肺部感染住院、休克指数（SI）≥0.7,中性粒细胞比例≥0.7,血尿素≥12mmol/L和白蛋白＜35g/L是高龄住院患者死亡的危险因素。结论 肺部感染是≥90老年患者最常见的入院原因,应加强超高龄老年住院患者炎症状态、循环状态和营养状态的评估。     

内固定与髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨转子间骨折术后死亡的影响因素

目的分析老年股骨转子间骨折患者内固定与髋关节置换术后死亡的影响因素。方法回顾性分析法接受内固定与髋关节置换术治疗的100例老年股骨转子间骨折患者临床资料,调出患者病历档案,设计老年股骨转子间骨折患者一般情况调查问卷,仔细阅览患者病例资料,详细记录相关情况,将术后随访1年死亡的患者作为死亡组,其他患者纳为存活组,将可能的影响因素纳入,经单因素分析找出可能的因素,并纳入多因素分析中检验,找出最终的影响因素。结果 100例老年股骨转子间骨折患者术后随访1年,死亡15例,死亡率为15.00%;存活85例,存活率为85.00%。将术后1年是否死亡作为因变量,单因素分析检验证实的可能影响因素作为自变量,进行非条件多项Logistic回归分析检验发现,高龄、骨折前活动能力不佳、肺部感染、合并多种内科疾病、不稳定性骨折均可能是老年股骨转子间骨折患者术后死亡的危险因素(OR1,P0.05)。结论高龄、骨折前活动能力不佳、肺部感染、合并多种内科疾病、不稳定性骨折可能会增加老年股骨转子间骨折患者内固定与髋关节置换术后死亡风险,这类患者应引起临床重视,给予其针对性干预措施,以降低死亡风险,改善患者预后。     

红细胞分布宽度与老年髋部脆性骨折患者近期病死率的关系

目的探讨红细胞分布宽度(RDW)与老年髋部脆性骨折患者近期病死率的关系。方法回顾分析2020年至2021年入住我院且获得随访满1年的205例老年髋部脆性骨折患者基本资料及入院时初次血常规, 统计患者内科合并症、RDW及骨折后6个月及1年累计病死率, 分析RDW与髋部脆性骨折近期病死率的关系。结果≤1种内科合并症患者6个月(6.7%和20.8%, χ2=8.591, P=0.003)、1年(6.7%和26.7%, χ2=14.818, P<0.001)的病死率均明显低于≥2种内科合并症患者。RDW>13.5%组6个月及1年病死率都显著高于RDW≤13.5%组。≥2种内科合并症患者其RDW>13.5%的比例高于≤1种内科合并症患者。以RDW=13.6%为6个月及1年病死率的截断值, 其预测6个月死亡风险的敏感度为71.4%, 特异度为59.9%, 预测1年死亡风险的敏感度为64.7%, 特异度为59.6%。结论 RDW与脆性髋部骨折近期病死率相关, RDW越大, 死亡风险越高。     

宁波地区515例老年髋部骨折患者的临床特征

目的回顾性分析宁波地区515例老年髋部骨折患者的临床特点,为防治骨质疏松性骨折提供依据。方法 2010年1月至2012年12月在宁波市第一医院、宁波市第二医院治疗的515例老年髋部骨折患者(男158例,女357例,年龄60岁~96岁)纳入本研究。按5岁为1个年龄段进行分组,分析患者性别、年龄、致伤原因、骨折类型,受伤时间、治疗方式、伴随疾病、住院费用、住院时间等情况。结果冬季(10月至1月)是老年人髋部骨折高发时期,老年女性髋部骨折病例数为男性的2.25倍,显著高于男性,男性患者髋部骨折发病的年龄高峰为70~80岁,女性发病高峰在75~85岁。515例老年髋部骨折患者中股骨粗隆间骨折236例,占45.8%;股骨颈骨折279例,占54.2%。跌倒是骨折主要原因,占89.3%。515例老年髋部骨折患者手术治疗率为78.3%,1年死亡率为3.2%。手术组1年死亡率低于保守治疗组的9.9%(P=0.004)。骨密度检测率为58.8%,其中T值-2.5SD者占48.5%。结论跌倒是老年人髋部骨折的主要原因;骨质疏松是老年人髋部骨折的内在因素。     

