Synergistic Antimicrobial Activity of Combination of Berberine Hydrochloride,Baicalein and Borneol against Candida albicans

Objective To determine the effects of combination of berberine hydrochloride, baicalein and borneol on Candida albicans. Methods The broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the three agents, and the checkerboard method was simultaneously used to determine the MIC and fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of the combination of three antimicrobial agents to study their extracorporeal effects. Results Berberine hydrochloride was the most potent inhibitor of C. albicans (MIC and MBC of 0.160 and 0.640 mg/mL), followed by borneol (MIC and MBC of 0.320 and 0.640 mg/mL) and baicalein (MIC and MBC of 1.28 and 20.48 mg/mL). Moreover, the antifungal effect of the combination was significantly stronger than that tested alone. Further in vivo study showed that the mortality rate of tainted mice reduced over 50% compared with the control group. Conclusion The results of experiments in vitro and in vivo indicate the synergistic effect of the combination of three antimicrobial agents on C. albicans, which can make reference for the future clinical treatment.     

京万红组方成分体外抗白色念珠菌抑菌效应探讨

目的:研究京万红组方成分中盐酸小檗碱、黄芩苷及冰片的体外抗白色念珠菌作用。方法:以白色念珠菌为研究对象,K-B纸片扩散法分别测定50,100,150 g·L^-1的盐酸小檗碱、黄芩苷、冰片及制霉菌素药液抑菌圈直径;采用试管双倍稀释法和棋盘法,测定盐酸小檗碱、黄芩苷、冰片、制霉菌素分别最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC),测定盐酸小檗碱、黄芩苷、冰片两两联用及3种组分联用的MIC,计算出联合抑菌分数(FIC)。结果:盐酸小檗碱、黄芩苷、冰片MIC分别为160,1 280,320 mg·L^-1;MBC分别为640,20 480,640 mg·L^-1。盐酸小檗碱与黄芩苷联用FIC指数0.5,为协同作用;黄芩苷与冰片联用FIC指数为0.625,为相加作用;盐酸小檗碱与冰片联用FIC指数为0.5,为协同作用。3种组分药物联合使用FIC指数为0.375,有一定的协同作用。结论:盐酸小檗碱、黄芩苷、冰片对白色念珠菌均有抑制作用,且3种组分药物联合使用具有一定的协同作用。     

金莲花药渣发酵提取物拮抗白色念珠菌的体内外实验研究

目的：观察金莲花药渣发酵提取物（Extraction of Globeflower Residue Fermentation,EGRF）体外对白色念珠菌抑杀效果及体内对小鼠念珠菌性阴道炎的治疗效果。方法：通过试管法配合平皿法检测EGRF对白色念珠菌的最小抑菌浓度（Minimum Inhibitory Concentration,MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（Minimum Bactericidal Concentration,MBC）;构建小鼠白念珠菌性阴道炎模型,将造模成功小鼠随机分为正常对照组,模型组,EGRF低、中、高剂量组（EGRF给药浓度分别为：40、80、160 mg?kg^-1）,氟康唑组（20 mg?kg^-1）,共6组。各药均阴道内给药,每天1次,连续给药7天,观察小鼠外阴炎症反应程度、阴道念珠菌转阴率、阴道灌洗液载菌量和阴道粘膜的病理改变。结果：EGRF对白色念珠菌的MIC为0.31 mg?mL^-1,对白色念珠菌的MBC为1.25 mg?mL^-1,EGRF和氟康唑的效价单位比MIC为2?1,MBC为1?1。与模型组相比,EGRF及氟康唑治疗组的小鼠外阴炎症反应程度减轻及分泌物中念珠菌数量随着给药时间增加而显著减少;小鼠阴道灌洗液白色念珠菌转阴率增加,载菌量明显减少;小鼠阴道组织病理改变有不同程度的减轻,有明显剂量依赖性,高剂量组与氟康唑组相近。结论：EGRF于体外对白色念珠菌抑杀作用显著,对小鼠白色念珠菌性阴道炎疗效较好。     

The essential oil of Senecio graveolens (Compositae): chemical composition and antimicrobial activity tests.

The chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from Senecio graveolens (Compositae) was analyzed by GLC-MS and the components identified were: isovaleraldehyde, alpha-pinene, alpha-phellandrene, alpha-terpinene, p-cymene, sabinene, gamma-terpinene, 1-methyl-4-isopropenylbenzene, terpinolene, terpinen-4-ol, piperitenone, alpha- and beta-eudesmol. The investigation by the agar-well diffusion method of the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil proved that it has antibacterial effects on Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341, oxacillin-sensitive and oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, as well as antifungal effects on clinically isolated Candida albicans. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for M. luteus, oxacillin-sensitive S. aureus and C. albicans were 8.73, 10.91 and 2.13 x 10(-2) mg/ml, respectively. The antimicrobial activity related to known antibiotics was calculated. These results would be compatible with a potential concentration-dependent selectivity of antifungal effect of S. graveolens essential oil. Minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) is above 87.3 mg/ml. Thus the MBC:MIC ratio would be clearly higher than 1 (above 8), indicating a bacteriostatic effect of the essential oil.     

斜叶檀和杠香不同提取物的体外抗菌活性初探

目的探究传统民族药斜叶檀(又称为斜叶黄檀,Dalbergia pinnata(Lour.)Prain)和杠香(又称为滇黔黄檀,Dalbergia yunnanensis Franch)不同提取物的体外抗菌活性。方法采用纸片扩散法探究斜叶檀及杠香的水蒸气蒸馏挥发油、超临界二氧化碳萃取挥发油、水提物及醇提物对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus S.aureus)、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus,MRSA)、粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)、大肠埃希菌(Escherichia coli)、铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)及白念珠菌(Candida albicans,C.albicaus)的抑菌效果,并探究提取物浓度对敏感菌株抑菌活性的影响,同时进行最低抑菌浓度(Minimum Inhibitory Concentration,MIC)及最低杀菌浓度(Minimal Bactericidal Concentration,MBC及Minimal Fungicidal Concentration,MFC)的测定。结果两种药物不同的提取物均表现出不同程度的抑菌活性,且活性强弱与提取物浓度成正相关。二者水提物对两种葡萄球菌抑制效果明显,对粪肠球菌抑制效果稍逊;斜叶檀水蒸馏挥发油对白念珠菌抑制效果极强,抑菌圈直径大于30 mm。斜叶檀水蒸馏挥发油对白念珠菌的MIC和MFC均为220μg·mL-1;水提物对两种葡萄球菌的MIC及MBC均为625μg·mL-1。杠香水提物对两种葡萄球菌的抑菌作用均优于其水蒸馏挥发油。结论斜叶檀、杠香的水蒸馏挥发油及水提物有较好的抗菌活性,拥有进一步开发的潜力。     

参宁栓抑菌作用的研究

目的:观察参宁栓对阴道炎常见病菌的抑菌作用。方法:采用家兔白色念珠菌性阴道炎模型和多种常见致病菌体外抑菌试验,研究参宁栓体内外抑菌作用。结果:参宁栓对阴道常见致病菌有较强的抗菌活性,明显改善家兔白色念珠菌性阴道炎模型的病理变化。结论:参宁栓可治疗细菌和霉菌性阴道炎。     

Antimicrobial activity of clove and rosemary essential oils alone and in combination

In the present study, the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from clove (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. et Perry) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) was tested alone and in combination. The compositions of the oils were analysed by GC/MS. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against three Gram-positive bacteria, three Gram-negative bacteria and two fungi were determined for the essential oils and their mixtures. Furthermore, time-kill dynamic processes of clove and rosemary essential oils against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans were tested. Both essential oils possessed significant antimicrobial effects against all microorganisms tested. The MICs of clove oil ranged from 0.062% to 0.500% (v/v), while the MICs of rosemary oil ranged from 0.125% to 1.000% (v/v). The antimicrobial activity of combinations of the two essential oils indicated their additive, synergistic or antagonistic effects against individual microorganism tests. The time-kill curves of clove and rosemary essential oils towards three strains showed clearly bactericidal and fungicidal processes of (1)/(2) x MIC, MIC, MBC and 2 x MIC.     

In vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of extracts of selected medicinal plants from North West Cameroon

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Helicobacter pylori, a gram negative microaerophilic bacterium is a major etiological agent in duodenal, peptic and gastric ulcers. The growing problem of antibiotic resistance by the organism demands the search for novel compounds from plant based sources. AIM OF STUDY: The present study is aimed at evaluating the antimicrobial activity of some selected medicinal plants on clinical isolates of H. pylori circulating in Cameroon in a bid to identify potential sources of cheap starting materials for the synthesis of new drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Gastric biopsy samples were obtained from patients presenting with gastroduodenal complications. H. pylori was isolated from the specimens following standard microbiology procedures. The disk diffusion method was used to determine the susceptibility of 15 isolates to ten methanol plant extracts (Ageratum conyzoides, Scleria striatinux, Lycopodium cernua, Acanthus montanus, Eryngium foetidium, Aulutandria kamerunensis, Tapeinachilus ananassae, Euphorbia hirta, Emilia coccinea and Scleria verrucosa). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for the most active plant extracts were also determined by the agar dilution method. Results were analyzed statistically by the Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: All the plants tested demonstrated antimicrobial activity with zone diameters of inhibition ranging from 0-30mm. Of these, A. conyzoides, S. striatinux and L. cernua showed very potent antibacterial activity on the isolates. The lowest MIC and MBC recorded were 0.032mg/mL and 0.098mg/mL respectively. However, the MIC of the extracts ranged from 0.032-1.0mg/mL for S. striatinux; 0.063-0.5mg/mL for L. cernua and 0.063-1.0mg/mL for A. conyzoides. The MBC of the extracts ranged from 0.098-15.0mg/mL for S. striatinux; 0.098-12.5mg/mL for A. conyzoides, and 0.195-12.5mg/mL for L. cernua. The extracts had a wide spectrum of activity. The three most potent extracts possessed significant (P<0.05) inhibitory activities. CONCLUSION: The plant extracts may contain compounds with therapeutic activity.     

散结乳癖膏对白色念珠菌的体外抑菌作用研究

目的研究散结乳癖膏对白色念珠菌的抑菌作用及其作用机制,为临床治疗女性外生殖道感染疾病新制剂的研制奠定基础。方法采用倍比稀释法检测散结乳癖膏最低抑菌浓度(MIC)及最低杀菌浓度(MBC);采用MTT法确定散结乳癖膏对白色念珠菌的抑菌率,激光共聚焦显微镜下观察不同浓度药物作用于白色念珠菌后的效果,同时对其进行红绿荧光染色定量分析,观察药物作用后细菌的形态变化。结果倍比稀释法结果显示散结乳癖膏药物对白色念珠菌的最低抑菌浓度为25 mg·mL^-1,最低杀菌浓度为50 mg·mL^-1。MTT法结果显示在本实验所测的浓度范围内,散结乳癖膏药物对白色念珠菌的抑菌率可随着给药浓度的增加而显著增强其抑菌率(P<0.05)。在激光共聚焦显微镜下可清楚观察到散结乳癖膏作用于白色念珠菌,减少生物膜内活菌量并可以使之存活率降低,且破坏白色念珠菌生物膜并使其活性降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论散结乳癖膏药物对白色念珠菌起到了显著的抑制作用,并具有对白色念珠菌生物膜破坏的能力。     

鱼腥草素钠联合EDTA-Na2对生物被膜菌的影响

目的 探索鱼腥草素钠(SH)联合乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTA-Na₂)对生物被膜菌的影响,寻找潜在的抗生素替代品.方法 通过微量稀释法以及棋盘法,测定SH和EDTA-Na₂对铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa,PA)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus,SA)、白色念珠菌(Candida albicans,CA)的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小膜清除浓度(MBEC)以及两药协同点;通过平板稀释涂布法测定3种菌在协同点的生存曲线;扫描电子显微镜法(SEM)观察PA、SA和CA生物被膜的形态.结果 SH对PA、SA和CA的MIC分别为2.048、0.064、0.064 mg/mL,MBEC分别为2.048、0.256、0.512 mg/mL;EDTA-Na₂对PA、SA和CA的MIC分别为3.75、0.938、0.117 mg/mL,MBEC分别为15、3.75、30 mg/mL;SH联合EDTA-Na₂(SH/EDTA-Na₂)对PA、SA和CA的MIC(mg/mL)分别为0.256/0.938、0.008/0.233、0.008/0.029,MBEC(mg/mL)分别为0.512/3.722、0.032/0.469、0.064/0.938;SEM观察到两药联合对细菌的生长抑制和生物被膜的清除有明显作用,载体上的细菌显著减少,未见或仅有少量的生物被膜结构,与空白对照组比较差异明显.结论 SH与EDTA-Na₂具有协同作用,二者联合能够显著增强SH对PA、SA和CA的生长抑制和生物被膜的清除作用.     

