鞘柄菝葜化学成分研究

从鞘柄菝葜Ｓｍｉｌａｘ ｓｔａｎｓ Ｍａｘｉｍ．根中首次分得９个化合物。经理化常数、光谱分析及与标准样品对照，鉴定为木栓酮，薯蓣皂甙元，３，５，４＇－三羟基芪（３，５，４＇－ｔｒｉｈｙｄｒｏｘｙｌ ｓｔｉｂｅｎｅ），３，５，３＇，４＇－四羟基芪（３，５，３＇，４＇－ｔｅｔｒａｈｙｄｒｏｘｙｌ ｓｔｉｌｂｅｎｅ），正丁基－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－果糖甙（ｎ－ｂｕｔａｎｏｌ－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－ｆｒｕｃｔｏｐｙｒａｎｏｓ     

灰苞蒿中物碱和黄酮成分研究

从灰苞蒿Ａｒｔｅｍｉｓｉａ ｒａｘｂｕｇｈｉａｎａ地上部分的混合溶剂（石油醚－乙醚－甲醇）提取物和乙醇提取物中首次分离并鉴定了１个生物碱和４个黄酮成分：Ｎ－苯基－２－萘胺，５，４＇－二羟基－３，６，７－三甲氧基黄酮（喷杜素），５，７－二羟基－３，３＇，４＇－三甲氧基黄酮（ｑｕｅｒｃｅｔｉｎ ３，３＇，４＇－三甲基醚）５，７－二羟基－６，３＇，４＇－三甲氧基黄酮（异泽兰黄素），５，７，４＇－三羟基－     

香蕉中5—羟色胺的荧光测定和薄层鉴定

通过用丙酮浸渍，对香蕉中的５－羟色胺进行荧光测定和薄层鉴定。其平均回收率为９０．６％。蕉肉的５－羟色胺含量为４－３０ｐｐｍ，蕉皮的５－羟色胺含量为０．４－１．８ｐｐｍ。     

何首乌中二苯乙烯甙的分离和制剂的含量测定

从何首乌Ｐｏｌｙｇｏｎｕｍ ｍｕｌｔｉｆｌｏｒｕｍ块根中分离得到二苯乙烯甙，经理化性质和波谱数据分析为２，３，５，４＇－四羟基二苯乙烯－２－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－葡萄糖甙（２，３，５，４＇－ｔｅｒａｈｙｄｒｏｘｙｓｔｉｌｂｅｎｅ－２－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－ｇｌｕｃｏｓｉｄｅ），是首乌有效成分。又以此化合物为对照品，测定首乌制剂中二苯乙烯甙的含量。     

白蔹多酚类化学成分的研究（II）

对百蔹多酚类化学成分的进一步研究分离得到了７个多酚类化合物，经波谱分析及化学方法鉴定它们为二聚没食子酸，１，４，６－三氧－没食子酰基－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖，２，４，６－三氧－没食子酰基－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖，２，３，４，６－四氧－没食子酰基－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖，６－氧－二聚没食子酰基－１，２，３－三氧－没食子酰基－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖，槲皮素－３－Ｏ－α－Ｌ－吡喃鼠李糖，槲皮素－３－Ｏ－（２－Ｏ－没食子酰基）－     

假地枫皮的化学成分研究

从八角属植物新种假地枫皮Ｉｌｉｃｉｕｍｊａｄｉｆｅｎｇｐｉ的树皮中首次分离得到４种化合物晶体。经理化常数和波谱数据分析，分别鉴定为４－ｅｐｉ－ｉｓｏｐｉｍａｒｉｃａｃｉｄ，８，１１，１３，１５－ａｂｉｅｔａｔｅｔｒａｎ－１９－ｏｉｃａｃｉｄ，１５－ｈｙｄｒｏｘｙｄｅｈｙｄｒｏａｂｉｅｔｉｃａｃｉｄ和β－谷甾醇。     

HPLC法测定丹参粉针剂中丹参素及原儿茶醛的含量

建立了反相ＨＰＬＣ法测定抗心肌缺血新药丹参粉针的含量测定方法。采用ＹＷＧＣ１８柱，以对羟基苯甲酸为内标，水－甲醇－二甲基甲酰胺－冰醋酸（９０：４：４：２）为流动相，检测波长２８１ｎｍ，测得的线性范围：丹参素１－４μｇ（ｒ＝０．９９９７），原儿茶醛１－６μｇ（ｒ＝０．９９９５）；平均回收率：丹参素９９．１％，ＲＳＤ为１．２％；原儿茶醛９８．７％，ＲＳＤ为１．５％。     

