Sports related injuries in Scottish adolescents aged 11-15

OBJECTIVES: To measure the age and sex distribution of self reported sports and leisure injuries in a 12 month retrospective recall period among a representative national sample of Scottish adolescents, and to examine the characteristics (gender, age, handedness, and level of sports participation) of sports related injuries in relation to injuries sustained during other activities. DESIGN/SETTING: Self completion questionnaire survey administered in schools during April- June 1994. SUBJECTS: 4710 pupils aged 11, 13, and 15 years drawn from a representative sample of 270 classes with returns from 224 classes (83% completion rate). RESULTS: 42.1% of the sample reported a medically attended injury. These were significantly more frequent among boys but there were no significant age differences in overall frequency of injury. Sport related injuries accounted for 32.2% of all medically attended injuries. As with all injuries, frequency was greater in boys than girls at all ages, and there are differences in the pattern of lesions in sports and nonsports injuries. Lower limb injuries were more frequent than upper limb injury in sports (57.6 v 23.9%), whereas there were no differences in non-sports injuries (31.5 v 31.3%). Age and handedness differences in sports injury rates were also identified. High sports participation was significantly associated with a higher risk of injury in general and sports related injury in particular. CONCLUSION: Age, gender, handedness, and level of sports participation have been shown to be implicated in differential risk of sports related injury. Reducing sports injury among adolescents should be a priority, but research into the injury profiles of different sports is needed before detailed injury prevention strategies can be developed.     

Soccer injuries among youth

This study reports the quantitative and qualitative aspects of sports injuries in a 5-day youth soccer tournament with 12,907 players. A total of 132 injuries that resulted in at least one days' absence from soccer playing were of special interest. The overall injury rate was 3.6 for boys and 4.4 injuries per 1000 hours of play for girls. Statistically significantly higher injury rates between players in puberty and differences in type and location of injuries between boys and girls were found. In 77% of the cases, the injury happened while the injured player was in physical contact with another player, 59% had ball contact and 7% had no contact with any person or ball at all. Five months later a questionnaire was send out to the serious injured players. Of 85 injured players, 10 were absent from school or work on average 11.5 days. Five had surgery. Injury prophylaxis in soccer tournaments is proposed.     

意外伤害住院患儿流行病学调查

目的探讨儿童意外伤害的发生规律,为儿童意外伤害的预防和干预提供理论依据。方法收集1997年10月—2005年6月因意外伤害住院的2782例患儿的相关临床资料,将伤害类型分为烧烫伤、跌伤、交通意外、炸伤、砸伤、锐器伤、中毒、其他(包括电击伤、溺水、动物咬伤、击打伤、气管异物等)8种,分组调查分析。结果意外伤害发生的年龄顺位为:学龄儿、学龄前儿童、青春期、婴幼儿;男性明显高于女性;农村为意外伤害高发区,家庭为伤害高发场所,意外伤害发生率以8%的速度逐年上升;居前三位的伤害为:跌伤、交通意外、烧烫伤;伤害谱较前10年有显著变化,并存在巨大的卫生资源损耗。结论意外伤害有显著的流行病学特征。应针对性地制定相应的干预措施。     

Epidemiology of meniscal injuries in US high school athletes between 2007 and 2013

Purpose

Knowledge of epidemiologic trends of meniscal injuries in young active populations is limited. Better awareness of injury patterns is a first step to lowering injury rates. Our hypothesis was that meniscal injuries in high school athletes would vary by gender, sport, and type of exposure.

Methods

During the 2007/2008 and 2012/2013 academic years, a large nationally disperse sample of US high schools reported athlete exposure and injury data for 22 sports by having certified athletic trainers complete an internet-based data collection tool.

Results

One thousand and eighty-two meniscal injuries were reported during 21,088,365 athlete exposures for an overall injury rate of 5.1 per 100,000 athlete exposures. The overall rate of injury was higher in competition (11.9) than practice (2.7) (RR = 4.4; 95 % CI 3.9–5.0), and 12/19 sports showed significantly higher injury rates in competition compared to practice. Of all injuries, 68.0 % occurred in boys, yet among the gender-comparable sports of soccer, basketball, track and field, lacrosse, and baseball/softball injury rates were higher for girls than boys (5.5 and 2.5, respectively, RR = 2.2; 95 % CI 1.8–2.7). Contact injury represented the most common mechanism (55.9 %). Surgery was performed for the majority of injuries (63.8 %), and 54.0 % of athletes had associated intra-articular knee pathology.

