强化教育干预对初诊2型糖尿病患者治疗效果及费用的影响

目的 研究初诊2型糖尿病患者强化健康教育干预的效果及医疗费用.方法 收集初诊2型糖尿病患者324例,随机分为两组,干预组(健康教育强化治疗组)159例,子糖尿病健康教育强化治疗,每周安排两次健康教育讲座,每次1～2 h,8次为1个周期.对照组(健康教育传统治疗组)165例,予一般性糖尿病健康教育,以自学为主,宣传资料内...     

曲艺疗法健康教育在胸腔穿刺术中的效果观察

目的探讨曲艺疗法健康教育在胸腔穿刺中的应用效果。方法将68例患者随机分成两组,对照组采用传统的口头宣传形式,观察组在此基础上辅以曲艺健康教育,观察两组患者疼痛表现、依存性、穿刺成功率及满意度。结果观察组胸腔穿刺时患者的疼痛表现、依存性、穿刺成功率和健康教育满意率明显高于对照组(P<0.05),疼痛程度轻于对照组。结论对实施胸腔穿刺的患者配合曲艺疗法健康教育比单纯的口头宣教方式效果好。     

针对性健康教育及药物治疗对高血压的防治效果观察

目的 观察针对性健康教育及药物治疗对高血压病的防治效果.方法 选择2011年4-12月我院确诊的高血压患者100例为研究对象,随机分为对照组和治疗组,各50例.对照组给予常规的健康教育,治疗组则在常规健康教育中加入针对性的健康教育及药物治疗,在同样的治疗时间内,对两组的防治效果进行对比分析.结果 药物治疗与健康教育后,治疗组血压达标41例(82.0%),对照组血压达标17例(34.0%),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);两组患者治疗前后高血压知识知晓调查评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 采取在常规健康教育中加入针对性的健康教育及药物治疗对高血压患者的防治效果明显比只采用常规健康教育效果好.     

动机性访谈干预对糖尿病患者运动的影响

观察组47例采用以一对一的访谈形式进行,激发患者进行体育运动的意愿。对照组48例采用面授讲课的方式分两组集中讲座,干预后3个月和6个月。结果：观察组运动的依从性和糖化血红蛋白均显著好于对照组。结论：动机性访谈优于传统的健康教育方动式     

健康教育应用在糖尿病患者护理中的效果评价

目的观察健康教育应用于糖尿病患者中的护理效果。方法择取该院68例糖尿病患者作为该次试验的观察对象,按照随机分组的方式分配为观察组与对照组,每组患者均为34例,观察组采用健康教育护理的方法,对照组则只采用常规的护理方式,对两组护理的实践效果进行评价与比较。结果通过两组患者空腹情况下的血糖检测结果显示,两组患者在经过护理后均有明显的改善,但观察组的护理效果明显要比对照组好,且差异有统计学意义;观察组患者对护理的满意度评分也比对照组要高,差异有统计学意义。结论健康教育应用于糖尿病患者护理中具有很显著的效果,值得临床推广与使用。     

对高血压患者实施健康教育的效果评价

目的　评价对高血压患者实施健康教育的效果 ,探讨健康教育对病人血压控制及减少和延缓并发症发生和发展的作用。方法　选择在专科门诊就诊的高血压病人 ,按自愿参加的原则 ,把 5 40例病人分为健康教育组 2 0 6例 ,非健康教育组 3 3 4例。由医生和护士、营养师组成的健康教育队伍 ,开展讲座、咨询、义诊等形式的健康教育 ,并长期跟踪随访观察。结果　参加健康教育组无论是收缩压还是舒张压 ,治疗后较治疗前均有显著的下降。结论　健康教育是健康促进的前提和重要组分 ,抗高血压以降压为主是第一阶段 ,也是重要的阶段 ;控制高血压患者的血压可以预防重要靶器官的损害 ,减少心脑病变所致死亡的危险。     

多种形式健康教育对肝硬化患者康复的影响

目的改变以往健康教育平铺、单纯、灌输式的形式，唤起患者积极主动参与健康教育的意识。方法将204例患者分为两组，观察组采用板报宣传、口头宣传等多种健康教育的形式，对照组采用一般健康教育形式。比较两组患者健康教育的效果及患者对护理工作的满意度。结果两组患者接受健康教育的效果及对护理工作的满意度间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论采取多种形式的健康教育有利于肝硬化患者的知信行的改变，提高护理人员素质能力，改变医院形象，提高医院的社会信誉。     

