34 周以下适于胎龄及小于胎龄早产儿出生 2 周内 蛋白质、能量摄入及体质量变化

目的了解34周以下早产适于胎龄儿(AGA)和小于胎龄儿(SGA)生后蛋白质、能量摄入量以及体质量z评分的变化情况。方法回顾收集2012年1月至2014年12月入院的314例早产儿,比较268例AGA和46例SGA早产儿生后2周内蛋白质、能量摄入情况和体质量变化。结果 SGA组住院时间、肠外联合肠内营养时间、全肠内营养时间、达足量喂养时间均较AGA早产儿长,差异有统计学意义(P??0.05);SGA组生后第4、8、12天能量摄入量明显低于AGA组,SGA组生后第6、8天总蛋白质摄入量明显低于AGA组,差异均有统计学意义(P??0.05);SGA组日平均体质量增长量大于AGA组,差异有统计学意义(P??0.05);AGA组与SGA组生后2周内体质量z评分均逐渐远离中位水平,且SGA组2周时体质量z评分低于AGA组(P??0.05)。结论胎龄??34周的SGA早产儿恢复出生体质量后的生长速率快于AGA早产儿,存在一定的追赶生长;但SGA、AGA早产儿的生长均有待提高。     

Tau 蛋白及抵抗素对宫内感染致早产儿脑损伤早期预测作用

目的评价血浆Tau蛋白及抵抗素对宫内感染致早产儿脑损伤的早期预测作用。方法选择2017年1月至10月NICU收治的47例早发型败血症早产儿作为感染组,根据头颅MRI将其分为脑损伤组22例、无脑损伤组25例;另选择12例正常早产儿作为对照组。通过酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测三组早产儿生后第1、3、7天血浆Tau蛋白及抵抗素水平。结果脑损伤组Tau蛋白在第1天明显增高,而后逐渐降低,各时间点均高于无脑损伤组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);在不同时间点,无脑损伤组与对照组之间Tau蛋白水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。脑损伤组抵抗素水平在第1天明显增高,第3天持平,第7天明显降低,各时间点均高于无脑损伤组及对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);无脑损伤组抵抗素在第1天增高,而后逐渐降低,第7天基本恢复正常。结论生后3天内检测血浆Tau蛋白及抵抗素水平可能有助于早期预测早产儿宫内感染导致的脑损伤。     

不同胎龄早产儿胃肠动力和分泌功能成熟特点研究

目的探讨不同胎龄早产儿生后28天内胃肠动力和胃肠分泌功能成熟的特点。方法入选15例胎龄32周的小胎龄组早产儿和15例胎龄32~37周的大胎龄组早产儿,并以15例足月儿作对照组。于早产儿出生第7、14、21、28天,足月儿生后第7天,用超声检测胃排空率(GER)、胃窦运动指数(MI),取胃液测胃液p H值、胃蛋白酶原(PG)。结果两组早产儿的GER、MI均随着日龄增加而逐渐升高;小胎龄组第21、28天的GER水平,及第14、21、28天的MI水平均低于大胎龄组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与大胎龄组比较,小胎龄组GER、MI接近于足月儿水平的时间较晚。两组早产儿的胃液p H值均呈先上升后下降的趋势,小胎龄组第7、14、21天的胃液p H值高于大胎龄组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);与足月儿第7天比较,仅小胎龄组第14、21天的胃液p H值高于足月儿(P0.05)。小胎龄组各时间点的PG水平低于大胎龄组;两组早产儿的PG低于足月儿第7天水平,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),仅大胎龄组第28天PG水平与足月儿的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论小胎龄组早产儿胃肠动力及分泌功能低于大胎龄组及足月儿,应采取更谨慎的喂养策略。GER和MI可作为判断早产儿胃肠动力的客观指标。     