Conclusions

Meniscal injury patterns among high school athletes vary by gender, sport, and type of exposure. Our study is clinically relevant because recognition of distinct differences in these injury patterns will help drive evidence-based, targeted injury prevention strategies and efforts.

Level of evidence

III.

     

Impact of school sports injury

BACKGROUND: Most injuries in school occur during sport. OBJECTIVES: To explore the impact of sports injury in supervised school sport. METHOD: A prospective study of sports injury in children of secondary school age presenting to the accident and emergency department. Each patient was identified on registration, matched with medical records after discharge, and contacted later by telephone to complete a structured interview. Patients were only included if their injury was sustained during supervised school sport. RESULTS: During the study period, 194 patients aged 11-18 attended the accident and emergency department with an injury, 51% of which occurred during school sport. Injuries occurred most commonly in rugby (43%), followed by physical education and games together (17.5%). Most injuries were x rayed (72%). Just over 12% of pupils lost no time from sport, most (71%) were back to sport within three weeks, and 2.7% were injured for more than eight weeks. Almost a third of parents needed to take time off from work to deal with the injured child. CONCLUSION: School sports injuries are important. They account for just over half of all injuries in secondary school children. They cause significant disruption to school and sport and have important implications for the wider family.     

深圳市532例道路交通事故四肢伤流行病学分析

目的 通过记录分析医院急诊患者情况,探讨深圳市道路交通伤中四肢损伤的伤情特点.方法 设计调查问卷,对2007年1月～2007年12月深圳市6个行政区的6家综合性医院的急诊外科四肢道路交通伤患者进行记录,并对相关数据进行分析; 伤后4个月通过电话方式对患者创伤康复分级、工作恢复情况进行随访,了解患者伤后恢复情况.结果 道...     

Sports injuries: population based representative data on incidence, diagnosis, sequelae, and high risk groups

Objective

To generate national representative data on the incidence, diagnosis, severity, and nature of medically treated sports injuries and to identify high risk groups.

Methods

The first national health survey for the Federal Republic of Germany, conducted in the format of a standardised, written, cross sectional survey in the period October 1997 to March 1999, gathered data on the incidence of accident and injury and information on social demographics, injury related disability/time off work, and injury location/setting. The net sample comprised 7124 people aged 18–79.

Results

3.1% of adult Germans said they sustained a sports injury during the previous year, corresponding to an annual injury rate of 5.6% among those engaging in regular recreational physical activity and ranking sports injuries as the second most common type of accident. About 62% of all sports injuries result in time taken off work. The period of occupational disability is 14 days or less in around two thirds of these cases. The occupational disability rate after occupational and traffic accidents is much higher by comparison. Dislocations, distortions, and/or torn ligaments make up 60% of all sports injuries, followed by fractures (18%), contusions, surface wounds, or open wounds (12%). Three out of four sports injury casualties are male. The incidence declines noticeably in higher age groups.

Conclusions

Future injury prevention measures should focus on the high risk group of young male recreational athletes. The data indicate that the fear of damage to health and injury, believed to be significant internal psychological barriers to participation in sports, is largely unwarranted for the female population and/or older age groups. Sporting injuries are a marginal phenomenon among the female population and mobile seniors actively engaged in sports.     

Sports injuries in school-aged children: A Studyd of traumatologic and socioeconomic outcome

In this Danish study we attempted to identify the socioeconomic consequences of sports injuries in childre. A total of 1320 children, 650 boys and 670 girls, aged 6–17, completed questionnaires covering the period from the injury to recovery. The incidence rate was 74 per 1000 per year. The hospitalization rate was 4.1%. Due to the injury 37.2% of the children were absent from school for an average of 1.2 days (range 0–60 days), resulting in 1598 days' absence from school. Most of the children were injured during training (34.7%) or competition (22.6%). The other injuries occurred durin recreational sporting activities (32.0%) or at school (10.7%). Fifty-four percent were absent from work, on average for 2.2 days. Two hundred and nineteen children were absent from an after-school job, for an average of 8.6 days. The total loss was 1896 working days. training or games, on average 6.0 times (range 0–99), with a total loss of 7897 training sesions. Fiften percent of the percent of the parents wre absent from work, on average for 2.2 days. Two hundred aqn nineten children wer absent from an afterschool job, for an average of 8.6 days. The total low was 1896 working day. The study shows that the socioenconomic consequences of sports injuries in children are a complex consisting of different parts and that the ijuries had a substantial impact on the functional and social status of the children and their families.     

