国产盐酸拓扑替康治疗小细胞肺癌临床观察

目的:评价国产拓扑替康治疗小细胞肺癌(SCLC)的临床疗效和不良反应。方法:初治和复治患者26例。拓扑替康单药治疗剂量为1.2mg/(m2·d),联合剂量为1.0mg/(m2·d),静脉滴入30min,连用5d。联合卡铂剂量为350mg/m2,21d为1个周期,2个周期评价疗效。结果:26例中,25例可评价疗效。CR1例,PR17例,有效率72％。初治的有效率为80％,复治的有效率为54％。3例脑转移的患者,2例PR。主要毒副反应为骨髓抑制,Ⅲ-Ⅳ度中性粒细胞减少19例,Ⅲ-Ⅳ度血小板减少11例。非血液毒性较轻,可耐受。结论:拓扑替康单药治疗复发SCLC疗效确切,联合卡铂可以耐受,疗效增加。主要的毒副反应是中性粒细胞和血小板减少。     

奥沙利铂联合5-FU/CF治疗转移性大肠癌24例临床分析

目的观察奥沙利铂(oxaliplatin,L-OHP)联合5-FU/CF治疗24例晚期大肠癌的疗效及不良反应。方法用L-OHP130mg/(m2.d1)联合5-FU500mg/(m2.d1~d4)/CF200mg/(m2.d1~d4)方案治疗24例转移性大肠癌,分别评价近期疗效及不良反应。结果24例受治者有效率为45.8%。主要不良反应为末梢神经炎和轻度骨髓抑制。Ⅲ度毒副反应主要为血小板的下降和腹泻。结论L-OHP联合5-FU/CF治疗晚期大肠癌安全有效。     

盐酸拓扑替康治疗34例小细胞肺癌的临床疗效观察

为了观察盐酸拓扑替康(和美新)治疗小细胞肺癌(small-cell long cance,SCLC)的疗效及毒副反应.对经病理组织学或细胞学确诊的34例SCLC患者予以盐酸拓扑替康1.5 mg/(m2·d),静脉滴入,持续30 min,连用5 d,21 d为1个周期,至少2个周期以上.34例患者中,CR 2例(5.88%),PR 13例(38.23%),NC 10例(29.41%),PD 9例(26.47%),总有效15例(44.12%).初治者8例,有效4例(4/8).复治者26例,有效11例(42.31%),中位生存期27周.毒性反应以白细胞减少及胃肠道反应常见.初步研究结果提示,单用盐酸拓扑替康治疗SCLC有较好的疗效,且毒性小,可以耐受和易控制.     

拓扑替康治疗小细胞肺癌的临床疗效观察

目的探讨以拓扑替康(Topotecan)为主联合方案治疗小细胞肺癌(SCLC)的疗效及安全性.方法初治和复治患者30例,拓扑替康1.20 mg/(m2*d),静脉滴入30 min,1次/d,连用5 d,21 d为1个周期.2个周期评价疗效,1个周期可评价不良反应.结果在30例患者中,CR 4例,PR 15例,有效率63.3%.主要不良反应为骨髓抑制,非血液学毒性较轻微,一般均可耐受.结论以拓扑替康为主联合化疗方案治疗SCLC有效,可作为SCLC一线或二线用药,局限期疗效优于广泛期.     

奥沙利铂联合S-FU／CF治疗转移性大肠癌24例临床分析

目的观察奥沙利铂(oxaliplatin,L-OHP)联合5-FU/CF治疗24例晚期大肠癌的疗效及不良反应。方法用L-OHP130mg/(m2.d1)联合5-FU500mg/(m2.d1~d4)/CF200mg/(m2.d1~d4)方案治疗24例转移性大肠癌,分别评价近期疗效及不良反应。结果24例受治者有效率为45.8%。主要不良反应为末梢神经炎和轻度骨髓抑制。Ⅲ度毒副反应主要为血小板的下降和腹泻。结论L-OHP联合5-FU/CF治疗晚期大肠癌安全有效。     

