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鼻出血是病理条件下人体最多见的出血[1],是耳鼻喉科最常见的急症,老年人常患高血压、动脉硬化及伴各个器官不同程度的功能衰退,而且多数患者恐惧死亡引起精神紧张,了解老年人生理及心理特点,提高防范,快速有效施治非常必要,现将我院2004年1月~2006年12月诊治的严重老年人鼻出血38例总结如下。 相似文献
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张建明 《中国医药工业杂志》2008,39(2):146-151
通过参考2007年1~11月医药行业统计数据,对全国医药行业经济运行情况进行了分析。结果显示,全国医药行业生产、销售保持快速增长,但产销率下降,出口增速减缓。虽然成本费用在提升,但经济效益出现了大幅度提升。 相似文献
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冠心病在社区中是老年人群最常见的慢性疾病之一,如何来采取行动,以减慢和抑制这一慢性病上升的趋势已成为当务之急. 由中国医师协会和上海和黄药业共同发起的"心希望工程",自2007年3月正式启动以来,已在北京、上海以及浙江、江苏、广东、辽宁、山东等地的大、中城市取得了良好的社会反响. 相似文献
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5月12日,四川省汶川地区发生强烈地震以后,作为国家战备药品储备基地、军队战备药材代储企业的上海市医药股份有限公司,在国家重大突发事件面前,表现出高度的社会责任感,迅速启动了药品应急供应绿色通道,截至5月13日下午4点,已经送出第一批急救药品887件,并向上海市红十字会捐赠急救药品(价值人民币87.48万元). 相似文献
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乔治·海德姆有了中国名儿 乔治·海德姆1910年9月生于美国纽约州水牛城一个阿拉伯移民家庭,祖籍黎巴嫩.他的父亲是个工人.乔治·海德姆靠奖学金资助完成了学业.1933年,23岁的他毕业于瑞士日内瓦医科大学,并获博士学位.受时代的影响,他毕业后就来到中国,结识了宋庆龄等人,因此得以在1936年和斯诺一起来到陕北. 相似文献
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杰出的社会活动家、著名爱国人士、香港知名实业家、全国政协副主席霍英东先生于2006年10月28日在北京逝世,享年83岁.霍英东先生生前与癌症斗争了23年多,他的精神值得大家学习.霍英东先生是香港著名的大企业家,他热爱祖国,乐善好施,经常慷慨捐资救灾或为国家、社会、民众办好事和实事. 相似文献
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目的:探讨丙酮酸对大鼠糖尿病性白内障的抑制作用.方法:Wistar大鼠120只,随机分为对照组、模型组及治疗组3组.模型组、治疗组应用链脲佐茵(STZ)诱发糖尿病.治疗组饲料及饮水中添加2%丙酮酸钠.在实验4、8、12周观察3组大鼠晶状体组织中GSH、MDA以及ATP的变化.结果:模型组与对照组比较,晶状体组织中GSH及ATP含量明显下降,MAD水平升高.而治疗组上述指标有不同程度改善.结论:丙酮酸减轻氧化应激反应,改善晶状体的能量代谢,抑制糖尿病性白内障的发生. 相似文献
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《Expert opinion on therapeutic targets》2013,17(3):617-629
Oestrogens have significant effects on different cell types important in skin physiology, including the epidermal keratinocytes, dermal fibroblasts and melanocytes. In addition, they can also modulate skin appendages such as the hair follicle, the sebaceous gland and the apocrine glands. Oestrogens may also have important modulatory roles in events such as skin ageing, pigmentation, hair growth, sebum production and skin cancer. It is now recognised that oestrogens can modulate their actions via two distinct intracellular receptors (ERα and ERβ) or via cell surface receptors, which activate specific second messenger signalling pathways. This paper highlights the effects of oestrogens on different components of the skin and reviews some of the more recent developments in terms of receptor expression and cell signalling pathways. 相似文献
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Oestrogen functions in skin and skin appendages 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Thornton MJ 《Expert opinion on therapeutic targets》2005,9(3):617-629
Oestrogens have significant effects on different cell types important in skin physiology, including the epidermal keratinocytes, dermal fibroblasts and melanocytes. In addition, they can also modulate skin appendages such as the hair follicle, the sebaceous gland and the apocrine glands. Oestrogens may also have important modulatory roles in events such as skin ageing, pigmentation, hair growth, sebum production and skin cancer. It is now recognised that oestrogens can modulate their actions via two distinct intracellular receptors (ERalpha and ERbeta) or via cell surface receptors, which activate specific second messenger signalling pathways. This paper highlights the effects of oestrogens on different components of the skin and reviews some of the more recent developments in terms of receptor expression and cell signalling pathways. 相似文献
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Moxifloxacin in uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Moxifloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which attains good penetration into peripheral tissues and inflammatory fluids. The drug shows good in vitro activity against staphylococci and streptococci. Moxifloxacin is therefore a suitable option for the treatment of uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections of bacterial origin. In clinical trials, moxifloxacin was as effective as cephalexin in the treatment of uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections in patients aged >or=18 years. Moxifloxacin 