超声引导下热消融治疗甲状腺乳头状癌术后颈部转移性淋巴结的疗效分析

【摘要】 目的 研究超声引导下热消融治疗甲状腺乳头状癌术后复发性颈部转移性淋巴结的安全性及疗效。 方法 纳入曾行全甲状腺切除术的甲状腺乳头癌患者31例,共计62枚颈部转移性淋巴结（经细针穿刺细胞学证实）。热消融治疗包括射频消融28例（共计57枚淋巴结）及微波消融3例（共计5枚淋巴结）。31例患者于术前、术后行常规超声检查及超声造影检查。随访包括常规超声、超声造影、甲状腺功能及必要的细针穿刺细胞学检查。结果 31例患者均成功治愈,无明显并发症,热消融后超声造影显示消融淋巴结无增强。平均随访27（12,70）个月,无证据显示消融部位淋巴结复发。有3例患者出现消融部位以外的颈部淋巴结转移（经术后病理证实）。随访显示消融后淋巴结均出现体积收缩,其中9枚淋巴结完全消失,32枚淋巴结体积收缩50%及以上,21枚淋巴结收缩50%以下。在末次随访评估中,31例患者中19例的甲状腺球蛋白水平降低。结论 超声引导下热消融治疗甲状腺乳头状癌术后复发性颈部转移性淋巴结是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

甲状腺微小乳头状癌射频消融术与外科手术的比较

【摘要】 目的 比较射频消融（RFA）治疗和外科手术治疗在甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者手术情况、患者满意度与经济负担方面的差异。方法 选择2015年6月至2019年8月甲状腺超声检查发现小于1 cm单发可疑恶性结节的患者217例,以病理结果为金标准确诊为甲状腺乳头状癌。根据治疗方式不同分为RFA组（n=102）和外科手术组（n=115）。记录两组术中耗时、住院天数、住院费用、手术前后焦虑状态、术后甲状腺激素水平、并发症、患者满意度评分及随访复发转移情况。结果 RFA组术中耗时、住院天数、住院费用及术后并发症更少,对甲状腺激素水平影响小,术后患者满意度高,两组差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两组患者手术前后焦虑状态及术后疗效均无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。结论 RFA较传统外科手术在治疗甲状腺乳头状癌中具备明显优势,可在患者知情自愿且严格把握手术适应证时作为一种新型的微创治疗方法。     

开放手术与经全乳晕腔镜手术治疗甲状腺良性肿瘤的临床对比分析

目的 对开放甲状腺手术和经全乳晕腔镜手术治疗甲状腺良性肿瘤的临床效果进行比较研究。方法 回顾性分析2017年2月—2019年2月中国人民解放军总医院第六医学中心收治的108例经全乳晕路径的腔镜下甲状腺切除术（腔镜组）和105例开放甲状腺切除术（开放组）患者的临床资料,比较2组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、住院时间及术后并发症。结果 与开放组比较,腔镜组手术时间长（P<0.05）,术中出血量、术后引流量多（P<0.05）,住院时间短（P<0.05）;2组并发症比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 全乳晕腔镜手术治疗适用于良性甲状腺结节及甲状腺微小乳头状癌,手术安全可靠、疼痛不明显。患者恢复快、住院时间短、美容效果明显。     

怀孕对甲状腺微小乳头状癌进展影响的相关研究

目的探讨怀孕对甲状腺微小乳头状癌进展的影响。方法选择2000年1月～2013年12月12例孕期诊断为甲状腺微小乳头状癌的患者,同时选取20例非孕期的甲状腺微小乳头状癌的患者作为对照。随访期间监测肿瘤大小、Tg以及TSH的水平变化。结果孕期甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者的肿瘤大小由诊断时（6.2±2.1）mm增长至产后6个月的（9.2±4.4）mm,此时显著大于对照组肿瘤大小[（6.9±4.5）mm,P〈0.05]。甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者Tg水平在孕中期为（33.59±10.23）ng/ml,显著高于诊断时水平[（12.34±4.23）ng/ml,P〈0.05];TSH水平在孕中期为（0.3±0.1）μIU/ml,也显著高于诊断时水平[（3.5±1.2）μIU/ml,P〈0.05]。结论怀孕期间,甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者的肿瘤显著增大,Tg及TSH水平显著增高。因此,对甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者应该密切随访,尤其是在孕早期。     