不同胎龄早产儿胃肠动力和分泌功能成熟特点研究#br#

目的探讨不同胎龄早产儿生后28天内胃肠动力和胃肠分泌功能成熟的特点。方法入选15例胎龄32周的小胎龄组早产儿和15例胎龄32~37周的大胎龄组早产儿,并以15例足月儿作对照组。于早产儿出生第7、14、21、28天,足月儿生后第7天,用超声检测胃排空率(GER)、胃窦运动指数(MI),取胃液测胃液p H值、胃蛋白酶原(PG)。结果两组早产儿的GER、MI均随着日龄增加而逐渐升高;小胎龄组第21、28天的GER水平,及第14、21、28天的MI水平均低于大胎龄组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与大胎龄组比较,小胎龄组GER、MI接近于足月儿水平的时间较晚。两组早产儿的胃液p H值均呈先上升后下降的趋势,小胎龄组第7、14、21天的胃液p H值高于大胎龄组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);与足月儿第7天比较,仅小胎龄组第14、21天的胃液p H值高于足月儿(P0.05)。小胎龄组各时间点的PG水平低于大胎龄组;两组早产儿的PG低于足月儿第7天水平,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),仅大胎龄组第28天PG水平与足月儿的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论小胎龄组早产儿胃肠动力及分泌功能低于大胎龄组及足月儿,应采取更谨慎的喂养策略。GER和MI可作为判断早产儿胃肠动力的客观指标。     

TGF-β1与BMP-7对早产儿支气管肺发育不良早期预测作用

目的探讨血浆转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)与骨形成蛋白-7(BMP-7)的水平变化对早产儿支气管肺发育不良(BPD)的早期预测作用。方法选择2017年7月—2018年8月新生儿重症监护室收治的84例出生胎龄28～32周、出生体质量1 500 g的早产儿,根据BPD诊断标准分为BPD组(n=31)和非BPD组(n=53)。生后第1、7、14天分别采集外周血,通过酶联免疫吸附法检测血浆TGF-β1和BMP-7浓度,并进行比较。结果经重复测量方差分析发现,两组间血浆TGF-β1和BMP-7浓度的差异均有统计学意义(P0. 001);两组血浆TGF-β1和BMP-7浓度随着时间点变化趋势的差异也有统计学意义(P0.001)。BPD组TGF-β1水平在第1天轻度上升,第7天较前下降,第14天明显升高;血浆BMP-7水平在第1天轻度上升,第7天继续上升,第14天较前下降;BPD组患儿在生后各时间点的TGF-β1和BMP-7浓度均高于非BPD组。结论生后早期血浆TGF-β1与BMP-7水平检测有助于早产儿BPD的早期预测。     

N端脑钠肽前体及Tei指数对新生儿缺氧性肺动脉高压右心室功能评价的意义

目的 探讨血浆N端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)及Tei指数评价新生儿缺氧性肺动脉高压(HPH)患儿右心室功能的意义.方法 选择2012年6月至2013年11月本院新生儿重症监护病房收治的缺氧性新生儿为观察组,根据生后第1天是否合并肺动脉高压分为HPH组与非HPH组.HPH组依据其生后第7天的肺动脉压力(PASP)是否恢复正常分为HPH恢复组和HPH未恢复组.选择同期入院无缺氧病史的新生儿为对照组.所有研究对象均于生后第1天、HPH组于生后第7天测定PASP、右室Tei指数、右室射血分数(RVEF)、E/A比值;所有对象于超声检查后1h内采集静脉血,测定血浆NT-proBNP水平.结果 研究期间共收治有缺氧史的新生儿72例,合并肺动脉高压46例,其中轻度HPH组20例,中度HPH组18例,重度HPH组8例,非HPH组26例;共纳入对照组22例.生后第1天各组RVEF、E/A比值比较,中度及重度HPH组均低于对照组、非HPH组及轻度HPH组,重度HPH组低于中度组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).生后第1天各组Tei指数及血浆NT-proBNP比较,HPH组和非HPH组均高于对照组,中度及重度HPH组高于非HPH组和轻度HPH组,重度HPH组高于中度HPH组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).生后第7天HPH恢复组RVEF、E/A比值高于第1天,Tei指数及血浆NT-proBNP低于第1天,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);HPH未恢复组Tei指数及血浆NT-proBNP低于第1天,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),RVEF、E/A比值与第1天差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).生后第1天Tei指数与血浆NT-proBNP呈正相关(r=0.826,P＜0.001),并且二者均与PASP正相关(r分别为0.555,0.504,P＜0.001).结论 新生儿HPH患儿存在右心功能障碍,其血浆NT-proBNP水平、右室Tei指数与PASP高低密切相关,有助于右心功能障碍的诊断.     