老年髋部骨折术前深静脉血栓发生率及危险因素分析

目的研究老年髋部骨折术前深静脉血栓(DVT)的发生率及其危险因素,从而促进DVT的预防。方法回顾性分析解放军总医院2008年3月至2012年10月收治的老年髋部骨折患者386例,根据术前双下肢静脉彩超结果分为DVT组和非DVT组,分析糖尿病、肿瘤、心血管病、呼吸疾病、肝病、肾病、风湿病及痴呆等危险因素。结果术前34例(8.8%)确诊为DVT,其中股静脉2例(5.88%),胭静脉4例(11.76%),胫后静脉l例(2.94%),单侧小腿肌间静脉20例(58.82%),双侧小腿肌间静脉5例(14.71%),腓静脉2例(5.88%)。术前因肺动脉栓塞死亡3例。BMI≥30.0 kg/m~2、风湿病史、合并≥3种内科疾病为术前DVT发生的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论老年髋部骨折术前DVT发生率高,BMI≥30.0 kg/m~2、风湿病史及合并≥3种内科疾病的患者入院后应评估血栓风险,积极预防,以减少DVT的发生。     

唐山农村地区老年社区获得性肺炎住院患者病原学分析

目的分析唐山农村地区老年社区获得性肺炎(CAP)住院患者病原学构成并初步分析合并常见基础疾病的病原体构成。方法选择在唐山市3家三级医院住院的唐山市农村地区老年CAP住院患者359例,分析患者痰培养结果,病原学构成,同时分析合并有常见基础疾病的老年CAP患者的病原学特点。结果 359例老年CAP住院治疗患者中,以革兰氏阴性细菌感染占72.9%,伴COPD、脑血管后遗症、糖尿病的老年CAP患者最常见为肺炎克雷伯杆菌感染,支扩中最常见病原体为铜绿假单胞菌。结论老年CAP住院患者以革兰氏阴性菌感染为主,其伴随的基础疾病影响病原学结果。     

老年髋部骨折患者低氧血症情况及相关危险因素

目的 探讨老年髋部骨折患者入院时低氧血症情况及相关危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2017年5月至2019年3月于北京积水潭医院急诊科就诊的1599例老年髋部骨折患者的临床资料。根据氧合指数将患者分为低氧血症组(n=248)和非低氧血症组(n=1351)。根据有无肺部疾病和低氧血症,将患者分为4组:有肺部疾病且低氧血症组(A组,n=136),有肺部疾病且无低氧血症组(B组,n=362),无肺部疾病且低氧血症组(C组,n=112),无肺部疾病且无低氧血症组(D组,n=989)。收集患者一般资料。采用SPSS 24.0软件对数据进行统计学分析。根据数据类型,组间比较采用独立样本t检验、单因素方差分析或χ²检验。采用二分类多因素logistic回归分析老年髋部骨折患者发生低氧血症的危险因素。结果 老年髋部骨折患者在急诊就诊时,约15.5%(248/1599)的患者存在低氧血症。与非低氧血症组相比,低氧血症组患者年龄更大、肺部疾病[54.8%(136/248)和26.8%(362/1351)]及心肌损伤[5.6%(14/248) 和 1.7%(23/1351)]发生率更高,差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.05)。2组患者骨折发生情况比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01)。排除肺部疾病因素后,A组较B组患者年龄更大,股骨颈骨折发生率[66.9%(91/136) 和 47.8%(173/362)]更高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01)。C组较D组患者D-二聚体水平及股骨颈骨折发生率[62.5%(70/112) 和 52.2%(516/989)]更高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,高龄、高D-二聚体水平、股骨颈骨折和肺部疾病是老年髋部骨折患者发生低氧血症的危险因素(OR=1.04,1.01,2.04,2.97;均P＜0.05)。结论 高龄、高D-二聚体水平、股骨颈骨折和肺部疾病是老年髋部骨折患者发生低氧血症的危险因素。合并低氧血症的老年髋部骨折患者,更易发生心肌损伤,可能会增加心血管不良事件。     

