双胞胎居民不同时段的血压趋势和遗传度分析

目的：通过双胞胎资料研究人群不同时段血压的波动趋势和遗传度。方法：采用统一的调查表收集双生子的人口学及各种环境因素和职业暴露情况,用水银柱式血压计测量4个不同时段的血压。结果：对血压值经经典的Holziger方法进行血压的遗传度分析,不同时优的血压的遗传度是有差别的。收缩压在中乖遗传度为最高（0．97）,舒张压下乖为最高（0．76）,不同性别的收缩压随时间的回归分析显示相同的波动趋势,即早晨最低,上午升高,下午升高到最高点,晚上下降。但舒张压是早晨较低,中午最低,下午最高,晚上下降,且不同性别也表现出相同的变动趋势。结论：不同时段的血压的遗传度是不同的。     

遗传因素对儿童血压的影响

本文测量分析了110对同性别7～12岁双生儿童的血压,采用两种方法估计遗传度。结果发现:儿童血压的遗传度较低,HoLzinger 法估计收缩压和舒张压的遗传度分别为0.41和0.51,Chri-stian 法估计二者的遗传度分别为0.35和0.32。这一结果强调,环境因素对儿童血压的变异起着重要作用。     

高校招生体检男生体质量指数与血压水平分析

［摘要］ 目的探讨体质量指数与血压水平的关系。方法在高校招生体检中收集９２名男生的身高、体 质量、收缩压、舒张压等体检资料并进行统计分析。结果体质量超标肥胖组的收缩压显著高于正常体质量组, 正常体质量组的收缩压显著高于消瘦组（P＜０．０５）,体质量指数与收缩压之间呈显著正相关（P＜０．０１）,但体质量 指数与舒张压之间没有显著的相关性（P＞０．０５）。结论体质量指数与血压关系密切,青年男生体质量指数与 收缩压呈显著正相关。     

非洛地平缓释片对老年糖尿病并高血压的治疗效果

目的 探讨非洛地平缓释片每日１次对老年糖尿病并轻一中度高血压的治疗效果。方法 选取５４例老年糖尿病患（舒张压９５￣１１５ｍｍＨｇ）,在血糖得到良好控制下,以非洛地平缓释片单一治疗６个月。结果 治疗６个月后,病人平均血压下降２８．１／１８．０ｍｍＨｇ（Ｐ〈０．００１）,总有效率９２．４％,２４小时平均动脉血压下降２２．１／１４．７ｍｍＨｇ（Ｐ〈０．００１）,收缩压／舒压的谷峰比值分别为６０．４％和     

高血压

正常血压为收缩压≤140mmHg（18．6kpa），舒张压≤90mmHg（12kpa），收缩压≥160mmHg（21．3kpa）和（或）舒张压≥95mmHg（12．6kpa），称为高血压。当血压值在上述二者之间，称为临界高血压。[第一段]     

高血压患者脑血管功能积分与动态血压 参数特点相关性研究

摘要：目的　观察高血压患者脑血管功能积分与２４ｈ动态血压参数特征,探讨高血压患者脑卒中风险的影 响因素。方法　选取２０１６年１月至２０１７年１１月在重庆市人民医院健康管理（体检） 中心进行体检的３２８ 例患者进行分析,根据脑血管积分值分为非高危组（≥７５分）和高危组（＜７５分）,比较两组患者动态血 压参数差异,分析其与脑血管功能积分异常的相关性。结果　高血压患者平均脑血管功能积分为（８４．４８± １６．４８）分,异常率２６．８３％。非高危组脑血管功能积分（９３．０２±７．０２） 分, 高危组脑血管功能积分为 （６１．１８±１１．５０）分,差异有统计学意义（狋＝１５．１５１,犘＜０．０１）。高危组２４ｈ收缩压、２４ｈ舒张压、白天 收缩压、白天舒张压、夜间收缩压、夜间舒张压、白天收缩压变异系数、２４ｈ收缩压负荷、白天收缩压负 荷、白天舒张压负荷、夜间收缩压负荷、夜间舒张压负荷、清晨收缩压、清晨舒张压、清晨高血压比例、 动态动脉硬化指数（ＡＡＳＩ）较非高危组增高,差异有统计学意义（犘＜０．０５）。多因素ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析显 示,ＡＡＳＩ是脑血管功能积分异常的独立危险因素［犗犚＝３．１６,９５％犆犐（１．６８～５．９４）,犘＜０．０１］。结论 　动态血压参数变化与脑血管积分异常相关,对高血压患者行动态血压监测及参数分析有利于早期识别靶 器官损害,预警脑卒中风险,其中ＡＡＳＩ可作为重点监测指标。 关键词：高血压;脑卒中;脑血管功能;动态血压监测 中图分类号：Ｒ７４３　　文献标识码：Ａ　　文章编号：１００９ ６６３９ （２０１９）０２ ０１１８ ０６     

