不同表面处理方法对纳米复合陶瓷与树脂水门汀粘接强度的影响

目的 评估不同表面处理对纳米复合陶瓷与树脂水门汀剪切粘接强度的影响。方法 将纳米复合陶瓷用计算机辅助设计/计算机辅助制作（CAD/CAM）技术切割成大小为10 mm×10 mm×3 mm的试件150块,并根据表面处理方法不同将试件按随机数字表的方法随机分为5组（n=30）：对照组、喷砂组、喷砂+硅烷组、酸蚀组和酸蚀+硅烷组。各组试件经过相应表面处理后,使用Single Bond Universal通用粘接剂+RelyX ^TM Ultimate Cliker ^TM树脂水门汀将树脂试件粘接于纳米复合陶瓷试件上,37 ℃蒸馏水中水浴24 h和30 d,万能试验机进行剪切粘接强度测试。结果 不同表面处理方法、不同的水浴时间都会影响到剪切粘接强度。喷砂+硅烷组的剪切粘接强度最大,与其他各组间差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;对照组和酸蚀组间差异无统计学意义,但两组与其他组间差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;喷砂组和酸蚀+硅烷组之间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,但两组与其他组间差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 喷砂、喷砂+硅烷、酸蚀+硅烷对纳米复合陶瓷表面处理,均可提高其与树脂水门汀的剪切粘接强度,喷砂+硅烷处理后剪切粘接强度最佳。     

离子交换强韧化效应对CAD/CAM二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷机械性能的影响

目的:探究锂-钠离子交换强韧化效应对CAD/CAM二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷机械性能的影响.方法:制作50个CAD/CAM二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷圆片状试件,晶化、打磨及抛光后,用4种不同的熔融硝酸钠离子交换工艺进行处理(n=10),分别检测离子交换前后样品的双轴弯曲强度、维氏硬度和断裂韧性.设置未交换组为空白对照.结果:CAD/CAM...     

不同粘接剂及表面处理对氧化锆的粘接强度的影响

目的:评价不同粘接剂及表面处理方法对氧化锆陶瓷与粘接剂的粘接强度的影响.方法:将较大氧化锆瓷片和较小氧化锆瓷片派对,随机分成12组,每组10对.粘接剂选用Ketac Cem Easymix、Rely X luting、Bifix QM和Panavia F,对氧化锆的表面分别喷砂、硅烷化或喷砂联合硅烷化处理,并进行剪切粘接强度测试.结果:在使用Ketac Cem Easymix和Rely X luting时,喷砂提高了粘接强度(P＜0.01).在使用Bifix QM和Panavia F时,喷砂、硅烷化或喷砂联合硅烷化处理提高了粘接强度(P＜0.01).表面处理相同时,Panavia F与氧化锆的粘接强度高于其它粘接剂(P＜0.01).结论:使用Panavia F联合喷砂加硅烷化处理的粘接强度最高.     

不同表面处理方法对CAD/CAM氧化锆种植体表面显微形貌的影响研究

目的：：研究采用不同表面处理方法对CAD/CAM氧化锆种植体表面显微形貌特征及粗糙度的影响。方法：通过CAD/CAM技术加工氧化锆圆盘与一段式氧化锆种植体( Y-TZP, WIELAND),根据表面处理方式分为终烧结表面、喷砂表面及喷砂加热酸蚀处理表面;标准对照组选用BEGO钛种植体表面。各组圆盘试件及种植体用扫描电子显微镜及Keyence 3D激光显微形貌测量显微镜进行表面显微形貌观察与测量。采用单因素方差分析比较各组统计学差异。结果：各组CAD/CAM氧化锆试件表面显微形貌观察显示,喷砂后表面出现边缘锐利的凹坑及沟槽;喷砂加热酸蚀处理后,氧化锆表面可见纳米级的微小孔隙及沟纹。氧化锆种植体粗糙度测量结果显示：终烧结组的表面粗糙度值(Ra=0.69μm)显著低于其他3组(P<0.001),喷砂组Ra值(Ra=1.30μm)显著低于喷砂加热酸蚀组(Ra=1.49μm)及BEGO钛种植体组(Ra=1.57μm)(P<0.01),而喷砂加热酸蚀组与BEGO钛种植体组则无显著差异(P=0.196)。结论：CAD/CAM氧化锆试件终烧结后喷砂或喷砂加热酸蚀处理均可获得较为理想的表面粗糙度,热酸蚀处理能够改变氧化锆表面的纳米级微观结构。     