老年糖尿病合并肺部感染78例

肺部感染是糖尿病的常见并发症,约占糖尿病合并感染的45%。也是老年糖尿病患者的重要死亡原因之一〔1〕。老年糖尿病患者合并肺部感染病情重,临床表现多不典型,容易漏诊和误诊,治疗比较困难,预后差,死亡率高。本文回顾性分析78     

住院老年肿瘤患者185例死亡病例分析

目的探讨老年恶性肿瘤住院患者死亡情况及危险因素。方法对1993年1月1日至2006年12月31日期间住院的老年恶性肿瘤死亡病例进行回顾性分析。结果（1）14年间因恶性肿瘤死亡患者185例，其中以肺癌59例（31．9％）、肝癌31例（16．8％）、结直肠癌1例（11．4％）为前三位主要死因。1993～1999年因恶性肿瘤死亡患者62例（33．5％），2000-2006年死亡肿瘤患者123例（66．5％）。（2）合并感染病例126例，占全部肿瘤死亡病例的67．7％，104例患者的死亡与感染有关，感染直接引起死亡13例（7．0％），间接引起死亡91例（49．2％）。（3）恶性肿瘤合并老年多脏器功能衰竭（MOF）91例（49．2％），各脏器出现功能衰竭的时间顺序依次为呼吸系统、肾脏、肝脏、血液系统、神经系统、胃肠系统、心血管系统。各脏器功能衰竭的频率顺序为肺脏、心脏、肝脏、神经系统。（4）分析住院天数、是否合并感染、感染部位数目、感染次数、转移部位数目、合并基础疾病数目等因素对MOFE的影响中，显示基础疾病数目、感染部位数目是MOF的危险因素。结论恶性肿瘤患者死亡人数逐年上升，感染、MOF等并发症已成为肿瘤患者死亡的主要原因。     

老年多脏器功能衰竭死亡相关因素分析

目的 通过分析老年多脏器功能衰竭（MOFE）死亡患者住院基本情况，探讨MOFE死亡的相关因素，为MOFE的预防和治疗提供参考。方法 对269例MOFE死亡患者的基础疾病、衰竭器官数目及死亡率、诱因等统计分析。结果 MOFE死亡患者基础疾病中心血管疾病占首位（29．4％）；衰竭脏器数以2或3个为主；MOFE死亡患者衰竭脏器的频率分布以肺部最多；MOFE患者死亡的主要诱因为肺部感染。结论 基础疾病、年龄、肺部感染等是MOFE患者死亡的主要因素。强化对器官功能的保护及治疗有助于降低MOFE患者的死亡率。     

Prevalence and clinical presentations of hepatitis C virus among patients admitted to the rheumatology ward

To study the prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies among patients admitted to the rheumatology department, Cairo University hospitals, in 6-month period as well as to determine whether chronic HCV infection was the primary cause of their admission or just a concomitant association with the rheumatic disease. One hundred and fifty-seven patients were included in this study. They represent all patients admitted to the rheumatology inpatient department of Cairo University hospitals during the study period. Preset questionnaire including detailed demographic data, cause of admission and clinical manifestations of their disease was obtained for every patient. All patients were screened for HCV antibodies using ELISA technique. Other laboratory and imaging investigations were done according to the patient’s diagnosis. Twenty-nine patients (18.5%) were positive for HCV antibody. Eleven patients of them (38%) were admitted due to rheumatic manifestations directly related to chronic HCV infection, which represent 7% of all admitted patients (11/157). HCV antibodies were found in 17.6 and 6.7% among patients with rheumatoid and systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis, palpaple purpura, digital gangrene and mononeuritis multiplex were the most common causes of admission related to chronic HCV infection. HCV antibodies were found in 18.5% among admitted patients to the rheumatology ward. The rheumatic manifestations of chronic HCV represent the primary cause of admission in 7% of all admitted patients. HCV screening should be included in the routine investigations for patients presenting to rheumatology departments in countries with high prevalence of chronic HCV infection.     

