替格瑞洛和氯吡格雷在接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征患者中有效性和安全性的比较研究

目的 比较替格瑞洛和氯吡格雷在接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征(NSTE-ACS)患者中的有效性和安全性。方法 单中心、回顾性研究。连续纳入2018年1月至2018年12月接受PCI治疗的NSTE-ACS患者7 417例。所有患者均接受双联抗血小板治疗(DAPT),将患者分为替格瑞洛组(1 665例)和氯吡格雷组(5 752例)。随访比较两组患者的主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCEs)和心肌梗死溶栓(TIMI)出血事件的发生风险。结果 经过倾向性评分匹配分析后,替格瑞洛组的MACCEs发生率显著低于氯吡格雷组(4.9%比6.5%,HR=0.71,95%CI:0.50～0.97,P=0.043)。其中,全因死亡、心原性死亡和再次血运重建的发生率低于氯吡格雷组(均为P<0.05)。替格瑞洛组的TIMI总体出血事件发生率显著高于氯吡格雷组(6.7%比4.7%,HR=1.84,95%CI:1.28～2.50,P=0.017)。结论 在接受PCI治疗的NSTE-ACS患者中,与氯吡格雷相比,替格瑞洛可降低MACCEs的发生风险,但增加小出血风险。     

替格瑞洛对中高危老年非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征患者直接冠状动脉介入的有效性及安全性

目的探讨替格瑞洛对中高危老年非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征(NSTE-ACS)患者直接冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的有效性和安全性。方法中高危老年NSTE-ACS行直接PCI的患者,分别应用替格瑞洛或氯吡格雷预防心血管血栓事件。观察两组30 d心血管事件及出血等不良反应情况。结果替格瑞洛组的主要终点事件发生率显著低于氯吡格雷组。替格瑞洛组血管原因死亡率、再发心肌梗死发生率、复发严重心肌缺血发生率、脑卒中、冠脉支架血栓形成发生率显著低于氯吡格雷组,两组的主要出血发生率无差异。结论中高危老年NSTE-ACS行直接PCI患者中,与氯吡格雷比,替格瑞洛可显著降低30 d内血管原因死亡率、心肌梗死或脑卒中发生率,同时不增加总体主要出血发生率。     

低剂量替格瑞洛在冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞性病变PCI后抗血小板治疗的有效性及安全性研究

目的比较小剂量替格瑞洛(120 mg负荷量,序贯60 mg 2/d,口服)与常规剂量氯吡格雷(300 mg负荷量,序贯75 mg 1/d,口服)在冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞性病变(CTO)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后抗血小板治疗的有效性与安全性。方法研究共入选357例成功接受PCI的CTO患者,随机分为两组:接受小剂量替格瑞洛组175例和接受氯吡格雷治疗组182例,详细记录患者住院期间及随访1年的主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE)与出血事件。结果低剂量替格瑞洛组在住院期间MACCE与标准剂量氯吡格雷组无显著差异(2.3%vs.4.4%,P=0.381)。住院期间低剂量替格瑞洛组小出血风险显著低于标准剂量氯吡格雷组(2.3%vs.7.7%,P=0.027),大出血方面均无显著差异(0.6%vs.0.5%,P=1.00)。随访至1年,低剂量替格瑞洛组MACCE显著低于标准剂量氯吡格雷组(2.3%vs.7.1%,P=0.045),其中靶血管再次血运重建(TVR)比例显著低于标准剂量氯吡格雷组(5.1%vs.11.5%,P=0.035)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示低剂量替格瑞洛组1年无MACCE生存率显著高于标准剂量氯吡格雷组(P=0.005)。随访至1年,低剂量替格瑞洛组小出血风险显著低于标准剂量氯吡格雷组(4.6%vs.11.0%,P=0.030),大出血方面均无显著差异(1.1%vs.2.2%,P=0.685)。结论中国人CTO患者PCI后接受小剂量替格瑞洛较常规剂量氯吡格雷,可显著降低TVR和复合MACCE事件,同时降低小出血风险。     