重齿毛当归化学成分的研究

从重齿毛当归根及根茎中分离鉴定了１５个化合物，其中伞形香豆素、尤劳帕替醇、彼西丹醇、水合氧化前胡素、紫花前胡甙、阿彼期基姆素、胡苏卜甙、蔗糖、腺苷、２，３，４，９－四氢－１Ｈ－嘴啶并－（３，４－ｂ）吲哚－３－羟酸为首次从该植物中分得。     

臭灵丹化学成分的再研究

 从臭灵丹［Ｌａｇｇｅｒａｐｌｅｒｏｄｏｎｔａ（ＤＣ．）Ｂｅｎｔｈ］地上部分的水煎浓缩液的氯仿、醋酸乙酯、正丁醇提取液中，通过反复硅胶柱层析及重结晶，分得４个化合物。经理化性质及光谱测定，分别鉴定为：臭灵丹二醇（ｐｔｅｒｏｄｏｎｄｉｏｌ）、臭灵丹三醇乙（ｐｔｅｒｏｄｏｎｔｒｉｏｌＢ）、３’，４’，５－三轻基－３，６，７．三甲氧基黄酮（３’，４’，５－ｔｒｉｈｙｄｒｏｘｙ－３，６，７－ｔｒｉｍｅｔｈｏｘｙｆｌａｖｏｎｅ）和橙皮甙（ｈｅｓｐｅｒｉｄｉｎ）。其中，后２个为首次从该植物中分离得到的化合物。     

斑蝥素衍生物与铂络合物抗癌活性的实验研究

目的：研究４种斑蝥素衍生物与铂铬合物（斑铂，Ｄｐｔ）对实验动物的抗癌作用，力图开发一种新型的铂族金属抗癌药。方法：以Ｓ１８０肉瘤、Ｈ２２肝癌料体瘤及其腹水瘤小鼠为实验动物，通过腹腔或静脉给予不同剂量的４种化合物Ｄｐｔｌ－１５、Ｄｐｔ５－１０、Ｄｐｔ１２－３、Ｄｐｔ６－２，分别观察药物对小鼠瘤重及存活天数的影响，以顺后为阳性对照，生理盐水为阴性对照。所有数据进行ｔ检验。结果：４种斑铂（Ｄｐｔ１－１５     

Screening of solanum surrattense for antibacterial, antifungal, phytotoxic and haemagglutination

Objective

Plants produce a variety of useful bioactive materials that have been used to cure different ailments of human beings. With the same idea in mind, the crude methanolic extract and various fractions of Solanum surrattense were screened for antibacterial, antifungal, phytotoxic and heamagglutination activities.

Methods

Standardized assays were followed for the determination of antibacterial, antifungal phytotoxic and heamagglutination activity.

Results

The results of the antibacterial showed that crude methanolic extract was significantly active against Staphylococcus aureus (86%) The n-hexane fraction showed good activity against Pseudomonas aerogenosa (66.6%) and Bacillus subtilus (66.6%). The crude methanolic extract and various fractions were inactive against all test fungi. The crude methanolic extract, n-hexane, CHCI₃ and aqueous fractions showed moderate phytotoxic activities of 46.67%, 40.00%, 33.34% and 33.34% respectively at 1000 μg/mL. The crude methanolic extract and various fractions S. surrattense were unable to agglutinate RBCs of the human blood indicating that this species lack phytolectins.

Conclusion

The test sample showed significant antibacterial activity, no antifungal and heamagglutination activity while moderate phytotoxic was observed against Lemna minor L.     

Efficacy and safety of Wuling capsule,a single herbal formula,in Chinese subjects with insomnia: A multicenter,randomized, double-blind,placebo-controlled trial

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Wuling Capsule is a single herbal formula from mycelia of precious Xylaria nigripes (Kl.) Sacc and its pharmacological function have a tranquilizing effect on the central nervous system. The aim of the study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Wuling capsule in treatment of insomnia.

Materials and methods

We performed a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The participants received either placebo (n=92) or Wuling capsule (n=94) for 4 weeks and a follow-up period for 2 weeks.

Results

Compared between pre-treatment and post-treatment, the global Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) scores in both Wuling capsule group and placebo group improved significantly (P<0.01). However, there was no significant difference between Wuling capsule group and placebo group (P>0.05). Scores of clinical global impressions scale (CGI-I) at each week in Wuling capsule group was similar to those in placebo group (P>0.05). Compared between pre-treatment and post-treatment, scores of the four components of world health organization on quality of life brief scale (WHOQOL-BREF) in both Wuling capsule group and placebo group improved significantly (P<0.01). However, there were no difference between the two groups (P>0.05). The rate of adverse events was 10.10% in Wuling group, and 6.73% in placebo group (P>0.05).