锌及双歧杆菌制剂对早产儿胃肠激素的影响

目的 探讨锌及双歧杆菌制剂对早产儿胃动素和胃泌素分泌的影响,为指导早产儿早期喂养提供理论依据.方法 对我院NICU的60例早产儿随机分为A、B、C、D 4组,A组为对照组,B组加入锌剂、C组加入双歧杆菌制剂、D组同时加入以上两种制剂,出生24 h内、生后7 d检测血浆胃动素、胃泌素水平.结果 4组早产儿生后第1天时,两种激素水平差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),至第7天时,D组早产儿胃动素(365.89±32.60)ng/L胃泌素(138.20±22.11)ng/L与A组胃动素(316.12±38.47)ng/L胃泌素(110.75±27.68)ng/L差异均有统计学意义.治疗组B、C、D 3组早产儿血胃动素和胃泌素的变化差值均与对照组A组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);同时D组与B、C两组差异也有统计学意义(P＜0.05) 结论早期添加锌及双歧杆菌制剂可以促进早产儿胃动素、胃泌素的释放,加速早产儿胃肠道发育成熟.两种制剂同时添加对早产儿胃肠激素的释放优于单一制剂应用,有利于增进早产儿胃肠功能的发育和完善,加速早产儿的追赶性生长.     

晚期早产儿潮气呼吸肺功能研究

目的 探讨晚期早产儿潮气呼吸肺功能的特点,并比较晚期早产儿与足月儿肺功能之间的差异.方法2009年8月至2010年8月本院新生儿病房收治的81例晚期早产儿(晚期早产儿组)和同期本院产科出生的足月适于胎龄儿75例(足月对照组),于生后1、2、3d行潮气呼吸肺功能测定,观察2组新生儿肺功能的动态变化.结果生后第1天,晚期早产儿组潮气量、分钟通气量均低于足月对照组(P＜0.05);反映气道阻塞的指标达峰时间比、达峰容积比,晚期早产儿组均高于足月对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).第2天,晚期早产儿组的潮气量低于足月对照组(P＜0.05),达峰时间比、达峰容积比仍比足月对照组高(P＜0.05).至生后第3天,2组新生儿各指标比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).晚期早产儿组间,分钟通气量第1天较第2天低,呼吸频率比第2天快(P均＜0.05);达峰时间比、达峰容积比均比第2天高(P＜0.05);其他指标比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论胎 龄＞ 34周的早产儿存活率与足月儿几乎一样,但晚期早产儿潮气呼吸肺功能,早期存在一定程度的限制性通气功能障碍,气道阻塞也较明显.加强晚期早产儿呼吸道管理,潮气呼吸肺功能检测是晚期早产儿呼吸监护的重要手段.     

