官兵体检中心理健康水平测评及分析

目的测评加参体检官兵的心理健康水平并分析其影响因素。方法：采用中国军人心理健康量表（CMMHS），对来我院体检的官兵3200例进行心理健康水平测评。结果：官兵心理不健康检出率为10．4％，其中新兵心理不健康检出率为12．7％，老兵为8．6％。总分值与官兵的年龄及职务呈正相关，与文化程度、性别和城乡呈负相关。结论：参加体检官兵的心理健康总体水平低于中国军人常模，应做好有针对性的心理干预。     

新疆兵团七师130团慢性病患病分析

目的评价慢性病的高发因素。分析影响生活质量的主要因素,为减少慢性病的发生,提高慢性病患者生活质量提供参考依据。方法 20岁以上人群健康体检中进行筛查包括主要危险因素,体格检查,实验室检查。结果高血压,糖尿病,心脑血管疾病患病率高于其他疾病患病率。45-75岁患病率明显增高。结论全面深入地搞好社区健康教育和健康促进,提高居民自我保健意识,改善不良生活行为,降低或消除危险因素,减少慢性病的发生。     

事故后飞行人员专项心理评估技术的研究

目的通过对事故后飞行人员心理状况进行实证量化研究,形成一套迅速、有效地针对事故后飞行人员的心理评估的专项技术。方法对580名飞行员实施流行病学调查、创伤后应激反应症状自评以及心理健康评估。结果通过流行病学调查筛查出事故亲身经历以及自评影响251例;根据心理特质将飞行人员聚为三类;PTSD-SS阳性51例,经过临床医师确诊34例,其中有28例属于反应过激型的飞行人员,符合率为82.4%。结论心理测验评估结果与临床诊断具有较好的一致性,通过三个层次的筛查与验证性研究,形成对事故后飞行人员心理状况的评估的专项技术,对飞行作战训练有着重要的临床意义。     

老年骨折患者围手术期心理健康水平与影响因素分析

目的：了解老年骨折患者围手术期心理特征，掌握影响老年骨折患者手术前后心理健康水平的因素。方法：参考SCL—90症状自评量表对127例老年骨折患者围手术期心理健康水平进行评估，并对其影响因素用SPSS88．0软件包进行分析和方差统计处理。结果：127例老年骨折手术患者围手术期心理阳性项目得分明显高于常模，术前抑郁、焦虑情绪水平高于术后。结论：健康自我评价、社会支持、护理行为及经济负担等四项为影响围手术期心理健康水平的重要因素，应加强围手术期心理护理，提高老年骨折患者心理健康水平。     

Lung-RADS在肺部结节筛查中的性能评价

目的：比较肺部影像报告和数据系统(Lung-RADS)与美国国立肺筛查实验(NLST)分类方法在肺部结节筛查中的性能。方法回顾性分析153例进行了基线和基线后筛查的肺部结节患者,分别进行 Lung-RADS和 NSLT分类,比较2种分类在肺内结节筛查中的敏感度、假阳性率、阳性预测值及阴性预测值。结果153例肺内结节患者在基线筛查中,Lung-RADS与 NLST的敏感度、假阳性率、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为83.9%、13.2%、6.5%、99.7%和92.5%、26.9%、3.8%、99.8%;在基线后筛查中分别为79.6%、5.5%、11.5%、99.8%和93.5%、22.8%、3.5%、99.9%。结论与 NLST分类相比,Lung-RADS分类在基线和基线后筛查均具有较低的假阳性率,减少了肺内低风险结节的筛查。     

青年卒中患者心理健康状况及其影响因素研究

目的调查青年卒中患者心理健康状况及其影响因素,为制定预防保健措施提供科学依据。方法采用随机抽样的方法,利用一般资料表、症状自评量表、社会支持量表以及家庭功能量表对120例青年卒中患者进行问卷调查。结果青年卒中患者心理异常阳性检出率为49.17%（59例）;与1986年、2006年全国常模比较,青年卒中患者症状自评量表总分及各因子得分均较高（P＜0.05）;多元逐步回归分析显示,文化程度、家庭功能、社会支持3个变量是青年卒中患者心理健康主要影响因素。结论青年卒中患者心理健康状况较差,医护人员应当及时采取有效干预措施,改善患者心理健康水平。     