东亚人群血压与心力衰竭的因果关联研究:两样本双向孟德尔随机化分析

目的 利用两样本双向孟德尔随机化（MR）研究设计,探究东亚人群中三种血压指标与心力衰竭风险的关联。方法 从发表的全基因组关联研究（GWAS）中提取汇总数据进行分析,收缩压和舒张压的遗传工具变量来自韩国基因组与流行病学研究,脉压的遗传工具变量来自日本生物银行,心力衰竭的遗传工具变量来自一项包含五个日本队列的GWAS研究。采用单变量MR、双向MR和多变量MR方法分析三种血压指标与心力衰竭风险的关联。 结果 逆方差加权法显示收缩压（每升高1 mm Hg,OR=1.52; 95% CI: 1.25~1.84）、舒张压（1.62; 1.34~1.95）和脉压（1.85; 1.27~2.69）升高均可能增加患心力衰竭的风险,而心力衰竭对三种血压指标没有潜在的因果影响（P＞0.05）。多变量分析显示脉压经调整收缩压（1.25; 0.77~2.05）或舒张压（1.46; 0.95~2.23）后与心力衰竭风险没有显著关联。结论 在东亚人群中血压对心力衰竭可能存在单向的因果关联,脉压对心力衰竭风险不存在独立于收缩压和舒张压的直接效应。     

双生子人群的代谢综合征相关指标的遗传度分析

目的 探讨双生子人群血压水平、体质指数(BMl)、空腹血糖水平和各项血脂指标(总胆固醇、甘油三酯和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇)的遗传度。方法 对山东威海和浙江丽水双生子登记系统注册的双生子，在卵性鉴定的基础上，以组内相关系数法研究代谢综合征相关指标的遗传度。结果 本次调查双生子共260对，甘油三酯单卵和异卵双胞胎对内方差齐性检验差异无显著性，血糖、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、收缩压、舒张压、体质指数异卵双生子对内变异大于同卵双生子。估计遗传度h^2分别为，血糖：0．47，总胆固醇：0．34，甘油三酯：0．17，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇：0．26，收缩压：0．78，舒张压：0．67，体质指数：0．64。调整年龄和性别后，遗传度h^2分别是，血糖：0．56，总胆固醇：0．37，甘油三酯：0．18，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇：0．24，收缩压：0．96，舒张压：0．76，体质指数：0．88。结论 在代谢综合征相关性状中，血糖、收缩压、舒张压、体质指数可能受遗传因素的影响大于环境因素，而总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度蛋白胆固醇受遗传影响相对较小。     

高血压病患者血压昼夜节律异常与心率变异减低的关系

目的：探讨高血压２血压昼夜节律异常与心率变异（ＨＲＶ）减低之间的关系。方法：按ＷＨ标准选择高血压病患者７０例,同期分别作动态血压监测及动态心电图ＨＲＶ分析。结果：血压昼夜节律消失组（Ａ组）较血压昼夜节律正常级（Ｂ组）夜间收缩压（ＳＢＰ）、夜间舒张压（ＤＢＰ）、２４ｈ平均ＳＢＰ、２４ｈ平均ＤＢＰ分别增高１５ｍｍｇ（Ｐ〈０．０１）、６ｍｍＨｇ（Ｐ〈０．０１）、８ｍｍＨｇ（Ｐ〈０．０１）、６ｍｍＨｇ（Ｐ     

儿童肥胖症与血压的关系

目的：探讨肥胖儿童的血压情况，以及几种肥胖评价方法（体块指数、皮脂厚度，肥胖度）与血压的相关关系。方法：对494名7－13岁学生的体检资料统计分析，结果：肥胖儿童血压明显高于正常儿童（P＜0．01），男女肥胖儿童血压比较，差异无显性（P＞0．05）。体块指数。皮脂厚度，肥胖度与血压均有相关性（P＜0．001）,r在0．3－0．5范围，为低、中度正相关，收缩压相关性高于舒张压，女性高于男性，结论：肥胖儿童血压虽在正常范围，但明显高于正常儿童，且肥胖越严重儿童血压值越高提示预防成人高血压应从预防儿童肥胖抓起。     

Extension of variance components approach to incorporate temporal trends and longitudinal pedigree data analysis

Here we present a method that permits one to evaluate genetic effects and to detect genetic linkages by using serial observations of quantitative traits in pedigrees. We developed a statistical method that incorporates longitudinal family data and genetic marker information into an estimating equations framework. With this approach, we can study changes in components over time that measure polygenic and major genetic variances as well as shared and individual-specific environmental effects. Our method provides a measure of heritability from analysis of longitudinal data. Results using longitudinal family data from the Center for Preventive Medicine (Nancy, France) are presented. The results of our analysis show that the apolipoprotein E locus has no effect on interindividual variability in systolic blood pressure. We found that the longitudinal measure of heritability of systolic blood pressure is 0.32.     

