N3-邻甲苯甲酰基氟尿嘧啶对肿瘤细胞生长的抑制作用

以MTT法测定N^3-邻甲苯甲酰基氟尿嘧啶（1）对低分化人胃腺癌细胞SGC7901、人上皮样胃腺癌细胞MKN-45的生长抑制作用。结果表明，1的细胞生长抑制作用有明显的浓度和时间依赖性。加入肝微粒体酶S-9，可显著提高1对肿瘤细胞生长抑制作用。分别以荷小鼠肉瘤S180和小鼠肝癌H22的小鼠为模型进行体内实验，以0．2、0．4和0.8mmol／kg灌胃给药12～15d，1次，d。结果表明，1对小鼠肉瘤S180和小鼠肝癌H22抑瘤率分别为42％、55％、60％和40％、64％、88％：阳性对照药卡培他滨（2．1mmol／kg）的抑瘤率分别为43％和45％。1剂量为0．2、0.4和0．8mmol／kg，连续给药3周，对分别移植SGC7901和MKN-45细胞裸鼠的抑瘤率为40％、63％、76％和41％、61％、82％。     

海莲叶提取物对胃癌细胞增殖的抑制作用及对小鼠急性毒性试验

目的 研究海莲叶提取物（BSLE）对人胃癌细胞增殖的抑制作用及其对小鼠的急性毒性。方法 先以CCK-8细胞增殖抑制试验测试BSLE对人胃癌细胞SGC-7901和MGC80-3的抑制作用。再以流式细胞术观察BSLE对人胃癌细胞周期的影响。然后建立人胃癌细胞SGC-7901和MGC80-3的裸小鼠皮下移植瘤模型,观察BSLE对胃癌细胞皮下移植瘤的抑制作用。最后将BSLE以9.6 g/kg剂量对小鼠单次给药,观察其急性毒性大小。结果 BSLE在细胞实验中剂量依赖性地抑制两种常见的胃腺癌细胞SGC-7901和MGC80-3的增殖,对这两种细胞的IC50分别为31.02 μg/mL和35.23 μg/mL。在裸小鼠抑瘤试验中,BSLE随着剂量增加对胃癌细胞皮下移植瘤生长的抑制作用逐渐增强,相对肿瘤增殖率（T/C）均低于40%。流式细胞术的结果显示BSLE能增加肿瘤细胞进入G0/G1期的细胞比率,提示它可能作用于G0/G1期。BSLE的急性毒性反应主要为腹泻和体重增长缓慢。结论 BSLE对胃癌细胞增殖有抑制作用,其作用机理可能与阻滞细胞G0/G1期有关。BSLE对小鼠的急性毒性反应较少且症状轻。     

金刚藤正丁醇提取物对胃腺癌SGC-7901细胞增殖和迁移的影响

目的探讨金刚藤正丁醇提取物对人胃腺癌SGC-7901细胞的增殖及迁移的影响。方法体外培养人胃腺癌SGC-7901细胞,给予不同浓度(25、50、100μg·mL-1)金刚藤正丁醇提取物处理,并以环孢素A处理的SGC-7901细胞作为阳性对照,采用细胞增殖抑制试验(MTT法)检测胃腺癌细胞的增殖情况;采用划痕实验检测胃腺癌细胞的迁移情况。结果不同浓度(25、50、100μg·mL-1)的金刚藤正丁醇提取物对人胃腺癌SGC-7901细胞的增殖均有明显的抑制作用(P<0.05),且呈时间、剂量依赖性;金刚藤正丁醇提取物可降低人胃腺癌SGC-7901细胞的迁移能力,且呈时间、剂量依赖性(P<0.05)。随着金刚藤正丁醇提取物浓度的增加及培养时间的延长,人胃腺癌SGC-7901细胞迁移率由78.1%下降至58.4%(P<0.05)。结论金刚藤正丁醇提取物可以浓度和时间依赖性的方式抑制体外培养的人胃腺癌SGC-7901细胞的增殖和迁移。     

中药CHH复方对小鼠S180肉瘤的抑制作用

目的:探讨中药CHH复方对S180肉瘤荷瘤小鼠的抑瘤作用,为实验研究提供数据参考.方法:以环磷酰胺作为对照组,分析5 mg·kg-1,10 mg·kg-1,20 mg·kg-1剂量的中药CHH复方皮下注射,观察对小鼠S180肉瘤的抑瘤率.结果:5 mg·kg-1剂量的抑瘤率27.4%、10 mg·kg-1剂量的抑瘤率41.6%、20 mg·kg-1剂量的抑瘤率66.0%.结论:试验结果提示CHH复方对小鼠肉瘤S180有明显的抑制作用.     