超声引导下微小乳头状癌射频消融临床应用

目的探讨甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者采用超声引导下射频消融治疗的临床效果。方法收集本院甲状腺微小乳头状癌27例患者,所有患者均于超声引导下进行射频消融治疗。术后对患者进行为期1年的随访观察,经超声检查观察患者治疗后不同时间的消融灶变化、甲状腺实质与颈部淋巴结状况,以评估患者的临床疗效。结果本组27例患者术后均行为期1年的随访观察,超声检查显示患者的结节不断变小,治疗后首月、3月、半年及1年时患者的结节体积缩小率分别为22.22%、51.85%、85.19%、92.59%。治疗3月时消融灶消失者1例,治疗后半年时消融灶消失者2例,治疗后1年时消融灶消失者6例;其中有26例(96.3%)患者首次治疗后就达到了无瘤生存。治疗后1例患者出现局部复发,1例患者出现淋巴结转移,术后均未出现皮肤气道烫伤与喉返神经损伤等严重的并发症。结论甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者采用超声引导下射频消融治疗疗效显著,安全性较好,值得进一步推广。     

超声引导下射频消融与无水乙醇消融治疗甲状腺囊实性结节的Meta分析

【摘要】 目的 对比超声引导下射频消融（RFA）与无水乙醇消融（PEI）治疗甲状腺囊实性结节的临床疗效及安全性。方法 计算机和人工检索PubMed、Cochrane、万方数据及CNKI等数据库收录的RFA与PEI治疗甲状腺囊实性结节临床疗效及安全性的临床对照研究。研究者从中提取相关资料,根据Cochrane手册标准对纳入文献的质量予以评价。结果 最终10篇文献纳入研究,患者为900例。结果显示,RFA治疗甲状腺囊实性结节的体积缩小率高于PEI,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05);两组在并发症发生率方面差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 RFA治疗甲状腺囊实性结节临床疗效优于PEI,两组的并发症发生率无明显差异。     

甲状腺微小乳头状癌9例临床病理分析

目的探讨甲状腺微小乳头状癌的临床病理特点。方法常规病理检查手术切除88例甲状腺癌中共检出9例微小癌,应用光镜观察其形态改变。结果9例均为甲状腺微小乳头状癌,具有诊断意义的主要组织学特征为毛玻璃样核,核内包涵体、核沟及纤维性间质反应。结论甲状腺微小乳头状癌是乳头状癌变形的特殊表现,主要依据组织病理学诊断。     

超声引导下微波消融治疗低危甲状腺微小乳头状癌的疗效观察

目的 研究分析超声引导下微波消融(MWA)治疗43例低危甲状腺微小乳头状癌(PTMC)的有效性和安全性。方法 选取43例病理证实为甲状腺微小乳头状癌(43枚结节)的患者行超声引导下MWA,并于术后定期行常规超声检查、甲状腺功能等检查,分析MWA术后消融区域最大直径缩减率(MDRR)、结节体积缩减率(VRR)、消融病灶吸收消散率、并发症发生情况及复发转移情况,从而评估MWA的有效性和安全性。结果 43例患者术后第24个月消融区域MDRR为98. 03%,VRR为99. 88%,消融病灶吸收消散率达90. 70%,差异具有统计学意义。无严重并发症发生,仅出现暂时性的声音改变1例、疼痛1例、轻微出血1例,并发症发生率为6. 9%。未出现甲状腺复发或淋巴结转移,复发转移率为0%。结论 超声引导下MWA治疗低危PTMC是安全的、有效的,而且具有超微创、美容效果好的优势,为不能耐受外科手术治疗或拒绝外科手术治疗或拒绝定期随访观察的PTMC患者提供了一种新的可以替代的治疗方法。     

