窒息新生儿甲状腺激素测定及临床意义

为观察窒息对新生儿甲状腺功能的影响及其临床意义,本文对21例窒息后新生儿血清促甲状腺激素(TSH)、三碘甲状腺素(T3)、甲状腺素(T4)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)进行了测定,现报告如下.     

老年患者患病时与病愈后甲状腺激素水平的变化分析

目的 探讨老年患者患病时与病愈后甲状腺激素水平的变化及临床意义.方法 选择因非甲状腺疾病就诊的老年患者97例,于入院第二天晨起和病愈出院2～3个月后分别抽取空腹静脉血,检测三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、四碘甲状腺原氨酸(T4)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(n3)、游离四碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH),同时检测入院第二天晨起的血糖和血脂水平.结果 97例老年患者,患病时与病愈后T3、T4、FT3、FT4四种激素水平差异有统计学意义,TSH水平差异无统计学意义.结论 本研究表明,老年患者患病时甲状腺激素水平明显低于病愈后的甲状腺激素水平.     

甲亢患者围手术期T3、T4、FT3、FT4、TSH值的变化探讨

本文对30例甲亢手术病人做前瞻性围手术期血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸(简称T3)，甲状腺案(简称T4)，游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(简称FT3)，游离甲状腺素(简称FT4)，促甲状腺素(简称TSH)值测定，探讨其变化规律。     

乌鲁木齐健康成年人不同年龄组四项甲状腺激素和TSH测定

本文对8105名乌鲁木齐市健康成年人测定血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、甲状腺素(T4)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)和促甲状腺素(TSH).探讨本市不同年龄组血清五项激素的变化规律.     

新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征、新生儿肺炎患儿甲状腺激素水平分析

目的分析新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征、新生儿肺炎患儿甲状腺激素水平。方法 42例新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征者为呼吸窘迫组; 57例新生儿肺炎为肺炎组; 60例健康新生儿为对照组。采用电化学分析法检测患儿血清的甲状腺激素,包括总三碘甲状腺素原氨酸(T3)、总甲状腺素(T4)、游离总三碘甲状腺素原氨酸(FT3)、游离总甲状腺素(FT4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)。结果呼吸窘迫组患儿血清的T3、T4、FT3、FT4、TSH水平均低于对照组,差异显著(P 0. 05);肺炎组患儿血清的T3、T4、FT4水平均低于对照组,FT3、TSH水平均高于对照组,差异显著(P 0. 05)。结论新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征、新生儿肺炎患儿的甲状腺功能异常,与病情及预后密切相关,及时检测患儿的甲状腺激素水平,评估病情、指导治疗均具有积极作用。     

金华市4024例孕妇不同孕期甲状腺激素及TSH水平变的化分析

通过检测金华市区4024例孕妇的总三碘甲腺原氨酸(TT3)、总甲状腺素(TT4)、游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH),以了解在不同孕期孕妇的甲状腺激素变化.现将结果报告如下.     

垂体腺瘤切除术患者术前术后甲状腺激素测定的意义

目的：探讨垂体腺瘤患者术前、术后血清中甲状腺激素的变化,分析其临床意义。方法：从垂体肿瘤手术病人中,筛选出病理诊断为垂体腺瘤患者纳入分析。50例垂体腺瘤切除术患者均做血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（FT3）、游离甲状腺素（FT4）、促甲状腺激素（TSH）、人血清3,3’,5’-三碘甲腺原氨酸（rT3）的水平测定。结果：垂体腺瘤病人术前FT4、rT3明显低于正常人,FT3、TSH与正常人无显著性差异,和术前比较,垂体腺瘤切除术后FT3明显下降,rT3明显回升,FT4、TSH变化不明显。结论：术前、术后测量甲状腺激素水平有助于监测甲状腺功能恢复情况,以协助判断手术效果。     

Graves病孕妇丙基硫氧嘧啶治疗后血清TRAb动态检测的临床意义

目的:探讨Graves病孕妇服用丙基硫氧嘧啶治疗后血清TRAb以及甲状腺功能检验值的变化规律及其临床意义.方法:应用放射性受体分析和电化学发光免疫分析动态检测Graves病孕妇服用丙基硫氧嘧啶后的血清TRAb和游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平.结果:孕早期Graves病...     

分化型甲状腺癌术后激素水平变化及对促甲状腺激素抑制治疗的指导

目的探讨分化型甲状腺癌手术治疗后血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、甲状腺激素(T4)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺激素(FT4)和促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平随时间的变化及其对促甲状腺激素抑制治疗的指导价值。方法选取2012年1月至2017年12月于我院接受手术治疗的分化型甲状腺癌患者120例,依据手术方式的不同将患者分为甲状腺全切除组(n=55)和患侧腺叶及峡部切除组(n=65),于术后第1、2、4、6、8、14天检测2组患者T3、T4、FT3、FT4和TSH水平。结果甲状腺全切除组患者术后血清T3和FT3总体呈下降趋势,但术后第6天一过性增高,高于术后第4天水平,术后第14天血清T3和FT3低于正常参考范围。术后至第4天血清T4、FT4呈上升趋势,之后呈下降趋势,于术后第14天低于正常参考范围。血清TSH于术后第2天开始升高,于术后第6天超过正常参考范围,至术后第14天呈上升趋势。患侧腺叶及峡部切除组患者血清T3、FT3水平于术后第6天前呈下降趋势,术后第6天至14天呈上升趋势,第14天时其水平低于正常参考范围;血清T4、FT4于术后第2天达高峰后下降,术后第14天处于正常范围;术后血清TSH于术后4天内呈下降趋势,至术后第8天超过术前水平,术后第14天达正常参考值上限。结论分化型甲状腺癌手术治疗后其甲状腺相关激素呈动态变化规律,临床上应根据其变化规律确定促甲状腺激素抑制治疗时机。     