D-氨基葡萄糖及其衍生物抗肿瘤活性的初步研究

目的观察氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐(GlcNH2.HCl)、氨基葡萄糖(GlcNH2)和N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖(NAG)体外抑制人肝癌细胞(SMMC-7721)生长的作用,对小鼠S180肉瘤的肿瘤抑制作用以及对免疫系统的影响并探讨其作用机制。方法采用MTT法检测不同浓度的单糖对SMMC-7721细胞生长的影响,倒置显微镜观察细胞形态,琼脂糖凝胶电泳进行DNA断裂分析,流式细胞仪检测对细胞周期的影响。采取灌胃给药的方式,观察GlcNH2.HCl对S180小鼠瘤重、胸腺重和脾重以及荷瘤小鼠淋巴细胞转化率的影响。结果GlcNH2.HCl和GlcNH2能明显抑制肝癌细胞SMMC-7721的生长,且存在剂量依赖性,在500μg.mL-1浓度下,Glc-NH2.HCl和GlcNH2的抑制率为50.24%和52.19%,在1000μg.mL-1浓度下的抑制率分别为82.21%和83.2%。GlcNH2.HCl对SMMC-7721细胞存在周期特异性,可以使细胞发生S期阻滞。NAG对肝癌细胞的生长没有明显抑制作用。GlcNH2.HCl在125~500mg.kg-1的剂量范围内,对小鼠S180肉瘤均有一定的抑制作用,平均抑瘤率在27.84%~34.02%之间,其中250 mg.kg-1剂量的抑制作用最强,在该剂量范围下,GlcNH2.HCl对荷瘤小鼠具有明显增加胸腺指数和脾指数的作用,同时促进荷瘤小鼠脾脏T淋巴细胞转化,无明显毒副作用。结论GlcNH2.HCl体外呈剂量依赖性抑制人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721的生长,体内可能是通过直接杀伤肿瘤细胞的细胞毒作用和提高S180肉瘤小鼠细胞免疫水平来发挥抑瘤作用。     

甲基丙烯酰紫草素的抗肿瘤作用及其机制的研究

目的 研究甲基丙烯酰紫草素(MA)在体内外的抗肿瘤作用,并探讨其作用机制.方法 用MTT法和生长曲线法研究不同浓度的MA对SGC-7901细胞的生长抑制作用;应用S180荷瘤小鼠模型进行其体内抗瘤实验;免疫组化法检测凋亡相关蛋白NF-κB p50的表达.结果 MA对SGC-7901细胞具有抑制作用,且呈明显的量效和时效关系,其IC50=14.12±1.83 mg·L-1;0.375、0.750、1.500 mg·kg-1的MA对小鼠移植性肉瘤S180的抑制率分别为25.00%、41.20%、61.11%,呈剂量依赖性;随着MA浓度的增大,NF-κB p50蛋白的表达下调.结论 MA具有较好的体内外抗肿瘤作用,可能与诱导细胞凋亡和抑制NF-κB p5O的活性有关.     

p12-LOX抑制剂对人胃癌SGC-7901细胞的作用

目的 观察血小板型12-脂氧合酶(p12-LOX)在人胃癌SGC-7901细胞(中分化胃腺癌细胞)中的表达及黄芩素(baicalein,Bai)对其生长的作用.方法 用四氮唑蓝(MTT)染色法及流式细胞仪(FCM)检测Bai对SGC-7901细胞增殖及周期的影响;逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)法检测SGC-7901细胞中p12-LOX mRNA的表达及Bai对血管内皮生长因子(VEGF) mRNA表达的影响.结果 Bai能抑制SGC -7901细胞的增殖,并呈一定的时间、浓度依赖性.FCM结果表明,随着Bai浓度的增高,G0/G1期细胞比例从(62.27±3.20)%降低到(29.36±1.37)%,而S期细胞比例从(23.18±1.39)%升高到(68.21±1.64)% .SGC-7901细胞中存在p12-LOX mRNA表达;Bai降低VEGF mRNA的表达,且呈一定的浓度依赖性.结论 Bai可抑制SGC-7901细胞增殖,影响细胞周期的分布.     