超声引导下热消融治疗甲状腺良性大结节的临床应用价值

【摘要】 目的 探讨超声引导下经皮热消融治疗甲状腺良性大结节（结节最大径≥4 cm）的临床应用价值。方法 选取2017年11月至2019年1月收治的诊断为良性甲状腺结节并经过治疗的患者作为研究对象。根据手术方式分为热消融组和腔镜手术组。对比两组患者手术并发症、治疗相关指标、术后生活质量评分等。 结果 热消融组手术时间和术中出血量较腔镜手术组少,腔镜手术组住院费用高、住院时间长,消融组手术瘢痕更小,手术并发症发生率更低,患者术后生活质量评分更高,差异均具有统计学意义。结论 超声引导下热消融可作为治疗甲状腺良性大结节（结节最大径≥4 cm）首选方式。     

内镜下甲状腺手术与开放性甲状腺手术 对机体免疫反应的影响：Meta分析

目的从机体免疫反应方面,系统评价内镜下甲状腺手术与开放性甲状腺手术的有效性及安全性。方法计算机检索考克兰图书馆(Cochrane Library)、美国国立医学图书馆生物医学信息检索系统(PubMed)、荷兰医学文摘(EMbase)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国学术期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、中文科技期刊数据库(VIP)及西文生物医学期刊文献数据库(EMCC),检索时间均为1995年1月-2012年4月,手工检索相关杂志并追检纳入文献的参考文献。纳入内镜下甲状腺手术与开放性甲状腺手术治疗甲状腺疾病对免疫反应影响的随机对照试验,由2位评价员按照纳入排除标准独立进行资料提取、质量评价并交叉核对后,采用RevMan 5.1.4软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入8个随机对照研究,313例。内镜下甲状腺手术与开放性甲状腺手术相比,围手术期不同时间外周血白介素-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α、CD3+T细胞、CD4+T细胞,CD4+/CD8+的变化,两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论现有证据表明内镜下甲状腺手术与开放性甲状腺手术相比,虽尚未达到微创的标准,但这种内镜手术并未增加对机体的创伤。鉴于目前的证据是基于无胸骨后甲状腺肿手术和没有颈部淋巴结清扫术基础上而得出的,故本系统评价结果并不适用于胸骨后和颈部淋巴结清扫甲状腺手术情况。本研究纳入的所有随机对照试验质量均较低,且缺乏多中心、大样本的随机对照试验,因此应开展更多高质量、大样本的随机对照试验研究对此问题进行深入研究。     

Overtherapy or undertherapy for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma? Therapeutic considerations for radioiodine ablation

Papillary thyroid microcarcinomas 相似文献   

Comparison of Thermal Ablation and Surgery for Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

ObjectiveAlthough thermal ablation is effective in treating low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinomas (PTMCs), comparison of treatment outcomes between thermal ablation and surgery has not yet been systematically evaluated. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of thermal ablation and surgery for the treatment of low-risk PTMCs.Materials and MethodsOvid-MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for studies reporting comparisons of treatment results between thermal ablation and surgery for patients with low-risk PTMC published up to April 6, 2020. The analysis evaluated the efficacy (local tumor recurrence, occurrence of new tumor, metastasis, and rescue surgery) and safety (complication rate) of thermal ablation and surgery.ResultsThis systematic review included four studies with a total of 339 PTMCs in 339 patients who underwent thermal ablation and 320 PTMCs in 314 patients who underwent surgery. There was no local tumor recurrence or distant metastasis in either group. There was no significant difference in the pooled proportion of lymph node metastasis (2.6% with thermal ablation vs. 3.3% with surgery, p = 0.65), occurrence of new tumors (1.4% with thermal ablation vs. 1.3% with surgery, p = 0.85), or rescue surgery (2.6% with thermal ablation vs. 1.6% with surgery, p = 0.62). However, the pooled complication rate was significantly higher in the surgery group than in the ablation group (3.3% with thermal ablation vs. 7.8% with surgery, p = 0.03).ConclusionBoth thermal ablation and surgery are effective and safe options for the management of low-risk PTMCs, with thermal ablation achieving a lower complication rate. Therefore, thermal ablation may be considered as an alternative treatment option for low-risk PTMC in patients who refuse surgery and active surveillance or are ineligible for surgery.     