2型糖尿病患者血清TGA、TPO-Ab及甲状腺激素检测的评价

目的:探讨检测2型糖尿病(DM2)患者血清TGA、TPO-Ab及甲状腺激素含量的临床意义.方法:采用化学发光免疫分析(CLIA)测定82例DM2患者血清中甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGA)、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPO-Ab)及游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)和促甲状腺素(TSH)水平.结果:与68例正常...     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

The universal muscular chain reaction,muscle spasm,Torsions, ruptures and extravasations. Chameleons of pathology and some manifestations of simple muscular disorders

Most bodily functions require the coordinated actions of complementary and supplementary paired muscle groups. Where this essential muscular cooperation is lacking, hollow organs may burst and others become literally screwed up, giving rise to many similar spastic diseases such as Torticollis, Twisted ovarian cyst, Torsion of the Testis, Volvulus of the intestines, Varicose Veins, Megacolon, Aortamegaly, Scoliosis, Erb's Palsy, Peyronie's Disease, Main-en-Griffe, Undescended Foot (Pes Cavus), Talipes, Strabismus. Spasm is “panenepidemic” and unclassified examples of Torsion Dystonia and Dyskinesia really are as common as debt and taxes.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

Hypo- und Hypermagnesämie aus kardiologischer Sicht

Zusammenfassung Eine Reihe pathologischer Zustände bedingen Magnesiummangel. Zustände mit Hypermagnesämie sind ebenfalls bekannt, doch wesentlich seltener. Für den Kardiologen beachtenswert ist, daß unter Therapie mit bestimmten Diuretica bei Herzinsuffizienz, bei Herzinfarkt, Kardiomyopathie, Digitalisintoxikation und bestimmten Herzrhythmusstörungen Hypomagnesämie beobachtet wurde. Leider kann in der klinischen Routine nur ein extracelluläres Magnesiumdefizit durch Serumbestimmungen gemessen werden; über Magnesiummangel einzelner Organe kann nichts ausgesagt werden. Hinweise für Magnesiummangel geben aber neben der Messung des Serumspiegels Anamnese, klinischer Befund, bestimmte EKG-Veränderungen wie auch evtl. Hypokalämie, ein Zustand, bei dem sich oft — besonders bei Aldosteronismus — parallele Veränderungen zeigten.Tierexperimente deuten darauf hin, daß infarktähnliche Läsionen unter Magnesiummangel entstehen, doch ob Herzinfarkt beim Menschen durch Magnesiummangel ausgelöst werden kann, ist noch ungeklärt. In Leichenherzen zeigte sich im Infarktgebiet neben Calciumakkumulation signifikanter Magnesiumverlust, wobei unklar blieb, ob sich Ursache oder Folge des Infarktes widerspiegelten. Falls ein ursächlicher Zusammenhang besteht, ist er im Myokardstoffwechsel selbst zu suchen, wie bei der Alkoholkardiomyopathie, wo myokardialer Magnesiummangel zumindest als pathogenetischer Teilfaktor anerkannt wird. Andererseits versucht man aber auch Beziehungen zwischen Atherosklerose, Blutgerinnung und Hypomagnesämie herzustellen, in der Meinung, daß Magnesiummangel auch über den coronaren Pathomechanismus des Herzinfarktes wirken könnte. Sicher scheint, daß gewisse EKG-Veränderungen und Herzrhythmusstörungen durch einen irritierten Magnesiumhaushalt bedingt sein können, da sie bei Gabe bzw. Entzug von Magnesium verschwinden. Daß Magnesiummangel die Glykosidtoleranz verringert, wird tierexperimentell bestätigt. Unter Hypomagnesämie bewirkt Acetylstrophanthidin eher und länger Rhythmusstörungen als ohne, außerdem lassen diese sich durch Magnesiumgaben eliminieren. Da in gewissen Fällen spontane und digitalisinduzierte Herzrythmusstörungen durch Magnesiuminjektionen beseitigt wurden, scheint Magnesium als Therapeuticum angebracht. Einsatz verschiedener Magnesiumsalze bei Angina pectoris, degenerativen Herzerkrankungen und Herzinsuffizienz ohne geprüften und offensichtlich gestörten Magnesiumhaushalt ist fragwürdig, weil keine eindeutigen klinischen Erfolgsbeweise vorliegen. Immerhin mag es aber larvierte, durch Serumbestimmungen nicht erfaßbare Mangelzustände geben. Allgemein erscheint es aus kardiologischer Sicht ratsam, den Magnesiumhaushalt zu überwachen und in entsprechenden Fällen auszugleichen, um möglichen Myokardläsionen oder fatalen Herzrhythmusstörungen entgegenzuwirken.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The case for allele‐specific recognition by the TCR

There is a sharp difference in how one views TCR structure–function–behaviour dependent on whether its recognition of major histocompatibility complex‐encoded restriction elements (R) is germline selected or somatically generated. The generally accepted or Standard model is built on the assumption that recognition of R is by the V regions of the αβ TCR, which is not driven by allele specificity, whereas the competing model posits that recognition of R is allele‐specific. The establishing of allele‐specific recognition of R by the TCR would rule out the Standard model and clear the road to a consideration of a competing construct, the Tritope model. Here, the case for allele‐specific recognition (germline selected) is detailed making it obvious that the Standard model is untenable.