Sports injuries in school-aged children. An epidemiologic study

In November 1982, epidemiologic data were collected in a unique, large scale, population-based survey on sports injuries in school-aged children living in Holland. A total of 7,468 pupils, aged 8 to 17, completed questionnaires covering a retrospective period of 6 weeks. Seven hundred ninety-one sports injuries were registered, amounting to an incidence of 10.6 sports injuries per 100 participants. In 31% of the cases, medical consultation was needed. Injuries incurred during the study period caused 36% of the children to miss one or more physical education classes and caused 6% to miss school for at least 1 day. Contusions and sprains were the most common lesions (77%). Three of four injuries involved the lower extremity, in particular the ankle. Sixty-two percent of all the injuries occurred in organized sports, 21% in physical education classes, and 17% in unsupervised sports activities. The highest injury rates were found in basketball and field hockey. In this study population, 15 and 16-year-old boys who had a high sports activity index and played team sports, particularly contact team sports, formed a high risk group.     

Epidemiological survey of anterior cruciate ligament injury in Japanese junior high school and high school athletes: cross-sectional study

We investigated the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries among athletes in junior high school and high school by retrospectively reviewing Japan Sports Council notification data registered over a period of 10 years. The total number of ACL injuries during the 10-year period was 30,458, with an incidence of 0.81 per 1000 athlete-years. Among those with ACL injuries, the ratio of girls to boys was 2.8, and incidence of injury was significantly greater among girls than boys (1.36 as against 0.48). Athletes in the 11th grade demonstrated the highest incidence of ACL injuries. We also found that the greatest incidence of ACL injuries was among female high school basketball players; the second highest being among female high school Judo athletes. For sports with a greater number of ACL injuries and a higher injury rate, it is necessary to obtain more detailed data and analysis to determine an effective prevention programme.     

Trend in sports injuries among young people in Finland

The main purpose of this study was to explore how the number of home, sports, and other leisure time injuries among young people aged 15 - 25 years has developed in Finland in 1988 - 2003. In 1988, 2559 people aged 15 - 25 years were interviewed by Statistics Finland. In 1993, 1997 and 2003 those amounts were 751, 1638 and 1382. The subjects were asked in a telephone interview to report the injuries in which they had been involved during the previous 12 months. The crude injury incidence in 2003 was 364 per 1000 person years in men and 246 in women. The total number of injuries increased 49 % between the years 1988 and 2003. The number of sports injuries increased the most. The increase was greater among men than women, and the injury rate was higher among both men and women aged 15 - 19 years than those aged 20 - 25 years. More research is needed on whether and how exercise and time at home have changed and become riskier among young people. It is also essential to find out which prevention methods are the most effective among young people and implement these measures in a well-planned and targeted manner.     

昆明市366例道路交通伤特点

目的研究道路交通伤的损伤机制、特点及其法医学意义，为创伤急救提供依据。方法对2004年昆明市366例道路交通伤死亡患者的法医病理鉴定资料进行回顾性研究。结果车内人员挤压伤与砸压伤高于车外人员。机动车驾驶员面骨骨折为行人的2．3倍。货车与拖拉机造成开放性脑损伤为其他车辆的3—5倍，碾压伤是其他车辆的1—2倍。轿车导致颅脑损伤比例高于其他车辆，颅骨、面骨骨折的比例低于其他车辆。结论不同车辆导致损伤的机制、特点不同；货车与拖拉机造成的多发伤多于其他车辆；轿车造成颅脑损伤比例高于其他车辆，颅骨、面骨骨折比例低于其他车辆。     

Sports-related injuries in children

Within a 3-year period, from 1980 to 1982, 1124 sports injuries of children aged 6-15 years were treated in the Turku University Central Hospital casualty department. Two-thirds (69%) of the injuries were sustained by boys. Sports injuries represented 21% of the diagnoses related to accidents in this age group. Half of the sports accidents occurred during the 4 winter months. Boys were injured most commonly in ice hockey (36%) and football (20%) and girls in skating (18%) and riding (18%). One quarter (26%) of the injuries were located in the head and neck, 36% in the upper extremities, 33% in the lower limbs, and 4% in the trunk. The most common types of injuries were fractures (26%), sprains and strains (24%), contusions (22%) and wounds (17%). The proportional occurrence of fractures increased with age in boys (P less than 0.001) and decreased in girls (P less than 0.001), luxations (P less than 0.05) and sprains (P less than 0.001) increased with age in girls; skull injuries (P less than 0.01) and contusions and wounds (P less than 0.001) decreased in boys. Girls had more sprains (P less than 0.001) but fewer contusions and wounds (P less than 0.001). Most of the injuries were mild; 9% of the cases were hospitalized. Minor surgery was performed in 16% and reconstructive surgery in 2% of all injuries. About 70% of the injuries occurred in nonorganized sports.     