纳米氢氧化锆涂层对10-甲基丙烯酰氧癸二氢磷酸酯提高氧化锆陶瓷粘接强度的影响

目的 研究纳米氢氧化锆在氧化锆陶瓷表面形成碱性涂层后对10-甲基丙烯酰氧癸二氢磷酸酯（MDP）与氧化锆陶瓷粘接强度的影响。方法 制作氧化钇稳定四方相氧化锆（Y-TZP）瓷片140枚,氧化铝喷砂后对其表面进行不同的处理,制作粘接试件并测试剪切粘接强度。以X线光电子能谱（XPS）检测Y-TZP陶瓷表面依次经过纳米氢氧化锆涂层和含有MDP的底涂剂处理后的化学键变化。结果 老化前,与对照组相比,两种碱性涂层均能提高短期粘接强度值,纳米氢氧化锆涂层增强效果更显著。老化后,各组粘接强度值差异无统计学意义,但较老化前均显著降低（P<0.05）。XPS在制备纳米氢氧化锆涂层的Y-TZP瓷片表面检测到-OH键,在制备纳米氢氧化锆涂层的Y-TZP陶瓷应用含有MDP的底涂剂处理后检测出-P-O-Zr键。结论 在氧化锆陶瓷表面制备碱性涂层能够使MDP提高氧化锆陶瓷粘接强度。     

不同酸蚀处理时间对可切削二矽酸锂增强玻璃陶瓷粘接性能的影响

目的：研究不同酸蚀时间对可切削二矽酸锂增强玻璃陶瓷粘接强度的影响。方法将二矽酸锂增强玻璃陶瓷瓷块预烧结后切割成厚3．0mm,边长10．0mm的正方形瓷片,分别用9．5% HF酸蚀处理,按照酸蚀处理时间的不同分为A、B、C、D、E、F 6组,每组随机选择10块瓷片与树脂粘接形成粘接试件测量剪切粘接强度,并使用扫描电子显微镜观察酸蚀后瓷片断面的微观形貌。结果用单因素方差分析发现B组剪切粘接强度与其他五组相比差异有统计学意义。扫描电子显微镜观察发现,不同酸蚀时间处理后瓷表面微观形貌变化与粘接强度之间有较好的吻合性。结论9．5% HF酸蚀时间对二矽酸锂增强玻璃陶瓷的粘接强度有显著影响。二矽酸锂增强玻璃陶瓷经9．5% HF酸蚀30s可以获得最佳粘接强度。     

不同表面处理方法对陶瓷托槽与不同瓷修复体粘结强度影响的研究

目的:评价不同瓷修复体试件经过3种表面处理方法后与陶瓷托槽粘结强度的关系。方法:钴铬烤瓷、铸瓷、锆瓷及聚合瓷4类试件经过喷砂(SB)、氢氟酸酸蚀(HFA)、喷砂+酸蚀(SB+HFA)处理后表面涂布硅烷偶联剂(SCA),再粘接陶瓷托槽,经37 ℃恒温水浴24 h 后检测粘接强度(SBS),扫描电镜观察托槽粘接前修复体表面的粗糙度及去除后修复体表面粘接剂残留情况。结果:钴铬烤瓷、铸瓷和聚合瓷试件的抗剪切强度分别与锆瓷试件比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);钴铬烤瓷和铸瓷试件的抗剪强度比较差异无统计学意义。扫描电镜结果显示4组试件表面粗糙度都有明显增加。而喷砂组和喷砂+酸蚀组试件表面的粗糙度明显高于酸蚀处理组;喷砂和喷砂+酸蚀组的表面处理效果差异不大,喷砂组的4类试件表面粘结剂残留最少。结论:3种表面处理方法均能满足临床正畸的需求。喷砂组去除托槽后对试件表面的影响最小,喷砂联合酸蚀处理并不能显著增加剪切强度。 [关键词] 陶瓷托槽 剪切强度 瓷修复体 表面处理     