替格瑞洛对老年急性心肌梗死患者血小板功能及临床预后的影响

目的:探索替格瑞洛联合阿司匹林对老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者血小板功能及临床预后的影响。方法:纳入2013年10月至2014年10月期间在我院就诊的老年(≥65岁)AMI患者200例,随机分为氯吡格雷组(n=101)和替格瑞洛组(n=99),分别给予负荷量阿司匹林300 mg+氯吡格雷600 mg或阿司匹林300 mg+替格瑞洛180 mg,次日起改为维持剂量阿司匹林100 mg/d和氯吡格雷75 mg/d或替格瑞洛180 mg/d,用药前及用药后1、6和12个月分别检测血小板反应指数(PRI),观察主要不良心血管事件(MACE)和心肌梗死溶栓治疗(TIMI)出血事件。结果:共有196例患者完成随访,两组治疗前PRI无统计学差异;PCI术后6个月和12个月时两组PRI均较治疗前分别下降(P0.05);与氯吡格雷组比较,替格瑞洛组在6个月和12个月时PRI降低更加明显(P0.01);随访1年时,替格瑞洛组MACE发生率明显低于氯吡格雷组(9.2%对12.9%,P=0.01);两组TIMI出血事件发生率无差别(氯吡格雷组9.6%对替格瑞洛组10.3%,P0.05)。结论:与氯吡格雷相比,老年AMI患者服用替格瑞洛可进一步降低MACE事件,而不增加出血风险。     

急性冠状动脉综合征合并2型糖尿病患者冠状动脉介入术后替格瑞洛与氯吡格雷抗血小板疗效及预后

目的应用血栓弹力图(TEG)评价替格瑞洛与氯吡格雷在急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)合并糖尿病患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后抗血小板的疗效及预后。方法纳入ACS合并糖尿病行PCI术的患者180例。随机分为两组,氯吡格雷组(n=92)术前接受负荷量阿司匹林300 mg+氯吡格雷300 mg,术后给予阿司匹林100mg/d,氯吡格雷75 mg/d;替格瑞洛组(n=88)术前接受负荷量阿司匹林300 mg+替格瑞洛180 mg,术后给予阿司匹林100 mg/d,替格瑞洛90 mg,每天两次。血栓弹力图检测两组患者PCI术后24 h花生四烯酸(AA)诱导的血小板抑制率和二磷酸腺苷(ADP)诱导的血小板抑制率,观察并比较两组3个月内不良心血管事件及出血等安全性事件。结果替格瑞洛组ADP激活血小板形成最大血凝块强度(MA-ADP),低于氯吡格雷组(34.94%±11.91%比47.16%±14.90%,P0.001)。血小板AA抑制率、ADP抑制率替格瑞洛组明显高于氯吡格雷组(68.24%±22.96%比48.21%±32.91%,58.16%±23.52%比33.34%±26.67%,P0.001)。结论 ACS合并2型糖尿病患者中,替格瑞洛抗血小板聚集的效果明显优于氯吡格雷,可显著降低3个月内心血管终点事件的发生率,不增加出血风险。     

老年患者服用不同剂量氯吡格雷、替格瑞洛的反应性及安全性分析

目的:观察老年患者服用不同剂量氯吡格雷或替格瑞洛的反应性及出血事件的发生。方法:入选2018年1月—2020年1月在北京大学第一医院老年科住院并服用不同剂量氯吡格雷或替格瑞洛的老年患者296例。用光比浊法检测二磷酸腺苷诱导的血小板聚集率(ADP-Ag),观察氯吡格雷或替格瑞洛不同剂量组ADP-Ag水平及影响因素,并观察12个月内的出血情况。结果:服用氯吡格雷75 mg/d和≤50 mg/d的患者ADP-Ag分别为(42.96±14.20)%和(45.27±14.18)%,组间差异无统计学意义;服用替格瑞洛180 mg/d和≤135 mg/d患者的ADP-Ag分别为(24.17±10.65)%和(25.99±8.84)%,替格瑞洛组ADP-Ag水平低于氯吡格雷组(P<0.05)。氯吡格雷75 mg/d和≤50 mg/d患者ADP-Ag>46%的比例分别为43.54%和42.31%,服用替格瑞洛的患者ADP-Ag均<46%,服用替格瑞洛180 mg/d和≤135 mg/d的患者ADP-Ag<19%的分别占31.25%和15.56%,高于氯吡格雷75 mg/d(4.7...     