替吉奥联合奥沙利铂治疗晚期食管癌近期疗效观察

目的 观察替吉奥联合奥沙利铂治疗晚期食管癌的近期疗效及不良反应.方法 30例晚期食管癌均接受化疗,替吉奥80mg/(m2 ·d),分2次,餐后口服,dl-14;奥沙利铂130 mg/m2,dl,静脉滴注＞3小时,21天为1周期,2周期后行胸腹部CT及消化道钡餐造影或胃镜评价疗效,并评价不良反应.结果 30例患者均可评价疗效,完全缓解(CR)0例,部分缓解(PR) 12例,病情稳定(SD)8例,病情进展(PD) 10例,有效率(CR+ PR)为40.0％,临床获益率(CR+PR+SD)为66.7％.中位疾病进展时间5月,1年生存率63.3％.主要不良反应为血液学毒性、消化道反应、肝功能损伤、皮疹、神经毒性等.结论 替吉奥联合奥沙利铂治疗晚期食管癌疗效较好,不良反应可耐受.     

拓扑替康联合顺铂治疗小细胞肺癌疗效观察

目的:探讨拓扑替康(topotecan,TPT)联合顺铂(DDP)治疗小细胞肺癌(smallcelllungcancer,SCLC)的疗效。方法:35例初治SCLC患者应用TPT1mg/(m2·d),静脉滴入30min;联合DDP20mg/(m2·d),静脉滴入,连用5d,每3周为1个周期,2～3个周期后评价疗效和不良反应。结果:TPT与DDP联合用于初治SCLC有效率为74.3%(26/35),其中CR20.0%(7/35),PR54.3%(19/35)。主要不良反应为骨髓抑制,其中Ⅲ～Ⅳ度中性粒细胞缺乏为54.3%(19/35),Ⅲ～Ⅳ度血小板下降为34.3%(12/35),Ⅲ～Ⅳ度血红蛋白下降为20.0%(7/35),非血液学毒性较轻。结论:TPT联合DDP是治疗SCLC疗效较好方案,主要不良反应为血液学毒性。     

拓扑替康联合顺铂治疗小细胞肺癌的近期疗效

目的　观察拓扑替康加顺铂联合方案对小细胞肺癌的疗效和毒性反应。方法　经病理组织学或细胞学证实的 2 6例小细胞肺癌应用拓扑替康 1.2 5mg/(m2 ·d) ,连用 5天 ,顺铂 2 5mg/(m2 ·d) ,连用 3天 ,2 1天为一周期 ,至少应用 2个周期。结果　全组 2 6例可评价病例中 ,CR 3例 ,PR 11例 ,SD 7例 ,PD 5例 ,总有效率为 5 3.8%。 12例初治患者中 ,CR 2例 ,PR 7例 ,SD 2例 ,PD 1例 ,有效率为 75 .0 % ;14例复治患者中 ,CR 1例 ,PR 4例 ,SD 5例 ,PD 4例 ,有效率为 35 .7%。 5例脑转移患者中 1例获PR。中位生存期 2 7周 ,1年生存率为 38.5 % ( 10 /2 6 )。主要不良反应为骨髓抑制。结论　拓扑替康联合顺铂治疗小细胞肺癌有较好的近期疗效 ,不良反应可耐受     

伊立替康联合替吉奥二线及三线治疗晚期结直肠癌的临床观察

目的 观察伊立替康联合替吉奥(IRIS)方案二线及三线治疗晚期结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)的近期疗效和安全性.方法 一线及二线方案治疗失败的晚期CRC患者接受IRIS方案治疗:伊立替康180 mg/m2,d1,联合替吉奥2周或3周重复;替吉奥:体表面积(body surface area,BSA) ＜1.25 m2时40 mg,BSA≥1.25 m2、≤1.50 m2时50 mg,BSA ＞1.50 m2时60 mg,每天2次口服,d1-7,2周重复,或d1-14,3周重复;2周方案治疗每4周期评价疗效,3周方案每2周期评价疗效;治疗每周期评价不良反应.结果 共51例可评价患者,治疗后疗效达完全缓解0例(0％)、部分缓解22例(43.1％)、稳定17例(33.3％)、进展12例(23.5％),临床获益率76.5％.中位无进展生存时间(progress free survival,PFS) 5.0(95％ CI:3.7-6.3)月.单因素Cox回归模型分析显示,二线、三线IRIS方案治疗后疗效对PFS有影响(HR:1.91,95％ CI:1.27-2.87,P=0.002);多因素Cox回归模型分析显示,肿瘤低分化的患者较中分化患者PFS有延长(HR:0.14,95％ CI:0.05-0.43,P=0.001),治疗疗效对PFS有影响(HR:2.80,95％ CI:1.63-4.83,P=0.000),PS评分为0分的患者较1分者PFS有延长趋势(HR:2.93,95％ CI:0.98-8.76,P=0.054).≥3度不良反应为粒细胞减少及消化道反应.结论 IRIS方案二线及三线治疗晚期CRC临床获益率高,总体安全性较好.     