乌骨藤总苷对SGC-7901、S_(180)、P_(388)肿瘤细胞的抑制作用研究

目的研究乌骨藤总苷对人胃癌细胞SGC-7901、肉瘤S180、淋巴白血病细胞P388的抑制作用。方法采用MTT比色法观察乌骨藤总苷对人胃癌细胞SGC-7901体外生长的影响;采用瘤体移植法将BALB/c裸鼠接种人胃癌细胞SGC-7901,通过计算肿瘤抑制率评价乌骨藤总苷对人胃癌细胞SGC-7901体内肿瘤生长抑制作用;采用腋窝皮下接种将昆明小鼠接种肉瘤S180,通过计算抑瘤率评价乌骨藤总苷对肉瘤S180体内肿瘤生长抑制作用;DBA/2小鼠腹腔接种淋巴白血病细胞P388,通过计算生命延长率评价乌骨藤总苷对淋巴白血病细胞P388体内生长抑制作用。结果乌骨藤总苷对人胃癌细胞SGC-7901有显著的体外抑制作用,并能显著抑制小鼠人胃癌细胞SGC-7901、小鼠移植S180、小鼠移植P388肿瘤生长。结论乌骨藤总苷具有一定抗癌活性,有望开发成抗癌的中药有效部位新药。     

桦木酸的抗肿瘤作用及其诱导KB细胞凋亡的研究

目的研究桦木酸(betulinic acid,BetA)体内对S180肉瘤的抑制作用和体外对人口腔上皮癌(KB)细胞系凋亡的诱导活性。方法建立小鼠体内荷S180肉瘤模型,测定BetA的体内抑瘤率;采用MTT分析、细胞形态学观察、原位末端标记和流式细胞仪检测等方法检测BetA对KB细胞生长状态和细胞周期的影响以及诱导细胞凋亡的作用。结果BetA 800和1 200 mg.kg-1给荷瘤小鼠灌胃,对S180肉瘤有显著的抑制作用;体外对KB细胞生长呈剂量依赖性抑制作用(其IC50为11.60μmol.L-1),并出现大量凋亡细胞。结论BetA体内对S180肉瘤、体外对KB细胞增殖均有抑制作用,诱导肿瘤细胞死亡的主要途径可能是凋亡。     

龙须菜藻红蛋白抗肿瘤活性的研究

目的探讨龙须菜藻红蛋白抗肿瘤活性。方法体内实验以S180荷瘤小鼠为肿瘤模型,检测藻红蛋白粗提物(CPE)对肿瘤生长的抑制作用以及对免疫器官的影响;体外实验采用MTT法检测不同浓度的藻红蛋白(PE)对人宫颈癌HeLa、人食道癌EC109和人血管内皮细胞等细胞的作用,流式细胞仪、Annexin V-FITC/PI双荧光染色法观察藻红蛋白对HeLa细胞周期及细胞凋亡的影响。结果CPE能显著的抑制小鼠S180肉瘤生长,当灌胃剂量在100~300 mg.kg-1范围内时,呈量效关系,其中剂量为300 mg.kg-1时,其抑瘤率达49%,且能极显著地提高荷瘤小鼠的胸腺指数;体外实验表明PE对人宫颈癌细胞HeLa有明显的抑制作用,其抑制率达70%以上,并存在剂量依赖性。PE可阻滞HeLa细胞从G2/M期进入S期,促使细胞凋亡。但PE对人食道癌EC109细胞无作用,对正常的人血管内皮细胞有一定的促生长作用。结论龙须菜藻红蛋白具有体内抑制S180肉瘤生长的活性,体外对培养的不同细胞作用不同,对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞有较强的抑制作用。     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg.kg) or i.p. (50 mg.kg) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) l.h. kg in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) l.h. kg in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg x kg(-1)) or i.p. (50 mg x kg(-1)) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was approximately 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p < 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p < 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 +/- 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 +/- 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Interindividual variability in metabolic activation in humans in vivo

In assessing interindividual variability in metabolic activation, the toxic metabolite is often too unstable for conventional analysis. Possible alternatives include a stable product of the reactive metabolite e.g. cysteinyl derivatives of N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine, the toxic metabolite of paracetamol, adducts with DNA or protein, and indirect measurement of the activity of the enzyme(s) producing the active metabolite. An example of the last approach is the use of furafylline, a highly specific inhibitor of human CYP1A2, to determine the extent of the metabolic activation of the cooked food mutagens PhIP and MeIQx. The extent of inhibition, determined from levels of unchanged amine in urine, is an indirect measure of the activity of the activation pathway. Further refinement of this approach, allied to improved measures of the biological process of interest should prove of value in evaluating interindividual variability and its role in the risk assessment process.     