延迟钳夹脐带对早产儿早期血容量影响的临床研究

目的 探讨延迟钳夹脐带对早产儿早期血容量的影响.方法 将2007年10月至2010年6月在东莞市石龙博爱医院产科经阴道分娩的194例早产儿随机分为两组,即常规钳夹脐带组100例和延迟钳夹脐带组94例.比较分析两组经阴道分娩早产儿的钳夹脐带时间,生后24h、48h、72 h的Hb、RBC、红细胞压积、血压、血氧饱和度和贫血的发生率,以及生后第1天、第2天、第3天和第7天的静脉血胆红素值.结果 延迟钳夹脐带组脐带钳夹时间为(100.14±10.57)s,常规钳夹脐带组脐带钳夹时间为(22.40±5.02)s,两组脐带钳夹时间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.005).延迟钳夹脐带组早产儿生后前3 d的Hb及血压均比常规钳夹脐带组高,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).延迟钳夹脐带组94例早产儿中,3 d内发生贫血3例,发生率为3.19%,常规钳夹脐带组100例早产儿中,3 d内发生贫血11例,发生率为11.00%,延迟钳夹脐带组贫血发生率低于常规钳夹脐带组(P＜0.05).两组早产儿出生后7 d内的静脉血胆红素值比较无明显差异(P＞0.05).结论 延迟钳夹脐带对早产儿Hb及血压有明显影响,可提高阴道分娩早产儿早期血容量,减少早产儿早期贫血的发生.     

新生儿窒息后血褪黑素和应激因子变化的临床研究

目的研究新生儿窒息后血浆褪黑素(MT)、糖皮质激素(GC)水平及褪黑素受体1(MR1)、糖皮质激素受体α(GRα)表达的变化。方法选择2014年5月至2015年12月住院的足月窒息新生儿,其中轻度窒息组22例、重度窒息组28例;另选同时期因感染、黄疸等单一病种住院的非窒息足月新生儿50例为对照组。入组新生儿均在出生后24 h内及生后第7天采集外周血,留取血浆及单个核细胞,采用ELISA方法检测血浆MT及GC水平,Real-time PCR检测MR1、GRαmRNA表达量。结果生后24 h内,轻度和重度窒息组血浆GC浓度均明显高于对照组;重度窒息组高于轻度组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。生后第7天,轻度和重度窒息组的血浆GC浓度下降,与生后24 h内的差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),但重度窒息组仍高于轻度组,轻度和重度窒息组均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。生后24 h内,重度窒息组的血浆MT浓度低于轻度窒息组和对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。第7天时,重度和轻度窒息组的血浆MT浓度均高于对照组,与生后24 h内的的差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。生后24 h内重度窒息组GRαm RNA表达水平降低,而轻度窒息组升高,三组间两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。第7天,轻度和重度窒息组GRα表达水平均恢复,与对照组的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。与生后24 h相比较,重度窒息组第7天MR1 mRNA表达水平高于对照组和轻度窒息组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论重度窒息产生的应激反应超过了新生儿的适应范围,MR1及内源性MT呈高表达状态。     

氨基末端脑钠肽前体预测早产儿症状性动脉导管未闭的价值

目的 探讨氨基末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)预测早产儿症状性动脉导管未闭(sPDA)的价值。方法 选择2014年6月至2015年4月出生、胎龄≤32周、48 h内超声心动图确定存在动脉导管的早产儿为研究对象,监测其临床表现,于生后3 d及5 d检测血清NT-proBNP水平并行超声心动图检查,根据患儿临床表现、超声心动图结果分为sPDA组及非症状性动脉导管未闭(asPDA)组,分析血清NT-proBNP水平与超声指标的关系,比较两组间相同日龄血清NT-proBNP水平,ROC曲线确定血清NT-proBNP水平预测sPDA的敏感性、特异性。结果 共69例早产儿纳入研究,其中sPDA组13例,asPDA组56例。血清NT-proBNP水平与动脉导管管径、左房内径与主动脉根部内径比值(LA/AO)呈正相关关系(分别r=0.856、0.713,均 PPCI:0.892~1.000,PCI:0.848~1.000,P结论 NT-proBNP可能是动脉导管分流量的量化指标;生后3 d 及5 d血清NT-proBNP水平的检测均有助于早期预测sPDA。     

Aortic flow velocity curves in the diagnosis and the followup of symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants during therapeutic interventions