个体化护理管理对社区老年慢性病患者用药依从性的影响分析

目的 探讨个体化护理管理对社区老年慢性病患者用药依从性的影响,为改善该人群护理方法及内容提供有效依据.方法 将2016年6月—2017年6月到本院康复医学科就诊的西北桥社区老年慢性病患者纳入研究,随机分为实验组和对照组(各123例),病情稳定出院后建议患者转至西北桥社区医院维持治疗,实验组患者给予为期3个月的个体化护理管理干预并定期随访,干预结束后两组患者同时以Morisky用药依从性量表评价用药依从性,以自制护理满意度调查问卷评价护理满意度.结果 3个月后,实验组用药依从率为93.97%,明显高于对照组的78.18%(P=0.001);实验组护理满意度为95.69%,明显高于对照组的78.18%(P<0.001).结论 老年慢性病患者开展个体化护理管理干预可有效提高患者用药依从性,增加护理满意度,有较高推广应用价值.     

癌症患者的全程管理

2006年,世界卫生组织把癌症重新定义为可调控、治疗甚至治愈的慢性病。但要实现上述预期效果,需对癌症患者实行全过程管理。结合国内外文献及临床经验,文章将对癌症患者的全程管理分四个方面进行论述：预防和筛查是癌症全程管理的首要任务;综合治疗是癌症全程管理的关键;癌症康复、复查随访是癌症全程管理的延续;临终关怀是癌症患者全程管理的终结体现。     

岛礁官兵焦虑、抑郁情绪调查及其影响因素分析

目的:调查岛礁官兵焦虑、抑郁情绪状态的严重程度并探讨其影响因素,为后续官兵心理筛查及心理健康维护提供理论依据。方法:采用焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表、大五人格量表、人际关系量表和心理弹性量表,对岛礁官兵的情绪状况及相关因素进行评估。结果:出现焦虑情绪的官兵人数占总测评人数的34.14%,出现抑郁情绪的官兵人数占总测评人数...     

某部40岁以上1208例体检人群大肠癌筛查结果分析

 目的 探索与体检相结合的大肠癌筛查工作的可行性。方法 选择某部40岁以上人群1208例,通过宣传手段使其了解大肠癌的危险因素,发放便潜血标本收集器,对便潜血试验阳性和有危险因素的高危人群进行肠镜检查。结果 在1208例筛查人员中,同时行便潜血检查和参加危险因素调查者1045例,筛查的总应答率86.5%,肠镜检查的应答率72.7%,均高于国内几次大型筛查的应答率（P＜0.05）。潜血阳性组行肠镜检查21例,危险因素调查阳性组行肠镜检查83例;两组的肠镜检查应答率、肠镜检查阳性率、癌的检出率、伴不典型增生的检出率相比差异无统计学意义,潜血阳性组绒毛状腺瘤、多发管状腺瘤的检出率高于危险因素调查阳性组（P＜0.05）,危险因素调查阳性组单发管状腺瘤的检出率高于潜血阳性组（P＜0.05）。结论 与单位体检相结合的大肠癌筛查方案人群应答率高,危险因素调查是大肠癌筛查的有效手段。     

Pain management in oncology

Several interventional radiology procedures are available for the management of cancer pain. In this article, we will briefly review the different procedures and their value in the setting of cancer pain management under two main categories: indirect action (regional anesthesia from neurolysis) and direct action on the tumor. Percutaneous ablation of bone tumors: alcohol, laser, radiofrequency, microwaves, ultrasound, and cryoablation. Several indications have previously been validated, including thermal ablation of bone metastases with results superior to conventional therapies. Additional applications should be validated over the next few years.     