氯吡格雷与替格瑞洛治疗急性冠状动脉综合征合并慢性阻塞性肺病的疗效及安全性比较

目的对比分析急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)合并慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)患者使用替格瑞洛与氯吡格雷的临床疗效及安全性。方法纳入2013年1月1日至2014年10月1日入住山西医科大学第二医院诊断为ACS合并COPD的患者73例,随机分为替格瑞洛组(38例)和氯吡格雷组(35例)。替格瑞洛组使用替格瑞洛联合阿司匹林规律抗血小板聚集治疗。氯吡格雷组使用氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林抗血小板聚集治疗。随访1年,观察两组患者主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE,包括心原性死亡、再发心肌梗死、缺血性脑卒中)以及全因死亡事件。结果两组患者心原性死亡、缺血性脑卒中、再发心肌梗死、全因死亡、小出血、轻微出血、停用药物(替格瑞洛或氯吡格雷)等比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05);替格瑞洛组患者MACCE发生率(5.3%比25.7%,P=0.04)显著低于氯吡格雷组,差异有统计学意义;而呼吸困难发生率(26.3%比5.7%,P=0.04)显著高于氯吡格雷组,差异亦有统计学意义,但除替格瑞洛组1例患者因呼吸困难而停药后症状自行消失,其余均为一过性轻度呼吸困难。结论阿司匹林联合替格瑞洛可显著减少ACS合并COPD患者的MACCE发生率,而不增加出血风险;虽然增加了呼吸困难的发生,但绝大部分为一过性或轻-中度呼吸困难,并未影响心肺功能。     

替格瑞洛改善NSTE-ACS患者PCI术后氯吡格雷抵抗的研究

目的通过血栓弹力图评价替格瑞洛治疗非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征(NSTE-ACS)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后氯吡格雷抵抗的疗效和安全性。方法陕西中医药大学第二附属医院心内科PCI术后经血栓弹力图证实存在氯吡格雷抵抗(规律服用氯吡格雷的情况下血栓弹力图检测腺苷二磷酸诱导的血小板抑制率30%)的120例NSTE-ACS患者,按照随机数字表随机分为氯吡格雷强化组(150 mg,1/d)和替格瑞洛组(90 mg,2/d)各60例,连续治疗后于第5 d和1月后复查血栓弹力图,对比两组腺苷二磷酸(ADP)诱导的血小板抑制率的变化;患者随访3个月,比较两组不良反应和主要不良心脏事件(MACE)发生率。结果两组患者在年龄、性别比例、合并症等基线资料比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);两组第5 d和1月ADP诱导的血小板抑制率均较调整用药前升高(P0.05);与氯吡格雷强化组比较,替格瑞洛组ADP诱导的血小板抑制率升高更明显(P0.05)。3个月后两组患者均无严重出血事件,氯吡格雷强化组4例轻微出血,替格瑞洛组7例轻微出血和4例轻度呼吸困难,两组差异无统计学意义(P0.05);氯吡格雷强化组5例MACE,替格瑞洛组仅2例,替格瑞洛有降低MACE事件发生率趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论氯吡格雷高剂量和替格瑞洛常规剂量均能降低血小板反应性,但替格瑞洛改善氯吡格雷抵抗更显著,且有减少MACE发生的趋势。     

复杂冠状动脉病变介入治疗患者应用替格瑞洛的临床疗效观察

目的评价复杂冠状动脉病变PCI患者应用替格瑞洛的有效性及安全性。方法选择2013年2月~2015年8月在我院心内科住院的复杂冠状动脉病变PCI患者204例,冠状动脉造影后随机分为替格瑞洛组98例和氯吡格雷组106例。替格瑞洛组术前给予替格瑞洛负荷剂量180mg口服,术后维持剂量90mg口服,2次/d;氯吡格雷组术前给予氯吡格雷负荷剂量300mg口服,术后维持剂量75mg口服,1次/d。观察术后12个月主要不良心血管事件(MACE),包括支架内血栓形成、再发心绞痛、再发心肌梗死和再次血运重建;安全性终点包括TIMI出血事件以及呼吸困难发生率。结果随访12个月,替格瑞洛组MACE发生率低于氯吡格雷组,但差异无统计学意义(14.3%vs 21.7%,P=0.170)。替格瑞洛组再发心肌梗死及支架内血栓形成发生率明显低于氯吡格雷组(1.0%vs6.6%,P=0.039;0vs 4.7%,P=0.029),呼吸困难发生率明显高于氯吡格雷组(6.1%vs 0.9%,P=0.042)。替格瑞洛组出血事件发生率较氯吡格雷组高,但差异无统计学意义(P=0.367)。结论复杂冠状动脉病变PCI患者应用替格瑞洛获益明显,与氯吡格雷比较进一步降低MACE,不增加出血风险,但呼吸困难发生率较高。     