戊己水煎液在体外对幽门螺杆菌的抑制作用

目的:探讨和剂局方戊己水煎液在无生命培基中抗H·pylori的作用.方法:采用琼脂扩散法、试管稀释法检测戊己水煎液对H·pylori的抑杀作用.结果:戊己水煎液对H·pylori的最低抑菌浓度是62.5mg/mL,最低杀菌浓度是125mg/mL.结论:戊己水煎液有直接抑杀H·pylori的作用.     

蟾酥体外抑菌活性的实验研究

目的：探讨蟾酥的体外抑菌活性。方法：采用琼脂扩散法和微量稀释法研究蟾酥对临床常见分离菌株的抑菌圈直径和最小抑菌浓度,以及不同抗菌药物与蟾酥联合作用对临床常见分离株最小抑菌浓度的改变。结果：醇提蟾酥对临床常见分离株均具有一定的抑菌效果,最小抑菌浓度可达3.125mg/mL。醇提蟾酥与不同的抗菌药物联合使用,可以降低抗菌药物的最小抑菌浓度。不同的提取方法影响蟾酥的体外抑菌活性。结论：乙醇能有效提取蟾酥抗菌活性成分。醇提蟾酥对常见临床分离株,特别是阴性杆菌具有一定的抑菌活性。蟾酥与不同抗菌药物具有协同抑菌作用。     

Antimicrobial activity of aqueous and methanol extracts of Juniperus oxycedrus L

Aqueous and methanol extracts of the leaves of Juniperus oxycedrus were investigated for their in vitro antimicrobial properties. The plant was collected from Pelitli Village of Gebze, Kocaeli, in the Marmara region of Turkey. Juniperus oxycedrus is widely used as traditional folk medicine in Turkey for treatment of different infectious diseases. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts against 143 laboratory strains belonging to 56 bacterial species, and 31 isolates of 5 fungi species were evaluated based on the inhibition zone using the disc-diffusion assay, minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values. The aqueous extract of J. oxycedrus had no antimicrobial effect against the test microorganisms whereas the methanol extract had inhibitory effects on the growth of 57 strains of 24 bacterial species in the genera of Acinetobacter, Bacillus, Brevundimonas, Brucella, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Micrococcus, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, and Xanthomonas. In addition 11 Candida albicans isolates at a concentration of 31.25-250 micro g/ml were also inhibited.     

黑老虎果皮体外抑菌活性的初步研究

目的研究黑老虎果皮及其提取物的体外抑菌效果,确定黑老虎果皮对伤寒沙门氏菌的最小抑菌浓度、最小杀菌浓度和有效部位。方法采用滤纸扩散法观察黑老虎果皮及其乙醇提取液和各相萃取液的抑菌作用;用二倍稀释法测定最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度。结果黑老虎果皮及其乙醇提取物对伤寒沙门氏菌有抑制作用,最小抑菌浓度为31.25mg/ml,最小杀菌浓度为125 mg/ml,抑菌物质主要存在于乙醚萃取相中。结论黑老虎果皮对伤寒沙门氏菌有显著地抑制作用。     

满药赤雹果挥发油体外抗菌活性研究

目的研究赤雹果挥发油体外抗菌活性。方法采用试管连续稀释法和琼脂扩散法测定赤雹果挥发油的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果赤雹果挥发油对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌(两株)、粪肠球菌、鲍曼不动杆菌临床分离株和伤寒杆菌标准株的MIC为0.66 mg/ml,MBC为1.32 mg/ml;对大肠杆菌44102-3a3的MIC为0.33 mg/ml,MBC为0.33 mg/ml;对甲型副伤寒杆菌、乙型副伤寒杆菌的MIC为0.33 mg/ml,MBC为0.66 mg/ml;对金葡菌26001-26和白葡菌的MIC均为0.17 mg/ml,MBC分别为0.17 mg/ml和0.33 mg/ml;对金葡菌26002-6和奇异变形杆菌的MIC为0.083 mg/ml,MBC分别为0.17 mg/ml和0.083 mg/ml;对肺炎链球菌的MIC为1.32 mg/ml,MBC为2.64 mg/ml。结论赤雹果挥发油在体外有显著的抗菌作用。     