Analysis of emergency department visits by elderly patients in an urban public hospital in Turkey

Background/PurposeElderly patients have higher rates of emergency department visits worldwide. Emergency department utilization by older elderly is much more than younger elderly due to their disease complexity, comorbidities, and severity. This study aimed to determine the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of elderly patients admitted to the emergency department of a hospital and to compare attendance data regarding older age groups.MethodsAll older people admitted to the emergency department in 2011 were evaluated retrospectively. Patients aged 65–74 years were defined as younger elderly and those aged ≥75 years as older elderly. The prevalence of emergency admission, demographic information, reason for visit, time of admission, diagnosis of disease, and disposition of the two age groups were compared. The Chi-square test was used to analyze data.ResultsThe mean age of the elderly patients was 74.7 ± 6.8 years; 56.7% of them were female. Elderly patients accounted for 11.9% of all emergency department visits. The mean number of emergency department visits per year was 1.15 for older elderly patients and 0.75 for younger elderly patients (p < 0.001). The season in which emergency visits are most frequent was winter, and the most frequent presentation times were evening and night shifts (18:00–23:59 hours). The most common emergency department diagnosis among older and younger elderly patients was related to circulatory disease (26.3% and 21.2%, respectively; p < 0.001). Nearly 90% of the elderly were discharged from the emergency department. Older elderly patients were more likely to be admitted to the hospital than younger elderly patients (14.3% vs. 4.7%).ConclusionThe annual rates of admission to the emergency departments and hospitals were significantly higher in the older elderly population than in the younger elderly population. The most common diagnoses among elderly patients were disorders of the circulatory system.     

综合医院住院老年患者活动性肺结核88例分析

目的了解综合医院住院老年患者中活动性肺结核患者的发病及入院前后诊疗情况,探讨老年肺结核患者诊治延误的原因,以提高综合医院对老年肺结核的诊治水平。方法回顾性分析2002年1月～2007年12月我院以肺结核（活动性）转、出院的老年患者88例的临床资料,包括临床症状、辅助检查和诊治情况等。结果（1）呼吸科病例占多数,且每年病例数逐年增加;（2）入院前临床症状以发热、咳嗽、咳痰喘为主;（3）83例患者有基础疾病或合并其他疾病,主要基础疾病为肺部疾病、糖尿病、心脑血管疾病及营养不良;（4）误诊为其他疾病而收入院5例（占5．7％）,因其他疾病或合并疾病收入院后发现合并肺结核83例（占94．3％）,以慢性喘息性支气管炎等肺部疾病为主;（5）入院前81例进行了胸片检查,均未提示肺结核,入院后CT检查明确诊断率为86．7％;（6）入院前均未作痰涂片结核菌检查,入院后痰涂片结核菌检查例55例（占62．5％）,阳性24例,占涂片病例的43．6％;（7）10天内诊断及转诊病例42例（占47．7％）,12例患者超过1个月（占13．6％）。结论老年肺结核患者延误诊断主因是并存其他疾病使其不典型,综合医院门诊应进一步加强门诊老年患者结核病的排查工作,对怀疑不典型肺结核的患者应该进行痰涂片及肺CT检查,以便早诊断,早转诊。     