不同表面处理方式对聚醚醚酮与复合树脂粘接性能的影响

目的研究不同存储条件下6种通用型粘接剂及喷砂条件对聚醚醚酮（PEEK）与复合树脂之间粘接强度和耐久性的影响。 方法将PEEK材料切割成12个边长为2 cm的正方体试件。对其中6个试件进行氧化铝喷砂处理。6种通用型粘接剂为：Tetric N-Bond Universal（TNU）、Single Bond Universal（SBU）、DX.BOND UNI（DXB）、Selective Etch Bond（SEB）、Gluma Bond Universal（GBU）、Prime & Bond Universal（PBU）。实验分为7组,每组包含4个喷砂面和4个未喷砂面。7种表面处理方法分别为：不使用粘接剂（对照组）和6种通用型粘接剂（实验组：TNU组、SBU组、DXB组、SEB组、GBU组、PBU组）。经表面处理后,将流动复合树脂F00注入透明模具并将其无压力置于试件表面后进行光照固化。试件分别在37 ℃恒温水浴24 h或冷热循环3000次后进行剪切粘接强度测试。使用松风EyeSpecial C-Ⅳ口腔专用相机微距模式进行断面拍照并进行断裂模式分析。采用SPSS 23.0软件Three-Way ANOVA（冷热循环、粘接剂与喷砂）与Tukey方法对各组数据进行统计分析（α = 0.05）。 结果24 h水浴条件下,TNU组分别获得不喷砂组（9.92 ± 1.19）MPa与喷砂组（9.97 ± 1.03）MPa最高粘接强度;冷热循环3000次后PBU组分别获得不喷砂组（6.75 ± 0.99）MPa与喷砂组（7.22 ± 1.30）MPa最高粘接强度。三因素分析结果显示：冷热循环（F = 3 045.429,P<0.001）、粘接剂（F = 361.165,P<0.001）与喷砂（F = 80.050,P<0.001）可显著影响粘接强度;冷热循环与粘接剂（F = 155.724,P<0.001）、粘接剂与喷砂（F = 3.535,P = 0.002）、冷热循环与喷砂（F = 9.184,P = 0.003）两两因素间分别具有交互作用;冷热循环、粘接剂与喷砂三因素间具有交互作用（F = 12.392,P<0.001）。 结论（1）喷砂有助于改善通用型粘接剂对复合树脂与PEEK 37 ℃恒温水浴24 h粘接强度;（2）复合树脂与PEEK粘接强度在冷热循环3000次后显著降低;（3）本实验中PBU组粘接耐久性优于其他粘接系统。     

氢氟酸质量分数对二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷表面形貌及树脂粘接的影响

目的 探讨不同质量分数的氢氟酸对二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷表面形貌及树脂粘接耐久性的影响。方法 制备大小为11 mm×13 mm×2 mm的二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷片试件72个,经烧结、研磨、清洗后,随机分为3组,每组24个,分别接受质量分数为32%的磷酸、4%的氢氟酸、9.5%的氢氟酸处理20 s,形成酸蚀后试件。每组随机选出4个陶瓷片,1个使用扫描电子显微镜观察陶瓷表面形态,另外3个用表面粗糙度仪测量陶瓷片表面粗糙度参数（Ra、Rz和Rmax）。陶瓷片表面接受硅烷偶联剂/树脂粘接剂/树脂水门汀处理,并与直径3 mm的复合树脂柱粘接形成粘接试件。将每组20个粘接试件分为两组,10个试件直接进行剪切实验,10个试件经20 000次冷热循环后进行剪切实验。结果 氢氟酸处理组试件表面粗糙度参数值均显著高于磷酸处理组;9.5%氢氟酸组除Ra以外的参数值均高于4%氢氟酸组（P<0.05）。冷热循环明显降低了所有实验组的粘接强度（P<0.05）。冷热循环前后,氢氟酸处理组的粘接强度均高于磷酸处理组;尽管4%氢氟酸组的粘接强度高于9.5%氢氟酸组,但9.5%氢氟酸组在冷热循环过程中的粘接强度降低幅度要明显低于4%氢氟酸组（P<0.05）。结论 氢氟酸的质量分数对陶瓷表面形态及与树脂的粘接耐久性有明显影响,9.5%氢氟酸能更有效地保持二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷的树脂粘接强度。     

