先天性白内障

先天性白内障并非罕见,但国内报告很少,我们科收治13例,报导如下。临床分析一、一般资料:男8例,女5例。男:女为1.6:1。年龄最大32岁,最小8个月,平均10.1岁。双眼12例,单眼1例,共25只眼。     

职业性白内障

职业性白内障,顾名思义,是由于人类在从事正常生产生活中,职业接触过量有毒有害物质引起的眼晶体的混浊,导致视力障碍性疾病。随着现代科技发展,新兴工业及新技术不断涌现,尤其近十多年来,我国乡镇工业的迅速崛起,许多职业危害对人体尤其是眼部的损害已成为重要的、不容忽视     

白内障并非老花眼

春节后上班的第一个工作周,休息时间大家聚在一处交流回家之感。一交流才发现,家中老人几乎都有眼睛健康问题,假期经常听到父母辈抱怨电视、报纸看不清,有的则是视物时就似隔着毛玻璃,或是眼前有黑点晃动,出现双重影像,光线周围出现光圈等。有同事说,这是老年人器官功能衰退的正常现象,配副老花眼镜就行了。医学院毕业的小张叫了起来：还是催爸妈到医院做一次眼部检查,千万别把老年性白内障当成正常的老花眼,延误了治疗。     

飞秒激光白内障手术治疗白内障护理体会

<正>白内障手术在经历了传统的超声乳化术,达到了质的飞跃,将白内障手术的安全性和成功率提到了一个新的高度,传统的超声乳化手术在术中切口小,术后的切口愈合快,但是在角膜切口、撕囊大小、劈核方面对手术医师技术操作方面要求比较高,由于医师手术技术的差别,患者术后会有角膜水肿、切口的闭合性不稳定造成的散光、囊袋的破裂的并发症[1-3]。飞秒激光是一种以脉冲形式运转的红外线激光,具备瞬时功率大,精密度高,穿透性高,安全性高等特点,将其     

白内障摘除治疗白内障合并青光眼62例分析

目的探讨单纯白内障摘除术治疗白内障合并青光眼的临床疗效。方法62例白内障合并青光眼患者62只眼实施单纯白内障摘除术,观察手术前后术者的眼轴长度、眼压、房角和前房深度,并选择无青光眼的白内障患者32例36眼做为眼轴长度比较,并做统计学分析。结果伴发青先眼的白内障患者眼轴长度较无青光眼的白内障患者的眼轴显著短;青光眼患者术后4d时的眼压[9—21mmHg,平均（14．46±4．54）mmHg]较术前1d时的眼压[16—34mmHg,平均（26．02±4．38）mmHg]显著下降;手术后所有患者房角较术前都有不同程度的开放,并且前房深度均有显著增加。结论白内障摘除治疗白内障合并青光眼,可以降低眼压从而治疗青光眼。     

小切口白内障摘除术治疗老年性白内障的效果分析

目的探讨小切口白内障摘除术治疗老年性白内障的效果。方法对本院120例老年性白内障患者采用小切口白内障摘除术治疗。结果本组随访3～18个月,术后患者人工晶状体位置正常,瞳孔圆形居中,视力均有大幅度提高;5例轻度角膜水肿,一般在切口周围,2例轻度前房纤维素样反应,1例在术后几天内结膜轻微充血。无一例发生眼内感染,未发生视网膜脱离、继发青光眼及眼内炎。结论采用小切口白内障摘除术治疗老年性白内障,能有效地缩小手术切口,不需特殊设备和器械,操作相对简便,易于掌握,损伤小,并发症小,术后恢复快,费用低,值得推广。     

阿斯匹林和白内障

美国正在开展考证阿斯匹林对白内障形成是否具有有利作用的研究。根据美国医学会杂志几篇回顾性研究,即对类风湿性关节炎患者服阿斯匹林与不服该药者,其白内障发病率的对比,提示阿斯匹林     

小切口白内障摘除术在白内障复明中的应用

自2001年以来，我院采用小切口白内障除联合人工晶体植入术为58例患成功地恢复了视力。对于基层医院无超声乳化相关设备，能简便、高效，低成本地推广复明手术，总结了一定的经验，现报告如下。     