Functional recovery after hip fracture in old-old elderly patients

Hip fracture is epidemic and prevalence increased with advanced age. Impact of comorbid and cognitive status, gender, type of fracture, operative delay and pre-fracture ambulatory levels on functional outcome was shown in previous studies. We studied functional outcome after rehabilitation for hip fracture in old-old elderly (85 years and older) and compared it to young elderly (65–74 years) community-dwelling patients. Before the fracture, old-old elderly patients were more functional dependent, has had more comorbid diseases, and more of them live alone than young elderly. The waiting time to surgery and mean length of stay in orthopedic ward were longer than in young elderly. On admission to rehabilitation treatment, old-old patients presented with more depressed mood, were more cognitive impaired, and more suffer from pain. Old-old patients presented with laboratory data of malnutrition (decreased serum levels of albumin, cholesterol, hemoglobin, hematocrit, lymphocyte count) and inflammation (increased of transferrin and C-reactive protein). Improvement in Functional Independence Measurement (FIM) scale was found in both groups but significantly better in young elderly than in old-old elderly. The change in FIM during the rehabilitation period (ΔFIM) were in FIM total and in those parts of FIM concerning locomotion. The mean duration of rehabilitation stay was significantly longer in old-old elderly patients. On discharge old-old elderly patients more suffer from pain and difference between the groups according to the laboratory and to the cognitive data increased. Age per se is indicator of frailty and determinate functional recovery after hip fracture.     

Deep vein thrombosis in trauma: a prospective study of lower limb orthopedic trauma patients in Tianjin Hospital, China.

AIM: Pulmonary embolism is a third leading cause of death in trauma patients. The prevalence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in Asian countries is considered to be less than in Western countries. Our aim was to establish the rate of DVT in orthopedic trauma patients in Tianjin Hospital, to identify DVT risk factors and to support the use of prophylaxis. METHODS: Patients admitted between November 2003 and October 2004 with recent fracture had data collected prospectively to record type of fracture, mechanism of injury, history of DVT, blood transfusion requirements, operation details, extent of postoperative swelling, use of traction, immobilization, bandaging and patient positioning. Each patient had 3 duplex ultrasound examinations, the first within 24 h of admission. Patients requiring surgery had a second ultrasound within 2 days preoperatively, then 7 days postoperatively. Patients not requiring surgery had second and third ultrasound examinations 5 and 14 days after admission. RESULTS: There were 547 patients, median age 39.6 years (interquartile range: 28-50 years). DVT developed in 12.4% (95% confidence interval: 9.7-15.2%), most occurring with femoral shaft fractures (30.6%), 15.8% occurred with hip fractures, 14.5% with fractures around the knee and 10.8% with fractured tibia and fibula. Over half of DVTs (56.7%) developed within 3 days following injury. CONCLUSION: The incidence of DVT in Chinese orthopedic trauma patients approaches that in Western countries. Guidelines for DVT prophylaxis should be applied in China as in Western countries.     

Pressure Ulcers in Elderly Patients with Hip Fracture Across the Continuum of Care

OBJECTIVES: To identify care settings associated with greater pressure ulcer risk in elderly patients with hip fracture in the postfracture period.
DESIGN: Prospective cohort study.
SETTING: Nine hospitals that participate in the Baltimore Hip Studies network and 105 postacute facilities to which patients from these hospitals were discharged.
PARTICIPANTS: Hip fracture patients aged 65 and older who underwent surgery for hip fracture.
MEASUREMENTS: A full-body skin examination was conducted at baseline (as soon as possible after hospital admission) and repeated on alternating days for 21 days. Patients were deemed to have an acquired pressure ulcer (APU) if they developed one or more new stage 2 or higher pressure ulcers after hospital admission.
RESULTS: In 658 study participants, the APU cumulative incidence at 32 days after initial hospital admission was 36.1% (standard error 2.5%). The adjusted APU incidence rate was highest during the initial acute hospital stay (relative risk (RR)=2.2, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.3–3.7) and during re-admission to the acute hospital (RR=2.2, 95% CI=1.1–4.2). The relative risks in rehabilitation and nursing home settings were 1.4 (95% CI=0.8–2.3) and 1.3 (95% CI=0.8–2.1), respectively.
CONCLUSION: Approximately one-third of hip fracture patients developed an APU during the study period. The rate was highest in the acute setting, a finding that is significant in light of Medicare's policy of not reimbursing hospitals for the treatment of hospital-APUs. Hip fracture patients constitute an important group to target for pressure ulcer prevention in hospitals.     