个性化健康教育在高血压患者治疗中的应用

目的探讨个性化健康教育在高血压患者中的应用效果。方法将在我院就诊治疗的高血压患者262例随机分为观察组和对照组,对照组130例患者采用传统健康教育与药物降压治疗,观察组132例患者采用药物治疗与个性化健康教育相结合。治疗、健康教育6个月后对患者进行问卷调查,了解治疗、健康教育效果。结果治疗、健康教育后,观察组患者在高血压的态度、相关知识得分、血压的控制率明显好于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论对高血压患者进行个性化健康教育能充分调动患者的主观能动性,形成健康的生活方式,提高生活质量。     

视频健康教育在结核病患者中的应用及效果评价

目的 探讨利用视频的方法 对结核病患者进行健康教育的效果.方法 在原有多种健康教育形式的基础上,系统制作结核病相关知识的视频,如疾病的发现、国家的免费治疗政策、治疗过程的用药、并发症的处理、护理、居家隔离治疗的常识、家居消毒和饮食调理等.结果 实施视频健康教育以来,病人的满意度由91.52%提升至99.75%.结论 实施视频健康教育更能增加患者接受结核病防治知识的兴趣,保证健康教育信息的准确、有效传递.     

健康教育处方在胆石症患者中的应用效果

目的 探讨应用健康教育处方对胆石症患者实施围术期健康教育的效果.方法 将132例胆道疾病患者按入院的先后顺序分为处方组与对照组.处方组采用健康教育处方对患者进行健康教育,对照组采用传统的健康教育方法.结果 处方组在患者对护士服务满意度、术后首次肛门排气时间、首次下床活动时间、患者平均住院日等方面均优于对照组.结论 健康教育处方为胆石症患者提供了更有效的围术期指导,满足了患者对健康知识的需求,促进了患者的康复,缩短了住院天数.     

Hair testing and self-report of cocaine use by heroin users

Aim Failure to disclose cocaine use can have a negative impact on medical care and research validity. This study was performed to identify predictors of cocaine non‐disclosure among individuals who self‐reported heroin use during a medical care encounter. Design A prospective comparison of self‐report of cocaine use among heroin users and hair analysis for cocaine. Setting Four health‐care clinics at an academic, inner‐city hospital. Participants Patients presenting for a health‐care visit who were willing to self‐report use of heroin and were not engaged in any form of drug treatment. Measurements (1) Self‐report using standardized instruments: the Drug Addiction Severity Test (DAST), the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) and quantity/frequency questions for heroin and cocaine use. (2) Biochemical evidence: analysis of hair by radioimmunoassay (RIA) for cocaine and opiate levels. Findings Among 336 heroin users who tested positive for cocaine in hair, 34.2% did not report their recent cocaine use. The mean cocaine level for discordant individuals was significantly lower than for concordant individuals (109.6 ng/10 mg versus 470.57 ng/10 mg; P < 0.0001). Multivariate predictors of disclosure included opiate and cocaine levels in hair and the ASI drug severity subscore. Conclusions Although self‐report has been validated for treatment system patients, almost a third of the out‐of‐treatment heroin users in this medical clinic study failed to disclose concomitant cocaine use. The likelihood of non‐disclosure was greatest for heavy users of heroin and light users of cocaine. Confirmation of self‐report with biochemical analysis in the medical setting may be necessary to improve both clinical care and research validity.     

Effects of a Self‐Management Asthma Educational Program in Taiwan Based on PRECEDE‐PROCEED Model for Parents with Asthmatic Children

This study was conducted to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of two different asthma educational programs. One was self‐management asthma education based on the PRECEDE‐PROCEED model to change the influential factors based on a previous need assessment study in Taiwan. The other consisted of regular outpatient asthma education. The purposes were: 1) to compare differences in the asthma knowledge, self‐efficacy, perceived effectiveness, children's cooperation, doctor–patient communication, and self‐management behaviors in the experimental and control groups before education, and 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after education; and 2) to compare differences in drug use, medication utilization, asthma severity, signs/symptoms of asthma, school absenteeism, and exercise ability before education, and 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after education. Parents of asthmatic children were recruited from among outpatients of Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan. They were grouped by registration number: those with even numbers were assigned to the experimental group, and those with odd numbers were assigned to the control group. Measurements were collected four times from all parents by means of a questionnaire and chart review. The General Linear Model: Repeat Measurement was used to compare variance differences. The following results were found. 1) Asthma knowledge, self‐efficacy, perceived effectiveness, children's cooperation, and self‐management behaviors significantly improved after the self‐management asthma educational program based on PRECEDE‐PROCEED. Except for perceived effectiveness, all variables still had good effectiveness after 6 months of follow‐up. The experimental group was better than the control group in knowledge, children's cooperation, and self‐management behaviors at the 3‐month follow up, as well as in knowledge and children's cooperation at the 6‐month follow‐up. 2) In both the experimental and control groups, the educational program had a good impact on the health outcome. The average degree of drug use was reduced from 2.7 to 2.1. The number of visits was reduced from 4.75 to 3.55 per half year in the experimental group, and from 5.8 to 3.48 in the control group. The severity of asthma was reduced from 2.7 to 2.1. The signs/symptoms of asthma decreased, school absenteeism was reduced, and exercise ability improved after education at the 6‐month follow‐up in both groups. From the results of this study, the theory‐based educational program had a good effect on self‐management behaviors. From the repeat measurement analysis, we can understand the changing trend of the determinants, behaviors, and outcome indicators. The trend indicated that educational effects were sustained for at least 3 months, with some for 6 months. In order to maintain the educational effects, further specific series of educational programs can be designed based on the patterns of self‐management behavior stages every 6 months. The effects of health outcomes may show significant differences using longer follow‐up times in future clinical trials.     