磷酸酯单体对口腔氧化锆陶瓷粘接耐久性的影响

目的探讨含甲基丙烯酰癸基二氢磷酸酯(methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate,MDP)的底涂剂、通用粘接剂和自粘接树脂水门汀对口腔氧化锆陶瓷粘接耐久性的影响。方法制作氧化钇稳定的四方相氧化锆瓷片210个,氧化铝表面喷砂后分为7组(每组30个),以不含MDP的传统树脂水门汀作为对照组,其余6组分别应用两种含MDP的氧化锆底涂剂联合传统树脂水门汀(底涂剂组)、两种含MDP的通用粘接剂联合传统树脂水门汀以(粘接剂组)及两种含MDP的自粘接树脂水门汀(自粘接树脂水门订组),粘接氧化锆瓷片和复合树脂,制作粘接试件。试件制成后每组半数37℃水储存24 h(老化前),另一半37℃水储存12个月(老化后);测试剪切强度(即粘接强度)并分析断裂模式。结果水储存老化前与对照组较低的粘接强度[(5.04±0.50)MPa]相比,其他6组粘接强度均显著增加(P<0.05),均可达到9.51 MPa以上;其中2个自粘接树脂水门汀组粘接强度均较高,最大为(11.06±0.84)MPa。水储存老化后各组粘接强度均比老化前显著降低(P<0.05),除对照组外,其余6组粘接强度仍在7.44 MPa以上;其中2个自粘接树脂水门汀组及1个粘接剂组维持较高的粘接效果,且与2个底涂剂组的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论含MDP的产品可提高口腔氧化锆陶瓷的粘接耐久性,且不同产品类型对口腔氧化锆陶瓷粘接耐久性有不同的影响。     

Effect of silane pretreatment on the immediate bonding of universal adhesives to computer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufacturing lithium disilicate glass ceramics

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of silane pretreatment on the universal adhesive bonding between lithium disilicate glass ceramic and composite resin. IPS e.max ceramic blocks etched with hydrofluoric acid were randomly assigned to one of eight groups treated with one of four universal adhesives (two silane‐free adhesives and two silane‐containing adhesives), each with or without silane pretreatment. Bonded specimens were stored in water for 24 h. The shear bond strength (SBS) of the ceramic‐resin interface was measured to evaluate bond strength, and the debonded interface after the SBS test was analysed using field‐emission scanning electron microscopy to determine failure mode. Light microscopy was performed to analyse microleakage and marginal sealing ability. Silane pretreatment significantly and positively influenced SBS and marginal sealing ability. For all the universal adhesive groups, SBS increased and the percentage of microleakage decreased after the pretreatment. Without the pretreatment, SBS and the percentage of microleakage were not significantly different between the silane‐containing universal adhesive groups and the silane‐free groups. Cohesive failure was the main fracture pattern. The results suggest that additional silane pretreatment can effectively improve the bonding strength and marginal sealing of adhesives to lithium disilicate glass ceramics. The bonding performance of silane‐containing universal adhesives without pretreatment is similar to that of silane‐free adhesives.     

Bonding quality of contemporary dental cements to sandblasted esthetic crown copings*

Aim: To evaluate the shear bond strength of current luting cements to sandblasted crown‐coping substrates. Methods: Specimens of nickel‐chromium, pressable glass ceramic, and zirconia crown‐coping substrates were sandblasted in three groups (n = 30 each) with 50 (group 1), 110 (group 2), and 250 μm (group 3) alumina particles at a pressure of 250 kPa. Cylinders of glass ionomer, universal resin, and self‐adhesive resin cements were then built up on the sandblasted substrate surfaces of each group (n = 10). All bonded specimens were stressed to evaluate the cement–substrate shear bond strength. Both the mode and incidence of bond failure were also considered. Results: No difference was noticed between all test groups in terms of cement–substrate bond strength. In comparison to self‐adhesive type, the universal resin cement provided lower bond strengths to both metal and glass–ceramic substrates in group 1. The self‐adhesive resin cement provided the highest bond strengths to the zirconia substrates in groups 2 and 3. The adhesive type of bond failure was common in the metal and zirconia substrates in all groups. Conclusions: Cement–substrate bonding quality is not affected by the size of sandblasting particles. Resin cements bond better to different coping substrates. Self‐adhesive resin cement is the best choice to bond zirconia‐based substrates.     