In preterm infants, persistent ductus arteriosus (PDA) fails to close soon after birth and becomes symptomatic (sPDA) in about 40% of the infants, causing cardio-respiratory deterioration by a left-to-right shunt across the PDA. Aortic run-off of blood, predominantly occurring during ventricular diastole, causes an abnormal diastolic retrograde aortic blood flow. This aortic reverse flow can be assessed semi-quantitatively in a noninvasive way, using continuous-wave Doppler-ultrasonography. An increased ratio (R/F ratio) of the abnormal retrograde aortic blood flow (R) related to the normal forward flow (F) in the aorta indicates presence of sPDA in preterm infants. The R/F ratio was assessed in 30 premature infants, including 13 cases without sPDA, and 17 infants with sPDA--in 12 of them before and after surgical ligation of PDA, in five concomitantly to pharmacological closure of PDA by the application of indomethacin. The R/F ratio was low in all infants without sPDA and in infants following surgical ligation of PDA. On the other hand, a high R/F ratio was found in all patients with sPDA before specific treatment. During indomethacin-induced closure of PDA the R/F ratio decreased continuously, whereas it remained high in infants with sPDA not responding to indomethacin treatment.     

The relationship between the continuous opening of arterial catheters and platelet parameters in preterm infants北大核心CSCD

Objective To analyze the correlation between the continuous opening of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants and platelet parameters in the first 24 hours of life. Methods The preterm infants (gestational age <34 weeks) admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit(NICU)of the Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Southeast University from November 2012 to July 2018 were enrolled. The following data were collected retrospectively: the platelet parameters in the first 24 hours of life, clinical factors possibly related to continuous opening of PDA, and echocardiography examination fin-dings on the 4 -7 day after birth. According to the diagnostic criteria of PDA, all preterm infants were divided into symptomatic PDA (sPDA) group, non - sPDA (nsPDA) group, and non - PDA (nPDA) group. SPSS 20.0 software was used for data analysis. Data were analyzed by Chi -square test,LSD or Tambane's T2 of One - Way analysis of variance, and binary Logistic regression analysis of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results Totally 760 preterm infants were chosen, and among them there were 67 cases (8. 8%) in sPDA group, 106 cases (14. 0%) in nsPDA group,and 587 cases (77. 2%) in nPDA group. There were significant differences in the terms of gestation age,birth weight,platelet counts (PLT),and plateletcrit (PCT) in the first 24 hours of life among 3 groups (all P < 0. 05). The smaller gestation age, the lower birth weight, the lower PLT and PCT in the first 24 hours of life,and the higher incidence of PDA in preterm infants. There were no significant differences in the platelet distribution width,mean platelet volume,and platelet large cell ratio in the first 24 hours of life among 3 groups (all P >0. 05). The low lower birth weight and PCT in the first 24 hours of life were independent risk factors for the occurrence of sPDA in preterm infants (P =0. 013,0. 000). The risk of occurrence of sPDA in preterm infants will be increased by 3.279 -fold (95% CI;2. 369 -4.479) if PCT in the first 24 hours of life is decreased by 0. 10%. The area under the ROC curves of PCT and PLT in the first 24 hours of life for prediction of sPDA in preterm infants was 0. 757 (95%C/:0.712 -0.814) and 0.718 (95%C/:0.671 -0.768),respectively. The best cutoff values of PCT and PLT were 0. 178% (sensitivity was 75. 7%, specificity was 71. 9%) and 207. 5 x 10 /L (sensitivity was 71. 4% specificity was 63. 2%). Conclusions The continuous opening of PDA in preterm infants may have correlation with the platelet. The low PCT, rather than PLT, in the first 24 hours of life was an independent risk factor and has medium predictive value for the occurrence of sPDA in preterm infants on the 4 - 7 day after birth. © 2019 Authors. All rights reserved.     