Heritability estimation of dichotomous phenotypes using a liability threshold model on ascertained family-based samples

Numerous methods for estimating heritability have been proposed; however, unlike quantitative phenotypes, heritability estimation for dichotomous phenotypes is computationally and statistically complex, and the use of heritability is infrequent. In this study, we developed a statistical method to estimate heritability of dichotomous phenotypes using a liability threshold model in the context of ascertained family-based samples. This model assumes that dichotomous phenotypes are determined by unobserved latent variables that are normally distributed and can be applied to general pedigree data. The proposed methods were applied to simulated data and Korean type-2 diabetes family-based samples, and the accuracy of the estimates provided by the experimental methods was compared with that of the established methods.     

血压的遗传流行病学研究

利用双胞胎模型和通径分析方法,不同亲属间血压有显著相关说明血压存在着家庭聚集现象,相关系数随血缘关系的增强而增加,提示遗传变异的存在。根据通径分析方法得到收缩压(SBP)的遗传度为0.41,舒张压(DBP)的遗传度为0.43,定量地说明了遗传因素作用的大小,为进一步理解血压的本质和对高血压的防治提供了有用的资料。     

Genetic variance of blood pressure levels in infant twins

A cohort of 166 twin pairs (67 monozygotic and 99 dizygotic) born at the Jackson Memorial Hospital/University of Miami Medical Center between July 1, 1976 and December 31, 1980, was followed from birth to one year of age in order to estimate the genetic variance of blood pressure during the first year of life. The sex-adjusted summary estimate of heritability for systolic blood pressure during all of infancy was 0.22 (p less than 0.001), but statistically significant genetic variance was not found for diastolic blood pressure. When using blood pressures from six to 12 months of age, adjusted for infant sex, heritability was estimated as 0.33 (p less than 0.001) for systolic blood pressure and 0.24 (p = 0.04) for diastolic blood pressure; adjustment for body weight reduced these estimates to 0.27 (p less than 0.001) and 0.17 (p = 0.13), respectively.     

A new model for the resolution of cultural and biological inheritance in the presence of temporal trends: application to systolic blood pressure

A contemporary path model for the resolution of cultural and biological inheritance is extended to incorporate temporal variation in family resemblance. Specifically, the genetic and environmental effects, like all other parameters of the model, are allowed to vary over an individual's age according to some specific mathematical functions. In the computer program BETREND a library of such functions is incorporated. Data on systolic blood pressure in 542 Japanese-American nuclear families were analyzed. This new methodology detected significant temporal variation in cultural inheritance, a result that was not found previously by using static models which could only distinguish between adult and childhood heritabilities. Cultural heritability, estimated to be 10% at birth, increases to a maximum of 28% at age 36, at which time it declines until it eventually reaches 10% at age 49. Although not statistically significant, there was some evidence for temporal trends in genetic heritability as well. Ignoring trends, the genetic heritability was estimated as .30. On the other hand, trends in sibling environment were clearly nonsignificant. This model provides an objective method of testing the significance of temporal trends in familial resemblance by using multifactorial models, of resolving varying gene expression and transient environmental effects as possible sources of generating the observed temporal variation, and of estimating continuous changes in heritability with age.     

我国中年知识分子高血压易患因素的流行病学研究

本文报告了对天津大学中年知识分子进行的高血压流行病学研究结果。本研究表明高血压遗传力为62%,并发现遗传方式与性别有一定联系。亲代血压状况间存在着显著性正相关,共同生活环境可能是家庭聚集性的原因之一,表明环境因素在成年后的高血压发生上仍起重要作用。
血压与QI之间存在显著性正相关,父母体型与子代QI之间却无显著性相关,并且未发现高血压家族史与QI的交互作用,这表明肥胖主要是由环境因素所致。因此通过饮食降低体重来控制血压是可行的。     

Heritability of blood pressure in 7- to 12-year-old Chinese twins, with special reference to body size effects

Systolic and diastolic blood pressures and body-size indices such as body height, body weight, sitting height, chest circumference, skinfold thickness, and body mass index (BMI) were assessed in 110 pairs of like-sex Chinese twins (75 monozygotic and 35 dizygotic) aged 7-12 years. Significant correlations of blood pressure with body-size indices were found. Prior to adjusting for body-size effects, three twin methods yielded low heritability estimates for both systolic (0.32-0.41) and diastolic (0.32-0.51) pressures. Adjusting systolic pressure for body height and BMI via multiple regression nearly halved heritability estimates, but adjusting diastolic pressure for body height and skinfold thickness only changed the estimates slightly.