奥沙利铂为主联合化疗治疗预后不良的晚期非小细胞肺癌临床研究

41例经病理或细胞学确诊的晚期非小细胞肺癌,接受奥沙利铂(L-OHP)为主的联合化疗。L-OHP分别联合吉西他滨(GEM)、去甲长春碱(NVB)、紫杉醇各15、21、5例。三组均予L-OHP100~130mg/m2,静脉滴入,d1;GEM组予GEM1000~1250mg/m2,静脉滴入,d1,d8;NVB组予NVB25mg/m2,静脉滴入,d1,d8;紫杉醇组予紫杉醇150~175mg/m2,静脉滴入,d1。21d为1个周期,每例患者至少治疗2个周期。共132个周期,平均3·2个周期。结果显示,总有效率14·6%(6/41),肿瘤控制率31·7%(13/41)。1年生存率26·8%(11/41),中位生存期7·2个月。主要的血液学不良反应为血小板减少,但Ⅲ~Ⅳ度减少仅占17·1%(7/41);4例(9·8%)患者发生Ⅲ~Ⅳ度白细胞减少;5例(12·2%)患者输注了红细胞。非血液学不良反应大部分局限于Ⅰ~Ⅱ度,10例(24·4%)患者出现Ⅰ~Ⅱ度神经毒性,均可逆。初步研究结果提示,L-OHP为主的联合化疗方案治疗预后不良的晚期NSCLC有一定疗效;但其疗效能否与顺铂相比,仍有待临床的进一步研究。其不良反应较轻,耐受性较好。     

Experience with Impedance Phlebography Compared with Venography

Venography is a particularly reliable method for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis but is not suitable as a screening test. Impedance phlebography represents another attempt to discover a simple, non-invasive and reliable method of detecting deep venous thrombosis. It does not, however, meet these criteria.     

Compliance with guidelines and correlation with outcome in patients with advanced germ-cell tumours

PurposeTo evaluate prior compliance with guidelines in patients treated with salvage chemotherapy for advanced germ-cell tumours (GCT).Patients and methodsData concerning the initial management of patients requiring salvage chemotherapy for GCT at Institut Gustave Roussy between 2000 and 2010 were obtained and correlated with recommendations for treatment. Criteria of non-compliance were defined based on guidelines. Compliance with guidelines, predictive factors for non-compliance and the impact on outcome were analysed.ResultsAmong 82 patients treated in the salvage setting, guidelines to initial treatment were followed in only 41 cases (50%). The most common non-compliance criteria were non-adherence to the planned dose (16%), an inappropriate interval between first-line chemotherapy cycles (16%), the lack of post-chemotherapy surgery (16%) and a long interval to post-chemotherapy surgery (48%). Compliance with standard care was better in cancer centres than in other hospitals (private or public) (Odd Ratio (OR): 6.9, P = 0.001). A poor-risk status according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) was also predictive of compliance in univariate but not in multivariate analysis. No significant difference in outcome after salvage chemotherapy was observed. Patients relapsing after non-compliant first-line therapy tended to be more easily salvaged, which is consistent with the fact that their initial treatment was inadequate. Some of these relapses were therefore probably not due to true biologically refractory disease.ConclusionGuidelines for first-line treatment are adhered to in only half the patients requiring salvage chemotherapy. As the only predictive factor for non-compliance was the treating centre, centralisation of patients with GCT in well-trained hospitals should be recommended.     