通用型粘接剂和树脂水门汀对氧化锆 剪切粘接强度的影响

目的 研究通用型粘接剂和树脂水门汀对氧化锆陶瓷剪切粘接强度和耐久性的影响。方法 氧化锆陶瓷烧结制作20 mm×10 mm×10 mm和10 mm×10 mm×10mm两种尺寸的试件,实验分为12组,将这2种试件分别采用不同的树脂水门汀（RelyX Ultimate树脂水门汀、Clearfil SAC自粘接树脂水门汀）和通用粘接剂（无粘接剂、Scotchbond通用粘接剂、Clearfil SE One粘接剂）在不同的储存条件（水浴、水浴+冷热循环）下进行粘接。测试剪切粘接强度,分析断裂形态。结果 水门汀（F=8.41,P<0.01）和粘接剂（F=30.34,P<0.01）对氧化锆剪切粘接强度的影响有统计学意义;储存条件对剪切粘接强度的影响无统计学意义（F=1.83,P=0.18）。RelyX Ultimate树脂水门汀、无粘接剂、水浴+冷热循环储存时的剪切粘接强度最低（14.02 MPa±6.86 MPa）,RelyX Ultimate树脂水门汀、Scotchbond通用粘接剂、水浴+冷热循环储存时的剪切粘接强度最高（54.12 MPa±8.37 MPa）。结论 通用型粘接剂可提高树脂水门汀对氧化锆的粘接耐久性。非自粘接的树脂水门汀如不使用通用型粘接剂则其粘接耐久性下降。     

通用型粘接剂和树脂水门汀对氧化锆剪切粘接强度的影响

目的 研究通用型粘接剂和树脂水门汀对氧化锆陶瓷剪切粘接强度和耐久性的影响。方法 氧化锆陶瓷烧结制作20 mm×10 mm×10 mm和10 mm×10 mm×10mm两种尺寸的试件,实验分为12组,将这2种试件分别采用不同的树脂水门汀（RelyX Ultimate树脂水门汀、Clearfil SAC自粘接树脂水门汀）和通用粘接剂（无粘接剂、Scotchbond通用粘接剂、Clearfil SE One粘接剂）在不同的储存条件（水浴、水浴+冷热循环）下进行粘接。测试剪切粘接强度,分析断裂形态。结果 水门汀（F=8.41,P<0.01）和粘接剂（F=30.34,P<0.01）对氧化锆剪切粘接强度的影响有统计学意义;储存条件对剪切粘接强度的影响无统计学意义（F=1.83,P=0.18）。RelyX Ultimate树脂水门汀、无粘接剂、水浴+冷热循环储存时的剪切粘接强度最低（14.02 MPa±6.86 MPa）,RelyX Ultimate树脂水门汀、Scotchbond通用粘接剂、水浴+冷热循环储存时的剪切粘接强度最高（54.12 MPa±8.37 MPa）。结论 通用型粘接剂可提高树脂水门汀对氧化锆的粘接耐久性。非自粘接的树脂水门汀如不使用通用型粘接剂则其粘接耐久性下降。     

Micro-shear bond strength of dual-cured resin cement to glass ceramics.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sandblasting, etching, and a silane coupling agent on the ability of dual-cured resin cement to bond to glass ceramics designed for in indirect adhesive restoration. METHODS: A cast glass ceramic (Olympus Castable Ceramics) with a crystalline phase consisting of mica and beta-spondumene was selected as the substrate material. The glass surfaces, which were sandblasted, polished, or etched with phosphoric acid or hydrofluoric acid (HF), were bonded with a dual-cured resin cement (Panavia Fluoro Cement) using a dentin adhesive system (Clearfil SE Bond), both with and without a silane coupling agent. A micro-shear bond test was carried out to measure the bond strength of the resin cement to the glass surface. Each glass surface was bonded and tested using the shear test. In addition, surfaces with the bonding removed after the shear bond test, the adhesive interface between the glass and cement, and an etched glass surface without any bonding, were studied morphologically using scanning electron microscopy or field emission scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: Usage of a silane coupling agent effectively raised the bond-strength values of resin cement (Fisher's PLSD, P<0.01). The effectiveness of using phosphoric acid etching to improve bonding was not clear (Fisher's PLSD, P>0.01). HF-etching for 30s seemed to over-etch the glass surface, resulting in adverse effects on bonding (Fisher's PLSD, P<0.01). SIGNIFICANCE: The micro-shear bond strength between Olympus Castable Ceramics and resin cement can be increased by the silane coupling agent used along with an acidic primer.     