Theophylline kinetics in peripheral tissues in vivo in humans

Several biochemical and cellular effects have been described for methylxanthines under in vitro conditions. However, it is unknown, whether threshold concentrations required to exert these effects are attained in target tissues in vivo. We therefore employed the microdialysis technique for measuring theophylline concentrations in peripheral tissues under in vivo conditions.Following in vitro and in vivo calibration, microdialysis probes were inserted into the medial vastus muscle and into the periumbilical subcutaneous adipose layer of healthy volunteers. Following single oral dose administration of 300 mg or i.v. infusion of 240 mg theophylline, in vivo time courses of theophylline concentrations were monitored in tissues and plasma. Major pharmacokinetic parameters (c_max, t_max, AUC) were calculated for plasma and tissue time courses. The mean AUC_tissue /AUC_plasma-ratio was 0.56 (p.o.) and 0.55 (i.v.) for muscle and 0.55 (p.o.) and 0.72 (i.v.) for subcutaneous adipose tissue.We conclude that microdialysis provides important information on the distribution and the tissue pharmacokinetics of theophylline.Abbreviations FPIA Fluorescence polarisation immuno assay - AUC Area under the curve - t_max Time to peak concentration - c_max Peak concentration     

休克时血中氧自由基的变化

本实验测定10名休克患者血浆和红细胞的丙二醛(MDA)、血浆总抗的氧化活性(AOA)的含量。结果表明:休克病人红细胞膜和血浆 MDA 含量(4.298±0.722;5.348±0.834)与对照组(3.235±0.682;4.356±1.081)比较明显增高(P<0.05);血浆 AOA(39.65±7.858)与对照组(48.21±10.81)比较明显降低(P<0.01)。提示:休克时,患者机体内自由基反应增强是引起组织细胞损伤的原因之一。     

Trichinellosis in immigrants in Switzerland

We describe a case of trichinellosis diagnosed at the Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Lugano, in January 2009. This case was associated with a cluster of cases and was traced to the consumption of contaminated meat after a wild boar hunt in Bosnia.     

Changes in angiopoietin expression in glomeruli involved in glomerulosclerosis in rats with daunorubicin-induced nephrosis

AIM: To study the potential pathological role of endogenous angiopoietins in daunorubicin-induced progressive glomerulosclerosis in rats. METHODS: Seventy male Wistar rats were allocated randomly into a daunorubicin group (DRB; n=40) or a control group (n=30). The rats in the DRB group were injected with DRB (15 mg/kg), in their tails. Subsequently, at intervals of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks, 5 male Wistar rats in each group were chosen randomly for 24 h urinary protein quantitative measurements (24 h UPQM), and determination of plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), and angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) levels. Kidney sections were examined by electron microscopy, Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining, immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization histochemistry. RESULTS: As glomerulosclerosis progressed in the DRB group, expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli decreased and expression of TNF-alpha protein, Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli increased. Expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were negatively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression, and mean area of extracellular matrix (MAECM). In comparison, expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were positively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression and MAECM; furthermore, there was a positive correlation between plasma Ang2 and 24 h UPQM. Plasma TNF-alpha and expression of TNF-alpha in glomeruli were positively correlated with expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli. There was a negative correlation between Ang1 protein expression and Ang2 protein expression in glomeruli. CONCLUSION: During DRB-induced glomerulosclerosis, podocyte injury led to a shift in the balance of Ang1 and Ang2 in glomeruli. Increased TNF-alpha in plasma and glomeruli may upregulate Ang2 expression in glomeruli. Elevated Ang2 in both plasma and glomeruli may mediate protein permeability through the glomerular filtration barrier. Moreover, local expression of Ang2 may facilitate the progress of glomerulosclerosis by upregulating a component expression of extracellular matrix.     

Hyperkalaemia in patients in hospital

A survey of all laboratory blood specimens with a plasma potassium concentration greater than or equal to 5.5 mmol/L was conducted over a three month period. Of 331 specimens with hyperkalaemia, 71 were excluded because the specimens was haemolysed, old or contaminated. The laboratory served a population of 348,561 and during this time measured the plasma potassium on 25,016 occasions. Sixty-six outpatients and 20 neonates were not evaluated. The survey was undertaken on 86 of 102 inpatients (46 males), 48 of whom were over 66 years of age. Fifty-seven patients were admitted under a medical service and 29 under a surgical service. Fifty-nine had a single episode of hyperkalaemia. Thirty-two underwent a surgical procedure. The commonest contributing factor was impaired renal function which was present in 71 (83%) patients. Although a definitive causative role for drugs could be identified in only five patients, in 52 (60%) patients drugs were a contributing factor (potassium supplements 24, ACE inhibitors 16, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs 12). Thirty-five of the 86 (41%) patients died during their hospital admission. Nineteen of the 35 deaths occurred within three days of the hyperkalaemia being recorded. A normal plasma potassium was eventually documented in 50 of the 86 patients. Of the remaining 36 patients, 25 (69%) subsequently died. In general the treatment of patients with hyperkalaemia focused on identifying and treating the underlying cause. Hyperkalaemia must always be considered seriously and regard given to the overall clinical status of the patient, with particular attention to drug therapy, renal and cardiac function, acid base status and the possibility of sepsis.