Treatment with methylnaltrexone is associated with increased survival in patients with advanced cancer

BackgroundMethylnaltrexone (MNTX), a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist, is FDA-approved for treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC). Preclinical data suggest that MOR activation can play a role in cancer progression and can be a target for anticancer therapy.Patients and methodsPooled data from advanced end-stage cancer patients with OIC, despite laxatives, treated in two randomized (phase III and IV), placebo-controlled trials with MNTX were analyzed for overall survival (OS) in an unplanned post hoc analysis. MNTX or placebo was given subcutaneously during the double-blinded phase, which was followed by the open-label phase, allowing MNTX treatment irrespective of initial randomization.ResultsIn two randomized, controlled trials, 229 cancer patients were randomized to MNTX (117, 51%) or placebo (112, 49%). Distribution of patients' characteristics and major tumor types did not significantly differ between arms. Treatment with MNTX compared with placebo [76 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) 43–109 versus 56 days, 95% CI 43–69; P = 0.033] and response (laxation) to treatment compared with no response (118 days, 95% CI 59–177 versus 55 days, 95% CI 40–70; P < 0.001) had a longer median OS, despite 56 (50%) of 112 patients ultimately crossing over from placebo to MNTX. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that response to therapy [hazard ratio (HR) 0.47, 95% CI 0.29–0.76; P = 0.002) and albumin ≥3.5 (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30–0.69; P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for increased OS. Of interest, there was no difference in OS between MNTX and placebo in 134 patients with advanced illness other than cancer treated in these randomized studies (P = 0.88).ConclusionThis unplanned post hoc analysis of two randomized trials demonstrates that treatment with MNTX and, even more so, response to MNTX are associated with increased OS, which supports the preclinical hypothesis that MOR can play a role in cancer progression. Targeting MOR with MNTX warrants further investigation in cancer therapy.Clinical trials numberNCT00401362, NCT00672477.     

Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs

JOHNSTON S.R.D. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care 19 , 561–563 Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs     

奥沙利铂联合羟基喜树碱治疗晚期胃癌临床分析

背景与目的体外及体内的临床研究显示,奥沙利铂(L-OHP)对多种肿瘤有显著抑制作用并与绝大多数抗癌药物具有相加或协同细胞毒作用.本文旨在观察L-OHP联合羟基喜树碱(HCPT)治疗晚期胃癌的近期疗效和患者耐受性,并与传统的化疗方案进行对比.方法采用非随机的分组方法将43例晚期胃癌患者分为L-OHP+HCPT方案组(治疗组)与Vp-16+CF+5-FU(ELF)方案组(对照组),其中男性28例,女性15例,中位年龄59岁,KPS评分≥60,观察两组的近期疗效和患者耐受性.结果治疗组24例有效率58.3%(14/24),对照组19例有效率42.1%(8/19).治疗组有效率高于对照组,两组差异有显著性(P<0.05).两组不良反应主要是骨髓抑制、恶心、呕吐、口腔炎、周围神经炎、静脉炎、脱发等,均在Ⅰ、Ⅱ度范围内.结论L-OHP联合HCPT方案治疗晚期胃癌疗效较好,不良反应可以耐受.     

Varicella-Zoster Virus Prophylaxis with Low-Dose Acyclovir in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Treated with Bortezomib

BackgroundVaricella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation is a common complication in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) treated with bortezomib, with an incidence rate of 10%-60%. The aim of our study was to analyze the effect of acyclovir prophylaxis in this patient population.Patients and MethodsWe studied 98 consecutive patients with relapsed MM treated with bortezomib. Bortezomib 1.3 mg/m² was given on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 21-day cycle. At first, patients did not receive any VZV prophylaxis, but because of the high incidence of VZV reactivation, VZV prophylaxis with acyclovir was implemented subsequently.ResultsA total of 11 patients treated with bortezomib did not have any VZV prophylaxis, and 4 of these 11 patients (36%) developed VZV reactivation in the form of herpes zoster. No VZV reactivations were observed in the 32 patients who received acyclovir 400 mg 3 times daily or the 55 patients who received acyclovir in a dose reduced to 400 mg once daily during bortezomib treatment.ConclusionVaricellazoster virus reactivation is a common and serious adverse effect of bortezomib treatment. Acyclovir 400 mg once daily is sufficient to protect from VZV reactivation in patients with MM treated with bortezomib.     

Pseudomembranous colitis associated with chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil

Pseudomembranous colitis is frequently associated with antibiotics and more rarely with chemotherapeutic agents such as 5-fluorouracil. The objective of this study is to show that it is possible to confuse this infection with chemotherapy associated toxicity. We present a 54 year old woman who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer and in the first cycle of chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil developed pseudomembranous colitis. We detected the toxin B of Clostridium difficile in stools and we began early antibiotic treatment. Thus, in patients with post chemotherapy neutropenia and diarrhoea that develop negatively, we have to rule out this infection.