A study on low performance status cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in the elderly

The subjects consisted of 42 patients aged over 60 years, whose performance status (PS) was grade 3 or 4, and who had been admitted for pulmonary tuberculosis at National Chiba-Higashi Hospital between 1997 and 1998. The average age (+/- SD) of the 34 men and 8 women was 77.6 (+/- 8.5) years (range, 60-91 years). The mean stay in the hospital of the improved patients was 166.6 days (range, 57-303 days), and the mean survival period from admission to death was 43.4 days (range, 2-179 days in died patients). On admission to our hospital, 26 cases were sputum smear positive, 8 cases were smear negative and culture positive, and 8 were negative both on smear and culture. The cavity was observed in 30 cases (71.4%) on the chest X-ray. The laboratory data on admission revealed low nutritional condition. The mean serum total protein, albumin, and cholesterol level on admission were 6.2 (+/- 0.82) g/dl, 2.7 (+/- 0.62) g/dl, and 143.0 (+/- 41.9) mg/dl. Most of the patients had a difficulty in taking foods, and 20 cases (47.6%) were performed parenteral nutrition by central venous catheter. 23 cases (54.8%) received oxygen therapy by facial mask or nasal tube. The most common cause of low PS on admission was pulmonary tuberculosis in 14 cases (33.3%), followed by cerebrovascular diseases in 11 cases, and orthopedic disease in 8 cases. The proportion of patients whose cause of low PS was not due to lung tuberculosis increased with age. Observing the mortality by the route of administration of antituberculosis medications on admission, 19 (55.9%) of 34 cases who could take drugs per oral route died. One (50.0%) of 2 cases who were administered drugs through gastric tube died, and all (100.0%) of 5 cases who could not take drugs per oral route and were injected isoniazid and streptomycin died. One case who could not administer any drug died. 16 cases improved and 26 cases died, of whom the most common cause of death was pulmonary tuberculosis in 11 cases (42.3%), followed by bacterial pneumonia in 5 cases, and cerebrovascular disease in 3 cases. The mortality by the PS on admission were as follows: 10 (47.6%) of 21 cases with PS 3 died. 16 (76.2%) of 21 cases with PS 4 died. 16 (6.4%) of 249 cases aged over 60 years with PS 0, 1 or 2, and were admitted for pulmonary tuberculosis at the same hospital during the same period died. This study confirms that the prognosis of low performance status patients of pulmonary tuberculosis in the elderly was significantly poor. We have to detect tuberculosis patients in the early stage, and give them antituberculosis medications per oral route as far as possible.     

地西他滨单药或联合低剂量化疗治疗老年急性髓系白血病医院内感染的临床分析

目的分析地西他滨单药或联合低剂量化疗治疗老年急性髓系白血病医院内感染的临床特点及易感因素。方法回顾性分析2009年9月至2012年10月接受地西他滨单药或联合低剂量化疗治疗的10例老年急性髓系白血病患者医院内感染发生率、感染部位、致病菌和易感因素等。结果10例老年患者治疗后医院内感染率为70％,例次感染率为46．7％,感染部位以呼吸系统最多见（占52．4％）,致病菌以革兰阴性杆菌为主。化疗后骨髓抑制、粒细胞减少者感染率明显增高;与地西他滨联合低剂量化疗方案比较,地西他滨单药方案骨髓抑制、粒细胞减少发生率和医院内感染率降低。结论老年急性髓系白血病患者是医院内感染的易感人群,骨髓抑制、粒细胞减少是其易感因素。地西他滨单药方案治疗老年急性髓系白血病可降低医院内感染发生率。