Conclusions

Wuling capsule can improve insomnia when compared with pre-treatment for 4 weeks and be a well tolerated by all the patients at the 6 weeks of study period. However, there are no significant in the results of the variables tested when compared with placebo control. Further additional rigorous randomized clinical trials are still required.     

Ethnoveterinary knowledge and practices at Colares island,Pará state,eastern Amazon,Brazil

Ethnopharmacological relevance

The lack of ethnoveterinary surveys in Brazil, especially in the Amazon region, results in losses in the veterinary phytopharmacology field and in scientific documentation of the cultural traditions of plant use in the treatment of animal diseases.

Aim of the study

To catalog, analyze and disseminate the ethnoveterinary knowledge of the inhabitants of Colares Island, Pará state, eastern Amazon, Brazil.

Materials and methods

A total of 72 interviews were conducted, and semi-structured questionnaires were answered by 18 men and 54 women. The data obtained were quantitatively analyzed using the informant consensus factor (ICF) and use value (UV). The plants with a reported medicinal use for domestic animals were harvested, herbalized and botanically identified.

Results

Fifty-six plants, distributed in 49 genera and 35 families, were indicated to have 23 different medicinal uses, divided into six categories of use. The highest ICF (0.80) was obtained for the antiparasitic class. The Euphorbiaceae family exhibited the highest number of citations, and the species with the highest UVs were Caladium cf. bicolor, Bixa orellana, Carapa guianensis, Jatropha curcas and Cymbopogon citratus. The parts of the 56 plants that were most frequently used to prepare ethnoveterinary medications were the leaves (46%), bark (15%), roots and fruit (10%). The use of the macerated leaves was the most common method of application, used by 43% of the interviewees, and the majority of the preparations (87.3%) used a single plant. In addition to medicinal plants, the interviewees reported the use of products of animal and mineral origin.

Conclusion

The present study contributed to the establishment of an inventory of plants used in ethnoveterinary practices in this region of the Brazilian eastern Amazon. Future phytochemical and pharmacological studies are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of the identified plants, enabling communities to use them in a more economic, effective and safe manner.     

Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, and cytotoxic activities of Galium mexicanum

Ethnopharmacological relevance

To study the potential benefit of the traditional Mexican medicinal plant Galium mexicanum Kunth (Rubiaceae). Hexane, chloroform, and methanol extracts as well as various fractions from these extracts were tested to determine antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic or anti-inflammatory activities in vitro.

Materials and methods

Aerial parts of the plant were extracted with various solvents and fractionated accordingly. Their antibacterial and antifungal activities were assessed on nine bacterial and four fungal strains. Leishmania donovani was used as a protozoan strain for antiparasitic activity. The anti-inflammatory activity of the compounds was investigated by measuring the secretion of interleukin-6 when macrophages were exposed to lipopolysaccharide.

Results

Various extracts and fractions obtained from this plant exhibit antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Of special interest was the hexane fraction HE 14b, which show antibacterial (ranging between 67 and 666 μg/ml) and antifungal (at concentrations of 333 μg/ml) activities. Also the hexane fraction HE 5 exhibited antiparasitic activity (at concentrations of 260 μg/ml), whereas the methanol fraction ME 13-15 showed a potent anti-inflammatory activity when compared to dexamethasone. Chemical analyses of the chloroform extract show the presence of triterpenes, saponins, flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones, and glucosides, but no tannins were detected in the assayed extract.

Conclusions

The benefit of Galium mexicanum as a traditional medicinal plant was confirmed using antibacterial and antifungal assays in vitro. We also report for the first time, and to the best of our knowledge, antiparasitic and anti-inflammatory activities of this plant.     

Byrsonima fagifolia: an integrative study to validate the gastroprotective, healing, antidiarrheal, antimicrobial and mutagenic action

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Ethnopharmacological survey indicated leaves of Byrsonima fagifolia Nied. (Malpighiaceae) against gastrointestinal disorders.

Aim of the study

The methanolic extract from the leaves of Byrsonima fagifolia (denominated BF) was evaluated for toxic, mutagenic, gastroprotective, antidiarrheal, antibacterial and immunomodulatory activities.