学龄前儿童意外伤害流行病学特征和防范研究

目的探讨学龄前儿童意外伤害流行病学特征和儿童创伤的防范措施。方法收集我院自2010年1～12月收治的2 198例学龄前儿童意外伤害病例资料,回顾分析其致伤原因及临床流行病学特征,探讨其伤情特点和防范措施。结果 2 198例受伤学龄前患儿中,最易发生伤害年龄在1～3岁年龄组(53.28%),明显高于其他年龄组(P<0.05);坠落、跌倒及交通事故所致创伤是儿童意外伤害的主要类型;主要在家中(42.32%)和幼儿园(35.17%)发生;暑期发生率高于其它月份(P<0.05)。结论学龄前儿童意外伤害有其自身的流行病学特征,加强看护和安全教育,政府立法和全社会共同参与,是预防儿童创伤发生的重要措施。     

Back injuries in a cohort of schoolchildren aged 6–12: A 2.5‐year prospective study

The aims of this prospective school cohort study were to describe the epidemiology of diagnosed back pain in childhood, classified as either nontraumatic or traumatic back injury, and to estimate the association with physical activity in different settings. Over 2.5 years, 1240 children aged 6–12 years were surveyed weekly using mobile text messages to ask about the presence or absence of back pain. Pain was clinically diagnosed and injuries were classified using the International Classification of Diseases version 10. Physical activity data were obtained from text messages and accelerometers. Of the 315 back injuries diagnosed, 186 injuries were nontraumatic and 129 were traumatic. The incidence rate ratio was 1.5 for a nontraumatic back injury compared with a traumatic injury. The overall estimated back injury incidence rate was 0.20 per 1000 physical activity units (95% confidence interval 0.18–0.23). The back injury incidence rates were higher for sports when exposure per 1000 physical activity units was taken into consideration and especially children horse‐riding had a 40 times higher risk of sustaining a traumatic back injury compared to the risk during non‐organized leisure time physical activity. However, the reasonably low injury incidence rates support the recommendations of children continuously being physically active.     

Training in élite young athletes (the Training of Young Athletes (TOYA) Study): injuries, flexibility and isometric strength.

Using a mixed longitudinal design, the incidence of injuries, and the development of flexibility and isometric strength of the upper and lower limbs were studied for 2 years in 453 élite young athletes (aged between 9 and 18 years) practising football, gymnastics, swimming or tennis. The children suffered from a low incidence of injuries. Strength and flexibility did not exert a significant role in determining injuries. The rate of injury was not significantly different between the 2 years of the study. Young swimmers showed a greater generalized flexibility. Girls were more flexible than boys between the ages of 13 to 16 years. Athletic children are able to exert greater isometric strength than normal schoolchildren. Boys diverged from the normal population at 14 years, while athletic girls were stronger at all ages. Girls were stronger than boys up to age 12, who were still increasing their muscle strength at 19 years. The average maximal isometric strength exerted in both upper and lower limbs in the four sports was not significantly different. Male gymnasts over 11 years old were significantly stronger than all other athletes.     

中国高速公路2007-2009年交通伤害的流行病学研究

目的 分析中国高速公路交通伤害的流行病学特点,为高速公路交通伤害的预防与控制提供科学依据.方法 分析1994-2009年中国高速公路交通伤害的长期趋势和流行特征,以里程事故率、里程死亡率、事故致死率等指标评价中国高速公路交通伤害的严重性,通过聚类分析比较地区间里程死亡率和事故致死率的差别.结果 1994-2009年中国高速公路交通伤害的长期趋势除事故致死率逐年上升,里程事故率和死亡率波动下降外,其他指标均先上升后下降,下降后的各指标仍高于1994年水平.在交通伤害的四项基本指标中除事故起数外,其他三项指标(受伤人数、死亡人数和直接财产损失)在路网交通伤害中所占的比重逐年递增,以直接财产损失最明显,2006年以来占的比重均在30％以上.2007-2009年高速公路交通伤害的资料显示,4∶00和16∶00前后为事故高发时段,事故中驾驶员因素占93.02％,其中驾龄＜5年的驾驶员引起的事故占40.92％,行人和乘车人是高速公路的弱势人群,其事故致死率高达72.75％;尾随相撞(44.17％)和撞向固定物(16.35％)是主要的事故形态,路面干燥和晴天时事故比例高,分别为77.60％和65.93％.结论 中国高速公路交通伤害的严重性与日俱增,应根据该类伤害的流行病学特点,有针对性地采取加强道路管理、道路使用者的宣传教育和提高急救医疗服务水平等措施.