广东省珠海地区不同人群梅毒感染情况分析

目的通过对珠海地区不同人群进行梅毒血清学检测,了解珠海地区不同人群中梅毒的感染情况,为今后加强梅毒的防治工作提供依据。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)、甲苯胺红不加热血清反应素试验(TRUST),检测珠海地区吸毒人群、性工作者、外来务工人群和无偿献血人群的梅毒感染情况。结果珠海地区吸毒人群、性工作者、外来务工人群、无偿献血人群的梅毒抗体阳性率分别为9.20%、0.98%、0.89%,0.52%;梅毒感染率分别为4.29%、0.65%、0.66%、0.24%,吸毒人群梅毒抗体阳性率及感染率均明显高于其他人群。各人群中,梅毒以隐性感染为主。结论珠海地区在开展性病防治工作时,应对不同人群采取不同措施,加强性健康宣传教育工作,提高人们对梅毒等性病的认知水平,增强自我保护意识,防止梅毒从吸毒者向暗娼或嫖客向家庭成员传播扩散。     

以社区为基础的静脉吸毒人群共用注射器具行为特征研究

目的 了解凉山彝族自治州某地静脉吸毒人群共用注射器具的行为特征。方法 以社区为基础调查静脉吸毒人群人口学和共用注射器具吸毒行为情况。结果 在静脉吸毒的379人中，曾经共用注射器具的247人(65．2％)；近3个月使用别人用过的注射器具吸毒的166人(43．8％)。本人静脉注射转变到与他人共用注射器具吸毒的平均时间为363．73天，其中87人(35．2％)首次静脉注射吸毒即与他人共用注射器具。彝族吸毒人群从本人静脉吸毒转变到与他人共用注射器具吸毒的时间短，与他人共用注射器具吸毒的次数，以及近3个月使用别人用过的注射器具吸毒的次数，高于其他吸毒人群。低文化水平吸毒人群从本人静脉吸毒转变到与他人共用注射器具吸毒的时间短，与他人共用注射器具吸毒的次数，以及近3个月使用别人用过的注射器具吸毒的次数，高于其他吸毒人群。结论 针对彝族和低文化水平吸毒人群开展干预，以改变共用注射器具静脉吸毒的高危行为。     

HIV risk behavior and practices among heroin addicts in Lahore, Pakistan

While the numbers of reported and estimated cases of HIV are still relatively low in Pakistan, behavioral patterns that could lead to an HIV epidemic are reported to exist among injection drug users. Therefore, this cross sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of injection drug use and to assess the level of HIV knowledge and practices among male heroin addicts in Lahore, Pakistan. A total number of 660 male heroin addicts were recruited from 22 drug user sites in the city; data were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Analysis revealed a poor knowledge of the disease, its modes of transmission and ways to limit transmission with only 30% of the respondents considering them at risk for acquiring the disease. A prevalence of 23.3% of injection drug use was noted. HIV risk injection practices included: group injecting (83.2%), sharing syringes (58.7%), and re-using used syringes (78%). Various risky sexual practices included multiple partners (24%), homosexuality (10.8%), sexual contacts with commercial sex workers (CSW) (20.8%), and with transvestites (3.3%). Condom use was low (11-50%). Of the subjects, 5.5% reported trading sex for drugs or money. We recommend HIV/STD prevention programs encompassing health education and health promotion strategies based on harm reduction techniques be used for drug users.     