影响髓腔固位冠边缘密合性及机械强度的材料与牙体预备因素

髓腔固位冠是一种全冠和超嵌体的改良型,兼具粘接固位和髓腔机械固位。边缘密合性和机械强度是口腔修复体最常见的评价标准,笔者就近年来髓腔固位冠边缘密合性和机械强度的国内外研究进行综述。研究结果表明:各类临床常用的修复材料如玻璃陶瓷、氧化锆陶瓷及树脂基陶瓷制作的髓腔固位冠基本都具有临床可接受的边缘密合性;氧化锆是临床常用的陶瓷材料,但有不可再修复的根折风险;与氧化锆陶瓷材料相比,树脂基陶瓷、玻璃陶瓷如二硅酸锂陶瓷制作的髓腔固位冠较少出现不可再修复的缺陷,但其强度不及氧化锆。同时,牙体预备方式如髓腔固位冠类型、髓腔固位深度、髓腔洞形轴壁外展度以及[牙合]面厚度均对髓腔固位冠的机械强度存在影响。釉锆作为一种新型氧化锆材料,与传统氧化锆有相似的弹性模量(210 GPa),但美观性更佳,且与髓腔固位冠一样适合于咬合空间不足的短冠患者。如何进行改良以降低氧化锆制作髓腔固位冠修复失败后的根折风险需要进一步的研究。     

自粘接树脂水门汀与两种粗化处理的二硅酸锂陶瓷的粘接性能评价

摘要］目的：评价自粘接树脂水门汀与喷砂和氢氟酸酸蚀两种方式粗化处理的二硅酸锂陶瓷的粘接强度及耐久性。材料和方法：制作二硅酸锂瓷片183个,烧结后随机分为2组分别进行氢氟酸酸蚀和喷砂,随后根据粘接策略的不同分为RU（RelyX Unicem）、RU200(RelyXTM U200)以及RV(silane+RelyX Veneer) 3个亚组分别制作粘接试件。各组试件一半于37℃下水储24h,另一半进行20000次冷热循环,随后测试剪切粘接强度。氢氟酸酸蚀、喷砂及未进行粗化处理的陶瓷试件采用扫描电镜观察表面形貌。结果：氢氟酸组产生显著高于喷砂组的粘接强度（p<0.05）;单纯应用自粘接树脂水门汀组的粘接效果与传统树脂水门汀结合硅烷预处理组无统计学差别（p=0.057）;所有组的粘接强度在老化后均显著降低（p<0.05）。结论：氢氟酸酸蚀可以获得较氧化铝喷砂处理更佳的粘接效果;自粘接树脂水门汀在无需硅烷预处理的条件下用于二硅酸锂陶瓷的粘接可获得较好的粘接效果。     

Microtensile Bond Strength of a Resin Cement to Silica‐Based and Y‐TZP Ceramics Using Different Surface Treatments

Purpose

To evaluate the effects of different surface treatments on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of bonding between resin cement and lithia or zirconia‐based ceramics using an in vitro study.

Materials and Methods

Three zirconia ceramic blocks (IPS e.max ZirCAD) and three lithium disilicate ceramic blocks (IPS e.max CAD) were sintered and duplicated in resin composite. The zirconia specimens underwent various treatments (n = 1): (i) Sandblast + primer (ZiSa); (ii) sandblast + laser irradiation + primer (ZiSaLa); or (iii) laser irradiation + primer (ZiLa). The lithium disilicate specimens also underwent various treatments: (i) sandblast + HF + silane (LiSaE); (ii) sandblast + silane (LiSa); or (iii) sandblast + laser irradiation + silane (LiSaLa). The ceramic–composite blocks were cemented with resin cement and cut to produce bars with approx. 1 mm² bonding areas. The specimens were thermocycled, and bond strength tests were performed in a universal testing machine. The fracture type was determined by observing the fractured surface under a stereomicroscope. The mean bond strengths of the specimens were statistically analyzed using one‐way ANOVA and Duncan's tests (α = 0.05).

Results

Mean comparison of the μTBS showed no significant difference between LiSaE and LiSa (p > 0.05), but significant differences between LiSaE and other groups (p ≤ 0.01). No significant differences were found between the ZiSaLa and ZiSa groups (p > 0.05). The modes of failure in all groups were mostly adhesive (57% to 80%). The mean bond strengths in laser‐irradiated ceramics were significantly lower than those from other surface treatments. All ZiLa specimens debonded before testing (pretest failure).

Conclusions

Lithium disilicate ceramic surface treated with a combination of sandblasting and silane application provided a bond strength comparable to that provided by sandblasting in combination with acid etching and applying silane. Groups treated with laser irradiation had significantly lower bond strengths than other groups.     

Effectiveness of pre-silanization in improving bond performance of universal adhesives or self-adhesive resin cements to silica-based ceramics: Chemical and in vitro evidences

Objectives

To examine effectiveness of pre-silanization in improving bond performance of multipurpose products such as universal adhesives or self-adhesive resin cements to silica-based ceramics.