Serial N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide measurement as a predictor of significant patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants beyond the first week of life

The aim of the study was to assess the role of plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentration as a predictor of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in very low birth weight infants beyond the first week of life. This was a prospective observational study; newborns with a birth weight?Echocardiography and NT-proBNP levels were repeated at weekly intervals. The primary outcome was correlation between PDA and NT-proBNP level and between measurements of PDA significance and NT-proBNP. Sixty-nine neonates were enrolled following parental consent. The mean birth weight was 1119?±?257 g and mean gestational age was 28.6?±?2.6 weeks. Median NT-proBNP level on day seven was 11469 ng/l in infants with a PDA vs. 898 ng/l in infants without a PDA (p?Conclusion: NT-proBNP concentration is significantly increased in infants with a PDA and correlates well with PDA diameter in the first three weeks of life.     

围产因素对早期早产儿淋巴细胞亚群演变趋势的影响

目的 了解早期早产儿淋巴细胞亚群变化趋势及围产因素的影响。方法 流式细胞术检测61例早期早产儿生后第1、7、14、28 天以及其中17 例早期早产儿出生后6 个月的淋巴细胞亚群水平。分析围产期因素的影响。结果 早期早产儿出生时除自然杀伤（NK）细胞外各亚群淋巴细胞绝对计数均处于最低水平,1 周时迅速升高,6 个月升至正常;NK 细胞至6 个月方增高。与胎龄P P 0.05）;第7、14 天的B 细胞绝对计数以宫内感染组较高（P P 结论 早期早产儿出生时免疫细胞数量不足,以后逐渐增高,6 个月左右达正常。母亲产前使用激素以及出生胎龄、宫内感染、UU 定植等多种围产因素对早期早儿淋巴细胞亚群水平有较长时间的影响。     

Introduction of plasma indomethacin level monitoring and evaluation of an effective threshold level in very low birth weight infants with symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus

First results are described of individually tailored indomethacin dose rates employing on-line drug level monitoring for pharmacologically induced ductal constriction in very low birth weight infants with symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus (sPDA). In addition prolonged indomethacin therapy was introduced. From our data it appears that the effective threshold indomethacin level for the induction of ductus constriction has to be about 1000 ng/ml 10 h postdosing, while ductus closure can be maintained with a dose rate that exceeds a plasma level of 500 ng/ml for at least 1 week. These maintenance levels were also effective in completely suppressing the urinary metabolite excretion rates of PGI₂ and PGE₂, which are potential mediators of ductal relaxation. On-line indomethacin level monitoring appears to be practically essential for prolonged indomethacin therapy to overcome the marked variation of indomethacin disposition in preterm infants with sPDA.Abbreviations sPDA symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus - PDA-MUR patent ductus arteriosus murmur - PGE-M 7-hydroxy-5,11-diketotetranorprostane-1,16-dioic acid - IMV intermittent mandatory ventilation - R/F retrograde and forward flow ratio - HPLC high pressure liquid chromatography - GC-MS gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Dedicated to Prof. Dr. H. Bickel on the occasion of his 65th birthday     

早期早产儿动脉导管未闭发生的危险因素的病例对照研究

目的 探讨早期早产儿动脉导管未闭(PDA)发生的危险因素,为进一步减少早产儿PDA 的发生提供临床依据。方法 将2013 年1 月至2014 年12 月住院治疗的136 例诊断为有血流动力学意义的PDA(hs-PDA)的早期早产儿(胎龄≤ 32 周)设为病例组,按1:1 的比例从同期住院的早期早产儿中按匹配病例对照原则抽取136 例无hs-PDA 的早产儿作为对照组,两组匹配因素包括性别及胎龄。收集可能与PDA 发生有关的新生儿基本情况、母亲孕期及围产期情况等资料,应用多因素条件logistic 回归分析筛选PDA 发生的危险因素。结果 单因素分析结果显示:新生儿感染性疾病、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)、生后24 h 内血小板计数减低及低出生体重与hs-PDA 的发生相关(P<0.05)。多因素条件logistic 回归分析显示新生儿感染性疾病(OR=2.368)及生后24 h 内血小板计数减低(OR=0.996)是hs-PDA 发生的独立危险因素。结论 新生儿感染性疾病及生后24 h 内血小板计数减低会增加早期早产儿hs-PDA 的发生风险。     