Incidental multifocal papillary microcarcinomas of the thyroid: is subtotal thyroidectomy combined with radioiodine ablation enough?

BACKGROUND: The extent of thyroid resection and the necessity of lymph node dissection has become an issue of controversy in patients with incidental multifocal papillary microcarcinoma. METHOD: Between 1993 and 2001 a total of 4120 patients underwent surgery for thyroid diseases: 142 patients showed papillary thyroid cancer of < or = 1 cm, multifocal microcarcinomas were found in 22 patients (15.5%). Twenty patients (17 women, three men, aged 26-71 years) met the inclusion criterion of having pre- and intraoperatively no indication of malignancy (incidentaloma). A limited surgical procedure ranging from bilateral subtotal (n=15), ipsilateral total, contralateral subtotal (n=4) to bilateral total (n=1) thyroidectomy without lymph node dissection was performed. The mean volume of thyroid remnants was 4.3 ml. RESULTS: In 16/20 (80%) patients, the thyroid remnant was ablated by the first dose of 131I, using 3.7 GBq 131I in 15 patients and 1.85 GBq 131I in one patient. Three patients received a second, and one patient a third radioiodine ablation. All 20 patients remained free from relapse or metastasis, documented by negative 131I whole-body scintigraphy and unmeasurable thyroglobulin levels after thyroid hormone withdrawal in hypothyroidism. One patient died 7 years after the diagnosis of thyroid cancer from primary lung cancer. Median follow-up was 65 months (range, 24-120 months). CONCLUSION: Subtotal thyroidectomy followed by radioiodine therapy without completion thyroidectomy and lymphadenectomy is a possible option in incidental multifocal microcarcinomas.     

Long-term follow-up of 92 patients with locally advanced follicular or papillary thyroid cancer after combined treatment.

Between 1960 and 1988, 92 patients with a locally advanced follicular or papillary thyroid cancer have been treated with surgery and radiotherapy consisting of iodine-131 or external (ext RT) radiotherapy or both. Locoregional control in patients less than 38 years of age at diagnosis and in older patients with a papillary cancer and a macroscopically complete resection was 100% with or without ext RT. Locoregional control in patients 38 years of age or older and without palpable postsurgical residual mass was 89% with ext RT and 60% without. In patients with a palpable residual mass, one of ten treated with iodine-131 alone had a permanent local control compared to six of 14 treated with addition of ext RT. Published data concerning iodine-131 and ext RT in the treatment of locally advanced follicular or papillary thyroid cancer are discussed. Routine surgery in our region consists of a near total thyroid resection, followed by iodine-131 ablation of the remnant thyroid. In younger patients with a limited T4 tumour and complete resection, we do not use ext RT. In all older patients with a T4 tumour as well as in younger patients with an extensive T4 tumour, ext RT is added.     

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Treated with Radiofrequency Ablation in a Patient with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Case Report

Standard therapy has not been established for thyroid cancer when a thyroidectomy is contraindicated due to systemic disease. Herein, we reported a patient who had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and papillary thyroid carcinoma treated by radiofrequency ablation because of inability to tolerate a thyroidectomy. Radiofrequency ablation can be used to treat thyroid cancer when surgery is not feasible, although the long-term outcome needs further observation.     

Differentiated thyroid carcinoma in a juvenile patient

Juvenile differentiated carcinoma thyroid is a rare entity. It differs from adult differentiated thyroid carcinoma in a variety of ways, including large tumor volume at presentation with early involvement of the capsule, more frequent nodal and distant metastases, greater expression of sodium-iodide symporter and early recurrence. The overall survival seems to be better than for adult patients; however, due to high and early recurrence rates, prompt and adequate treatment is advocated. The mainstay of treatment includes total thyroidectomy, central lymphadenectomy with modified radical lateral lymphadenectomy, followed by ablation with radioactive iodine (RAI). Both modalities improve the final outcome, but RAI ablation decreases cause-specific death risk independent of the extent of surgery. We present the case of a 5-year-old girl, the youngest ever treated in our country with surgery and RAI therapy successfully after being diagnosed as papillary carcinoma of the thyroid, follicular variant.     