Database management in autoradiography

Experiments in autoradiography involve the use of radiotracers to achieve a "functional mapping" between structures of the central nervous system and observed behavior in animals. A typical experiment produces 100-300 sections per animal. Computer systems such as DUMAS (Drexel's Unix based iMage Analysis System) are used to analyze these sections. Each section has two images associated with it--an autoradiographic image and a histological image. The latter is used to establish a correlation between anatomical structures and areas on the autoradiogram. User drawn outlines on the histological image are transferred to the autoradiographic image to obtain quantitative measures (such as average gray level). Existing systems do not take advantage of the fact that consecutive sections obtained from a brain are often similar. As a result, much of the effort involved with region outlining is repetitive. Also, the criteria for region selection varies not only across experiments, but also between users. This paper presents an approach to design an integrated database management system to manage both pictorial and quantitative data in autoradiography. Briefly, such a system is used to (a) store sets of reference outlines and images for use during the analysis of sections, (b) provide a bank of information to the user from across experiments, (c) provide an on-line help facility to the novice, and a reference guide to the expert. Based on specific requirements, we chose the relational model for data management. We developed a preliminary version of the database using INFORMIX-ESQL/C, which is a commercially available relational system. We also developed a graphics editor that is actively linked to the database. The results of our efforts have established the feasibility of using a commercially available relational system for autoradiographic data management.     

Exercise in obesity management

Obesity is considered a global epidemic by the World Health Organization in both developed and developing countries. It is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, cancer and other clinical conditions. Visceral fat is the major responsible for metabolic complications, such as insulin-resistance, and it acts as an endocrine organ producing adipokines involved in lipidic and glycaemic metabolism. TNF-α and IL-6, produced by adipose tissue, increase NADPH oxidase activity activating protein kinase C and NFκB leading to an higher oxidative stress. The obesity management includes physical activity: aerobic training improves lipid profile and insulin sensitivity while resistance training increases lean body mass and basal metabolism and has beneficial effects on bone mineral density and glucose tolerance. An exercise program should include 30 to 45 minutes of moderate intensity activity performed 3 to 5 days a week. Weight loss is also associated with lower blood pressure and improved oxidative status, confirmed by reduced oxidative stress markers and increased antioxidant protection. An inverse association between indicators of systemic inflammation and physical activity has been demonstrated, so exercise training may reduce endothelial damage and cardiovascular risk.     

Priorities in trauma management

The overriding concern in trauma care is not only to minimize mortality, but to maintain a functional human being. Treatment should first be directed to preserve the brain and the cardiopulmonary viscera.     

Computed tomography in management of medulloblastomas

Summary The neuroradiological studies of 116 patients with histologically verified medulloblastomas, which had been examined with plain and contrastenhanced computed tomography (CT), were reviewed. The typical CT appearances of a well-defined, hyperdense enhancing mass in the vermis, with surrounding oedema, occurred in 60% of this series. Atypical features include calcification (17%), cystic or necrotic regions (47%) or poorly defined margins and lack of enhancement (7%). Such features in a vermis mass presenting in the first decade, especially in a boy, should not be considered against the diagnosis of medulloblastoma, but may be misleading when the tumour predominantly involves a cerebellar hemisphere.     

胸腰椎骨折治疗中值得探讨的问题

胸腰椎骨折脱位最是常见的脊柱损伤.约有50%的椎体骨折和40%的脊髓损伤发生于T11～L2节段.大多数胸腰部创伤是由交通事故引起的高能量损伤.与大部分脊柱创伤一样,大多数胸腰椎骨折发生于15～29岁的男性青壮年患者中,高能量致伤因素占65%以上.     

医院危机管理在护理管理中的应用

社会与医学环境的巨大变化,使现代医院面临危机的种类以及发生的频率与日俱增〔1〕。医院危机管理在现代医院管理中占有重要地位,已逐渐被越来越多的医院护理管理者所重视。护理部是医院重要组成部分,而护理危机的发生具有突然性和不确定性,寻找解决对策尤为重要。危机管理倾向及时指出并制定对策,采取相应的措施。医院作为危机易发地,如何构建危机管理体系,防范于未然,是每一位护理管理者必须思考的问题。1医院护理危机管理的含义医院危机管理是以医院为对象,应用危机管理的一般理论与方法,将危机管理与医院危机管理有机结合起来,预测、分…