治疗白内障药物

卡他灵(Catalin) [化学名] 1-羟基吡啶(3,2-a)-5-酚黄素3-羧酸[1-Hydroxy-Pyrido(3,2-a)-5-Phenoxazone-3-carboxyliCacid] [结构式] [作用]白内障是可溶性蛋白变成不溶性蛋白的转化,此种转化是由于芳香氨基酸代谢障碍形成醌类化合物的结果;卡他灵有抑制醌类化合物的作用。视网膜色素变性是因肾上腺红     

遗传性先天性白内障

先天性白内障是一种较常见的先天性眼病,日本三谷氏报告,占新生儿的0.002％。我们曾遇到有明显家族遗传可循者3例:1例为5代遗传;2例为3代遗传。报告如下。     

Degraded and undegraded carrageenans and experimental gastric and duodenal ulceration

The prevention of histamine-induced gastric and duodenal ulceration in the guinea-pig has been examined using a series of undegraded and degraded carrageenans. Undegraded carrageenans were active at lower doses than degraded carrageenans. The high viscosity of the undegraded carrageenans in solution prevented their use in larger doses. Degradation of carrageenan without serious loss of sulphate, gives a product which allows the dose to be increased to an extent that its effect more than offsets the slight loss in activity caused by the degradation. No single feature of carrageenan structure can be related to anti-ulcer activity although degradation, and hence reduction of molecular size, generally reduces activity. Sulphate contents over 30% have little apparent effect on activity; κ-carrageenans were not consistently different in anti-ulcer activity from Λ-carrageenans. This contrasts with the antipeptic activity of carrageenans where κ-carrageenans are less active than their Λ-counter-parts. As with antipeptic activity, the degree of anti-ulcer activity is probably determined by a combination of structural features which includes molecular size and polyanionic properties.     

Affective and Anxiety Disorders and Alcohol and Drug Dependence:

Depression and anxiety frequently coexist in patients with substance use disorders. This clinically-oriented article examiens the relationship between these conditions and emphasizes data showing that substances of abuse can cause signs and symptoms of both depression and anxiety. These substance-related syndromes appear to have a different course and prognosis than uncomplicated, independent anxiety and major depressive disorders, and clinicians should consider the role of alcohol and other drugs in all patients presenting with these complaints. The authors will also outline an approach for diagnosing and managing patients with the combination of a substance use and depressive or anxiety disorder.     

Alcohol and Substance Use and Abuse in Women and Children

No abstract available for this article.     

Excretion and biotransformation of alfentanil and sufentanil in rats and dogs

The excretion and biotransformation of alfentanil (ALF) and sufentanil (SUF), two recent analogues of the synthetic opioid fentanyl, were studied after single iv administration of the tritium-labeled drugs in male rats and dogs. The drugs were almost completely metabolized in the two species, which resulted in a large number of metabolites. The excretion of the metabolites was rapid and exceeded 95% within 4 days, except for that of ALF metabolites in dogs (about 85%). For ALF, excretion of the radioactivity with the urine (73% in rats, about 76% in dogs) exceeded that with the feces. For SUF, excretion of the radioactivity with the urine amounted to 38 and 60% and that with the feces to 62 and 40%, in rats and dogs, respectively. Bile-cannulated rats excreted 68% with the bile within 24 hr after SUF dosing, and about 22% of this biliary radioactivity was subjected to enterohepatic circulation. After an ALF dose, the biliary excretion amounted to 24%, and the enterohepatic circulation was minimal. The main metabolic pathways of the two drugs were the oxidative N-dealkylation at the piperidine nitrogen and at the amide nitrogen, oxidative O-demethylation, aromatic hydroxylation, and the formation of ether glucuronides. N-[4-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-phenylpropanamide (M6) was the main metabolite of both ALF and SUF in rats. In dogs, the glucuronide of N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide (M5) was the main metabolite of ALF. After SUF dosing in dogs, N-[4-(methoxymethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-phenylpropanamide was more abundant than M5.