分化型甲状腺癌术后^131I清甲治疗方法的相关问题

分化型甲状腺癌（DTC）是最常见的甲状腺恶性肿瘤,其中包括乳头状甲状腺癌、滤泡状甲状腺癌和混合型甲状腺癌。治疗方法有手术治疗、^131I治疗和内分泌治疗。其中^131I治疗是甲状腺癌重要的治疗环节或步骤。随着对DTC术后^131I治疗方案的不断研究与探索,在重组人促甲状腺激素辅助,^131I清甲的应用、^131I清除大量残留的甲状腺叶组织、^131I清甲治疗碘剂量的选择等方面的认识与实践也不断更新。该文就以上几个清甲治疗方法的研究进行综述。     

Image-guided Ablation of Postsurgical Locoregional Recurrence of Biopsy-proven Well-differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma

PurposeTo evaluate the clinical outcomes of ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency (RF) ablation and percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) as salvage therapy for locoregional recurrence after resection of well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma.Materials and MethodsThere were 42 locoregional, biopsy-proven, papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma lesions (0.5–3.7 cm) treated, 21 with RF ablation and 21 with PEI. Of treated lesions, 35 were located in the lateral compartments, and 7 were located in the central compartment. Data points in the retrospective analysis, determined beforehand by the investigators, were progression at the ablation site, serum thyroglobulin levels before and after the procedure, and procedural complications.ResultsAverage follow-up after RF ablation was 61.3 months and after PEI was 38.5 months. No progression was detected in the region of ablation for any of the lesions treated with RF ablation. Local progression was detected 4–11 months after ablation in 5 of the 21 lesions treated with PEI, 3 in the lateral compartment and 2 in the central compartment; all of the lesions were successfully retreated with repeat PEI, RF ablation, or surgery. Permanent vocal cord paralysis occurred after one RF ablation procedure of a lateral compartment supraclavicular node. There were no complications after PEI.ConclusionsThis case series provides long-term follow-up evidence of the safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided RF ablation and PEI for control of locoregional recurrence of well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma after surgery.     

131I治疗分化型甲状腺癌术后患者疗效影响因素研究

目的 探讨影响分化型甲状腺癌（DTC）患者术后首次131I清除残留甲状腺组织（简称清甲）疗效和多次131I治疗转移灶（清灶）疗效的因素。方法回顾性分析首次接受大剂量清甲治疗的患者46例（分为成功组与未成功组）资料、多次清灶治疗的患者40例（分为临床缓解组和未缓解组）资料,对数据进行t检验、t’检验、X^2检验或Fisher确切概率法筛选影响因素,并做Logistic回归分析。结果用单因素分析筛选出手术方式、残余甲状腺质量、促甲状腺激素（TSH）水平、手术至清甲治疗时间和存在转移灶是影响清甲效果的因素（X2=5．804、t’=-5．258、t=7．376、X^2=8．867、X2=8．615,P均〈0．05）。Logistic回归分析得到的清甲成功的拟合方程为Y=3．766—0．947x,（残余甲状腺质量）-3．149x：（淋巴结转移）-3．373x,（远处转移）。对临床缓解率行单因素分析显示：甲状腺乳头状癌显著高于甲状腺滤泡状癌,仅有淋巴转移灶显著高于有远处转移灶,甲状腺全切显著高于其他手术方式（Fisher确切概率法,X。=7．278,P〈0．05）;首次131I治疗前,临床缓解组的TSH水平明显高于未缓解组,甲状腺球蛋白（Tg）水平明显低于未缓解组（t=4．489、t=-4．906,P均〈0．01）。Logistic回归分析得到清灶成功拟合方程为：Y=-0．363＋0．065x4（TSH水平）-0．250x5（Tg水平）。结论DTC患者首次清甲疗效的影响因素有手术方式、残余甲状腺质量、TSH、手术至清甲治疗时间和有无转移灶;其中残留甲状腺组织少、无淋巴结转移和无远处转移是提高成功率的关键因素。DTC患者清灶疗效的影响因素包括病理类型、手术方式、转移灶的部位、TSH和Tg;其中首次131I治疗前有较高水平的TSH和较低水平的强是提搞缓解率的关键因素。