Self-medication in a urban population of Cuernavaca, Morelos]

This work contains the results of a study on the prevalence of family drug consumption. In our country, self medication should be considered a public health problem due to the population's lack of medical education. Nevertheless, this problem has not been properly studied. For this reason, we completed an exploratory study in an urban population of Cuernavaca, Morelos, México. Its purpose was to gather information about the situation of drug consumption and self medication. A survey was given to 373 domestic groups from the Carolina neighborhood in Cuernavaca. These groups were selected through systematic and probabilistic sampling. A total of 1,537 individuals of all ages were surveyed with an average of four participants per domestic group. Thirty one per cent of those surveyed had consumed drugs during the two weeks prior to the survey. Of these consumers, 53.3 per cent did it through self medication, and 64.9 per cent of them were females. If classified by age group, the highest consumer rate, 7.6 per cent, belonged to the users between 25 to 44 years. If the classification is done by sex and age, women between 25 to 44 years consumed more antibiotics and analgesics which were obtained over the counter. Among the surveyed population, the consumption of medicines was done primarily through self medication, mostly administered by women, and most frequently consumed by infants under one year of age. This phenomenon occurred regardless of the availability and accessibility of public and private health services. The data collected do make us identify women as a fundamental element in the consumption of drugs and self medication.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

戒毒所内吸毒人群美沙酮维持治疗参与意愿调查

目的了解戒毒所内吸毒人群对美沙酮维持治疗(MMT)的认识及参与意愿。方法对戒毒所内吸毒人群进行问卷调查,收集吸毒人群的人口学特征、行为学特征、艾滋病(AIDS)知识、对MMT的认识及参与意愿等信息,并抽取3-5mL静脉血检测HIV抗体。结果共调查436名戒毒所内吸毒人员,HIV阳性者62人(14.2%);AIDS知识得分(7.47±1.129)分。236名(54.1%)调查对象表示出戒毒所后若复吸,愿意参与MMT。200名不愿意参加MMT的原因主要有:已经戒除毒瘾无需服用美沙酮(33.5%),美沙酮与海洛因一样有毒(17.5%),美沙酮不能替代海洛因无欣快感(8.5%),美沙酮不良反应多(6%)及不了解MMT(7%)等。单因素分析显示,入所前知道所在地MMT服药点、知道针具交换、文化程度、有自愿戒毒史和强制戒毒三次及以上、AIDS知识得分高、HIV感染等因素与MMT参与意愿相关;多因素Logistic回归分析显示,有自愿戒毒史、HIV感染及AIDS知识得分较高,是吸毒人群参与MMT的有利因素。结论被调查的吸毒人员中,愿意参与MMT的占半数以上,不愿意的原因多是对戒毒与MMT的认识不足,建议加大针对此类人群的MMT及AIDS相关知识宣传。     

汕头市吸毒人群艾滋病预防行为干预效果研究

目的 探索开展吸毒人群艾滋病预防行为干预的有效方法及其效果。方法 采用整群随机抽样的方法,将263名吸毒者分为四个组,分别进行不同形式的艾滋病宣传教育和同伴劝告者教育干预,并在干预前后各进行一次问卷调查。结果 宣传教育及设立同伴劝告者干预,对改变艾滋病知识掌握程度均有明显效果。结论 应制定长期规划,在戒毒所内建立艾滋病宣传教育机制,并持续设立同伴劝告者,干预效果才会持久。     

The impact of 9/11 on patients in New York City's substance abuse treatment programs

OBJECTIVES: This article assesses the impact of the attacks on 9/11 in New York City on drug use, relapse, and mental health from the perspective of drug users and patients in substance abuse treatment programs. METHODS: Structured interviews were conducted with 16 administrators and 75 randomly selected patients at 15 substance abuse treatment programs in New York City from December 2002 to April 2003. RESULTS: Drug use and relapse was a significant issue on and after 9/11. While Post Traumatic Stress Disorder was related to drug use, other preexisting mental health problems were not. Men were more likely to relapse than women; however, women were more emotionally affected by events following 9/11. CONCLUSIONS: The attacks on 9/11 may have contributed to relapse among drug users and exacerbated existing mental health problems among patients with a history of concurrent drug use and mental illness.     

The Impact of 9/11 on Patients in New York City's Substance Abuse Treatment Programs

Objectives: This article assesses the impact of the attacks on 9/11 in New York City on drug use, relapse, and mental health from the perspective of drug users and patients in substance abuse treatment programs. Methods: Structured interviews were conducted with 16 administrators and 75 randomly selected patients at 15 substance abuse treatment programs in New York City from December 2002 to April 2003. Results: Drug use and relapse was a significant issue on and after 9/11. While Post Traumatic Stress Disorder was related to drug use, other preexisting mental health problems were not. Men were more likely to relapse than women; however, women were more emotionally affected by events following 9/11. Conclusions: The attacks on 9/11 may have contributed to relapse among drug users and exacerbated existing mental health problems among patients with a history of concurrent drug use and mental illness.