极低出生体重儿动脉导管未闭转归的影响因素分析

目的分析极低出生体重儿动脉导管未闭(PDA)转归的影响因素。方法以2012年1月至2014年12月收治的194例极低出生体重儿为研究对象,根据心脏超声检查及治疗转归情况分为无PDA组,PDA自然关闭组、药物关闭组、手术关闭组,分析其临床及超声心动图特征。结果 PDA自然关闭率58.7%。自然关闭组的出生胎龄、出生体重、小于胎龄儿比例均大于药物和手术关闭组,药物及手术关闭组的新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征发生率及肺表面活性物质(PS)应用比例高于自然关闭组(P0.05)。不同时间段自然关闭组的动脉导管直径均明显小于药物和手术关闭组(P0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析示出生胎龄、PS应用及48 h动脉导管直径与PDA转归显著相关。自然关闭组PDA分流类型均以关闭型为主,而药物及手术关闭组在48 h以肺高压型及进展型为主,在4 d、7 d时均以进展型为主。结论极低出生体重儿PDA自然关闭率较高,出生胎龄越小以及应用PS的患儿自然关闭率越低;动脉导管直径越大且分流类型为进展型或脉冲型的PDA不易自然关闭。     

生后早期床旁心脏超声预测极低出生体重儿动脉导管持续开放的研究(英文翻译)

目的 探讨出生早期床旁心脏超声预测极低出生体重儿（very low birth weight infant,VLBWI）动脉导管持续开放的价值。 方法 回顾性选取2020年3月至2021年6月收治的51例VLBWI为研究对象,入院时日龄≤3 d并且住院时间≥14 d。根据出生14 d及28 d动脉导管未闭（patent ductus arteriosus,PDA）直径大小分为3组：大PDA组（PDA直径≥2 mm）、小PDA组（PDA直径<2 mm）和PDA关闭组（PDA直径=0 mm）,比较3组间生后72 h的心脏超声参数。采用受试者工作特征（receiver operating characteristic,ROC）曲线评估生后72 h心脏超声参数预测生后14 d和28 d动脉导管持续开放（PDA直径≥2 mm）的价值。 结果 生后14 d时,大PDA组有17例,小PDA组11例,PDA关闭组23例;生后28 d时,大PDA组有14例,小PDA组9例,PDA关闭组26例。3组患儿间胎龄、出生体重、肺泡表面活性物质应用及低血压发生率的比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。生后72 h的PDA直径、左肺动脉舒张末期流速、左心室输出量、左心室输出量/上腔静脉血流与生后14 d及28 d时动脉导管持续开放有关（P<0.05）;左心房/主动脉根部直径与生后28 d时动脉导管持续开放有关（P<0.05）。ROC曲线结果显示,生后72 h PDA直径预测生后14 d及28 d动脉导管持续开放的曲线下面积最大,分别为0.841和0.927;其次是左肺动脉舒张末期流速,其曲线下面积分别为0.793和0.833。 结论 生后72 h的床旁心脏超声指标,尤其是PDA直径及左肺动脉舒张末期流速,可预测VLBWI生后14 d和28 d动脉导管持续开放,为后续PDA早期目标性治疗策略的实施提供依据。     

Intestinal perforation associated with indomethacin treatment in premature infants

Within 9 months we observed intestinal perforations in three very low birth weight (VLBW) infants undergoing indomethacin treatment for symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus (sPDA). The three patients exhibited striking similarities in their clinical courses and predisposing factors. Although clinical and histological criteria did not differentiate the perforations from necrotising enterocolitis (NEC), a well-known entity in premature infants, these events were remarkable to us since we had observed no other cases of NEC in recent years. From animal experiments and pathophysiological data, a role for indomethacin in gastrointestinal ischaemic damage must be considered. This communication is not meant to discredit indomethacin treatment. However, awareness of potential complications and careful monitoring during treatment is warranted.Abbreviations NEC necrotising enterocolitis - VLBW very low birth weight - sPDA symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus - RDS respiratory distress syndrome