小儿青翘颗粒对呼吸道病原菌的体外抑制作用研究

目的:了解小儿青翘颗粒体外抗呼吸道病原菌的活性。方法:采用微量法测定小儿青翘颗粒对临床分离的肺炎链球菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和副流感嗜血杆菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC);采用平板法测定小儿青翘颗粒对鲍曼不动杆菌的杀菌时效与量效曲线。结果:小儿青翘颗粒对大部分呼吸道病原菌均有较好抗菌效果,对肺炎链球菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和副流感嗜血杆菌的MIC范围分别为9.38~75、4.69~9.38、1.17~4.69和4.69~75 mg/mL;MBC范围分别为18.75~75、4.69~9.38、2.34~4.69和4.69~75 mg/mL。结论:小儿青翘颗粒对常见呼吸道病原菌均具有较好的抑菌作用,对鲍曼不动杆菌的抑菌效果最好。     

国产罗红霉素体外抗菌作用的研究

 目的:研究国产罗红霉素体外杭菌作用，并同大环内醋类其它杭生素进行比较。方法:未用二倍平皿稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和影响因素的作用，采用试管二倍稀释法测定最低杀菌浓度(MBC)，未用平皿菌落计数法绘制杀菌曲线。结果:国产罗红霉素与红霉素具有交叉耐药性，红霉素的MIC多等于国产罗红霉素MIC的1/2或1/4。国产罗红霉素对于所采用实验菌株的MBC要大于MIC的4 --16倍。10⁶ CFU · ml ^-1以下的细菌接种量几乎不影响国产罗红霉素的MIC。随着pH的增高，细菌对国产罗红霉素的敏感性增大。人血清可使国产罗红霉素MIC升高。结论:国产罗红霉素的杭菌谱与红霉素相同，体外杭菌活性略弱于红霉素或相近，但优于交沙霉素、麦迪霉素和柱晶白霉素，为一抑菌药。     

缬草油体外抑菌活性研究

目的 探讨缬草油的抑菌活性.方法 以索氏提取法和水蒸气蒸馏法提取的缬草油为试材,用管碟法和微量稀释法比较两种方法提取的缬草油对供试菌的抑菌活性、最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC).结果 两种方法提取的缬草油对细菌和真菌有一定程度的抑制作用.结论 缬草油有抑菌作用,具很大应用潜力.实验结果为其在食品、化妆品行业的开发应用提供了依据.     

厚朴提取物对于4种常见口腔致病菌生长和黏附的作用

 目的 研究生药厚朴提取物（MOCE）及其主要成分厚朴酚与和厚朴酚对于常见口腔致病菌生长和黏附的影响。方法 选取2种致龋菌和2种牙周病致病菌作为实验菌株,用杯碟法和溶液稀释法分别考察其对4种口腔致病菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（MBC）,并考察杀菌速率;另建立黏附实验模型,考察药物对于致龋菌的黏附抑制作用,及其对已形成黏附的脱附作用。结果 MOCE对于4种实验菌株的MIC、MBC值均小于100 μg·mL-1,而且具有突出的速效杀菌特点：1 mg·mL-1MOCE 30 s内速效杀菌达99%以上,在MBC浓度下仅5 min 即已表现出明显杀菌作用（>90%）;对于致龋菌的黏附抑制,最小有效浓度为6.25~25 μg·mL-1（随菌种的不同而不同）,且该浓度下对已形成的黏附具有脱附作用。结论 MOCE对4种口腔致病菌的生长具有较强抑制作用,速效杀菌,并对致龋菌的黏附具有抑制形成和促进瓦解的双效作用,在口腔用药和保健领域具有重要价值。     

金银花体外抗结核活性研究

目的：探讨金银花体外抗结核活性。方法：使用试管倍比稀释法测定金银花、绿原酸、异烟肼对结核分支杆菌标准株和金色分支杆菌的最小抑菌浓度（Minimum Inhibitory Concentration，MIC）及最小杀菌浓度（Minimum Bactericidal Concentration，MBC）。结果：金银花对金色分支杆菌的MIC为0．83mg·mL^-1，MBC为1．75mg·mL^-1，对H37Rv的MIC、MBC均为0．18mg·mL^-1；绿原酸对两种分支杆菌的MIC、MBC均为0．18mg·mL^-1；异烟肼对两种分支杆菌的MIC、MBC均为10．5μg·mL^-1，异烟肼配伍金银花使用，异烟肼对两种分支杆菌的MIC、MBC为5．25μg·mL^-1。结论：金银花有抗结核活性。同异烟肼联合使用能显著降低异烟肼的MIC和MBC。