Materials and methods

The preventive and healing action of BF against gastric ulcer was evaluated in experimental models in rodents. We evaluated immunomodulatory (by murine peritoneal macrophages), antidiarrheal (by induced diarrhea with castor oil and intestinal motility) and antibacterial action of BF against standard strain of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Helicobacter pylori. The safety of use of BF was also evaluated by mutagenic (Ames assay) and by analyses of toxicity parameters.

Results

Phytochemical BF profile indicated the presence of phenolic compounds with antioxidant and radical-scavenging properties. BF significantly inhibited gastric lesions induced by ethanol and HCl/ethanol and endogenous mucosal sulphydryl groups (SHs) participated efficaciously in BF gastroprotection. BF blocked development of inflammation process and also has antidiarrheal actions. This extract accelerated the healing of the gastric ulcerated mucosa by stimulating proliferative factors and by increasing production of gastric mucus with no toxic action. The substances responsible for the protective action are concentrated in the ethyl acetate fraction that demonstrated no mutagenic action in vitro.

Conclusions

Byrsonima fagifolia presents gastroprotective, healing and antidiarrheal activities supporting previous claims that its traditional use by Brazilians can treat these gastrointestinal ailments.     

N-hydroxypyridones, phenylhydrazones, and a quinazolinone from Isaria farinosa

New N-hydroxypyridones, militarinones E (1) and F (2), phenylhydrazones, farylhydrazones A (3) and B (4), a quinazolinone, 2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one (5), and the known militarinones A (6) and B (7) were isolated from cultures of the Cordyceps-colonizing fungus Isaria farinosa. The structures of 1-5 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, and 3 was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The absolute configuration of the C-4' secondary alcohol in 1 was deduced via the circular dichroism data of the in situ formed [Rh(2)(OCOCF(3))(4)] complex. Compounds 1 and 6 showed significant cytotoxicity against A549 cells, whereas 7 was active against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Candida albicans.     

Dominicin, a cyclic octapeptide, and laughine, a bromopyrrole alkaloid, isolated from the Caribbean marine sponge Eurypon laughlini

Dominicin, a new cyclic peptide, and the new bromopyrrole alkaloid laughine (4) have been isolated from the marine sponge Eurypon laughlini collected in Dominica. The structures of 1 and 4 were determined by a combination of spectroscopic analysis and chemical degradation. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the structure of dominicin (1).     

Ethnomedicinal knowledge of the most commonly used plants from Deosai Plateau,Western Himalayas,Gilgit Baltistan,Pakistan

Ethnopharmacological relevance

The current survey was aimed to identify the prime important medicinal plants in terms of medicines and further pharmacological screening of such plants. As far as, we know, no reported data from Deosai Plateau have been published and this is the first documented information of the study area.

Material and methods

Ethnomedicinal information of plants was collected through semi-structured interviews through a participatory rural appraisal (PRA) method.

Results and discussion

This study provided information of 50 medicinal plant species used to treat 29 different ailments. A total of 42 species (84%) were herbs while shrubs and subshrubs were represented by 8 species (16%). Leaves (37%) were the predominant plant parts followed by, roots (27%), aerial parts (13%), flowers (12%), fruit (7%), seeds (3%), and tuber (1%). Method of preparation fall into five categories including infusion (31%), paste (23%), decoction (20%), powder (18%), and juice (8%).

Conclusion

The study area is rich in medicinal plant diversity growing in wild. Our efforts in this regard are only a little contribution to the ethnobotanical study of this area focusing on medicinal plants while more clinical studies are required in future to prove such claims of local inhabitants.     

Traditional plant use in the National Park of Cilento and Vallo di Diano,Campania, Southern,Italy

Aim of study

This paper reports an ethobotanical survey of the traditional uses of medicinal and useful plants in an area of the National Park of Cilento and Vallo di Diano, Campania, Southern Italy.

Materials and methods

This study conducted between 2009 and 2011, gathered information on the medicinal plants traditionally used in Southern Italy (Campania Region). In all, we interviewed 70 key informants, whose age ranged between 50 and 85 years. This people belonged to families which had strong links with traditional activities of the area.

Results

The research resulted to the identification of 192 plants belonging to 64 families. Among the species reported, 86 are used in human medicine, 15 in veterinary medicine, 69 as human foods, 18 as animal feed, 61 for domestic and 8 for agricultural uses.

Conclusion

A survey of the available literature on Southern Italy ethnobotany reveals that some species have been never reported and about 10% of cited uses are new. Data obtained show that in the studied area the folk use of plants is alive and still derives from daily practice.