400mg once daily or cephalexin 500mg three times daily for 7 days both resulted in clinical resolution in 84% of patients during a double-blind, randomised trial in 401 patients (intent-to-treat). The main infectious agent in this study was Staphylococcus aureus. Similar results were obtained in two other randomised, double-blind trials published as abstracts. The bioavailability of moxifloxacin is substantially reduced by coadministration with antacids or iron preparations. Moxifloxacin, however, does not show pharmacokinetic interaction with theophylline or warfarin. Dosage adjustments are not required in patients with renal impairment or in patients with mild to moderate hepatic insufficiency. The most common adverse events reported during moxifloxacin treatment are gastrointestinal disturbances. The potential for photosensitivity reactions during moxifloxacin treatment is low. 相似文献
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Guay DR 《Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy》2003,4(8):1259-1275
Bacterial skin and skin structure infections (SSSIs) are among the most frequently seen infectious entities in the community setting and occasionally in the institutional setting. A wide variety of SSSIs exist, with cellulitis, impetigo and folliculitis being the most common. Most SSSIs are caused by aerobic staphylococci and streptococci, with aerobic Gram-negative bacilli and anaerobes being involved in more complicated infections. Systemic therapy with a variety of beta-lactams, macrolides and lincosamides (clindamycin) have been the cornerstone of SSSI therapy for many years. With the exception of mupirocin, topical therapy occupies a small therapeutic niche. Despite the emergence of antimicrobial resistance among the pathogens most commonly associated with SSSIs (for example, Streptococcus pyogenes and macrolides; Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin, vancomycin, penicillin and mupirocin), few treatment failures have been reported. The newest antimicrobials reviewed herein (linezolid, quinupristin/dalfopristin, gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin and moxifloxacin) are not a significant improvement upon older agents in the treatment of SSSIs. Perhaps this assessment will change if the penetrance of the antimicrobial resistance patterns described above reach a critical threshold and clinical failures become more widespread. 相似文献
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Julia A Messina Vance G Fowler Jr G Ralph Corey 《Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy》2015,16(7):1091-1098
Introduction: Inpatient treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs) exerts a significant economic burden on the healthcare system. Oritavancin is a concentration-dependent, rapid bactericidal agent approved for the treatment of ABSSSIs. Its prolonged half-life with one-time intravenous (i.v.) dosing offers a potential solution to this burden. In addition, oritavancin represents an alternative therapy for Streptococci and multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus. Animal models have also shown promising results with oritavancin for other disease states including those that require long courses of i.v. therapy.Areas covered: This review covers oritavancin’s basic chemistry, spectrum of activity, pharmacodynamics/pharmacokinetics and efficacy in clinical trials, and provides expert opinion on future directions. To compose this review, a search of PubMed was performed, and articles written in the English language were selected based on full text availability.Expert opinion: If oritavancin is proven to be a cost-effective strategy for outpatient treatment and prevents complications of prolonged i.v. therapy, it will be sought as an alternative antibiotic therapy for ABSSSIs. In addition, further clinical data demonstrating efficacy in Gram-positive infections requiring prolonged therapy such as endocarditis and osteomyelitis could support oritavancin’s success in the current market. 相似文献
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Scheinfeld N 《Expert opinion on drug safety》2004,3(6):655-665
Phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin; Dilantin), ALZA Corp.) is a highly effective and widely prescribed anticonvulsant agent used in the treatment of focal and tonic clonic generalised seizures. The side effects of phenytoin can occassionally engender significant morbidity. Phenytoin can induce generalised eruptions that include: a maculopapular exanthem, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, generalised exfoliative dermatitis, toxic epidermal necrolysis, vasculitis and fixed drug eruptions. Phenytoin is linked to a hypersensitivity syndrome that manifests with fever, rash and lymphadenopathy. Patients receiving phenytoin may develop pseudolymphoma or, rarely, malignant lymphoma and mycosis fungoides-like lesions. Rarer cutaneous side effects include drug-induced lupus, purple hand syndrome, pigmentary alterations and IgA bullous dermatosis. Phenytoin can effect clotting function and alter vitamin and mineral levels. Prenatal exposure to phenytoin may result in a spectrum of structural, developmental and behavioural changes, known as the fetal hydantoin syndrome. Patients who use phenytoin in the long-term commonly manifest with gingival hyperplasia, coarsening of the facies, and hirsutism. 相似文献
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Cultured human skin cells are a potentially useful model for skin irritancy testing. We have evaluated the effects of chemical irritants on human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) and on keratinocyte-dermal fibroblast (NHEK/DF) co-cultures. Cell viability in NHEK cultures, measured as incorporation of the vital dye neutral red (NR), was reduced in a dose-dependent manner in response to the chemical irritants tested. The half-maximal effective concentration (NR50) values correlated with irritation scores in human patch tests with these materials. Certain materials were found to be incompatible with this test system. NHEK/DF cultures were treated with ten prototype surfactants, and were evaluated for cell viability (MTT incorporation), cytotoxicity (release of the enzymes lactate dehydrogenase and N-acetyl glucosaminidase), metabolism (glucose utilization), and inflammatory mediator (prostaglandin E2) release. There was a close correlation of the dose-response characteristics for all the endpoints tested, and between the in vitro responses and human patch test scores for the surfactants tested. These results demonstrate the usefulness of human skin cell cultures and of cell viability, cytotoxicity, and inflammatory mediator release as endpoints, for the in vitro assessment of skin irritancy. 相似文献
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Hongxia Chen Shuhua Li Tian Meng Lei Zhang Taoli Dai Qi Xiang Zhijian Su Qihao Zhang Yadong Huang 《Toxicology letters》2014
In vitro alternative tests aiming at replacing the traditional animal test for predicting the irritant potential of chemicals have been developed, but the assessing parameters or endpoints are still not sufficient. To discover novel endpoints for skin irritation responses, 2DE-based proteomics was used to analyze the protein expression in human skin exposed to sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) following the test protocol of the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM) in the present study. HSP27 was up-regulated most significantly among the eight identified proteins, consistent with our previous reports. Acid and basic chemicals were applied on human skin for further validation and results showed that the up-regulated expression of HSP27 was induced in 24 h after the exposure. Skin-equivalent constructed with fibroblasts, basement membrane and keratinocytes was used to investigate the potential of HSP27 as a biomarker or additional endpoint for the hazard assessment of skin irritation. Our skin-equivalent (Reconstructed Organotypic Skin Model, ROSM) had excellent epidermal differentiation and was suitable for the skin irritation test. HSP27 also displayed an up-regulated expression in the ROSM in 24 h after the irritants exposure for 15 min. All these results suggest that HSP27 may represent a potential marker or additional endpoint for the hazard assessment of skin irritation caused by chemical products. 相似文献