替格瑞洛在急诊PCI术中应用的疗效及安全性观察

目的探讨替格瑞洛在急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术中应用的疗效及安全性。方法2013年1月至2014年3月在我院诊断为急性心肌梗死并急诊行PCI术的患者共192例,随机分为替格瑞洛组(n=105)和氯吡格雷组(n=87),对两组患者的临床资料进行统计学分析,对比住院期间及随访3月不稳定性心绞痛、心肌梗死、死亡等主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE)发生率及出血、呼吸困难等不良事件发生率。结果两组的基本情况无统计学差异(P0.05);术后随访3个月发现MACCE事件发生率替格瑞洛组明显低于氯吡格雷组(P0.05),出血发生率两组无统计学差异(P0.05);氯吡格雷组中有6例再发急性冠脉综合征(ACS),均再次行PCI干预,改用替格瑞洛术前负荷剂量180 mg,术后90 mg2/日,分别于术前及后24 h查血栓弹力图,结果显示ADP抑制率及ADP诱导的血小板-纤维蛋白凝块强度(MAADP)应用替格瑞洛后均优于应用替格瑞洛前(P0.05)。结论替格瑞洛较氯吡格雷在我国人群急诊PCI术中具有更好的疗效及安全性。     

Grading the angiographic extent of collateral filling

Angiography frequently demonstrates a collateral circulation in severe coronary artery disease. An easily applicable method to quantify collateral flow might be a useful adjunct for the assessment of the hemodynamic effects of coronary artery disease. The purpose of this study was to validate a visual scaling of the extent of angiographic collateral filling by comparison with flowmeter- and microsphere-derived measurements of collateral flow. In 12 open-chest dogs, collaterals from the circumflex artery were angiographically visualized (n = 80) by creating acute critical left anterior descending artery occlusion. The extent of collateral filling was graded in four levels from 0 = no visible filling to 3 = complete epicardial filling. Collateral filling correlated with the change in flow of the collateral supplying circumflex artery (Q; r = 0.84) which was + 5.3 ±4.6% with grade 1, + 9.1 ±3.5% with grade 2 and + 14.6 ±4.7% with grade 3 (p < 0.01). In parallel, coronary flow reserve decreased from 4.1 ±0.8 with grade 0 to 2.9 ±0.2 with grade 3 (p < 0.01). Colored microspheres were injected subselectively into the circumflex artery of 9 dogs (45 injections). The ratio of microspheres counted in the collateralized myocardium of the left anterior descending artery to the total number injected increased from 0.6 ±0.9% for grade 0 to 17.1 ±2.8% with grade 3 (p < 0.01). Absolute collateral flow derived from microsphere counts averaged 5.5 ±0.9 ml/min with grade 3 and closely correlated with collateral filling grade (r = 0.88). Semiquantitative grading of angiographic collateral filling in response to acute coronary occlusion in a canine model correlates with an increase in collateral source artery flow, absolute collateral flow and a decrease in source artery flow reserve. These data suggest that this scale might be a simple but useful adjunct tool to assess the hemodynamic significance of a collateral circulation.This work was supported by a grant from the NLHBI 1 R01 HL40865. Dr. Schuhlen is the recipient of a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (#Schu657/1-1 and 1–2).     

Provisional T-stenting and kissing balloon in the treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions: results of the French multicenter "TULIPE" study.

BACKGROUND: In previous prospective studies, a strategy of (a) stenting of the main branch, (b) provisional T-stenting of the side branch, and (c) final kissing balloon inflation, was associated with high success and low target lesion revascularization (TLR) rates on the long-term. OBJECTIVES: To examine the performance of this strategy in a multicenter study. METHODS: Consecutive patients were treated at 14 French medical centers for de novo coronary bifurcation lesions with the same technique used. Immediate results and clinically-driven TLR at 7 months were examined. RESULTS: The mean reference diameters of the main and side branches were 3.2 +/- 0.6 mm and 2.4 +/- 0.5 mm, respectively. The side branch was stented in 34% of patients. A <30% residual stenosis in the main branch was achieved in 99%, <50% in the side branch in 90%, and both in 89% of procedures. The in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular event were a Q-wave and 5 non-Qwaves MI (0.54% and 2.7%). At 7 months of follow-up, 3 patients (1.76%) had died, 1 suffered a non-Q-wave MI (0.59%), and 28 (15.88%) underwent TLR. By multivariate analysis, a lower left ventricular ejection fraction (OR: 0.934), moderate calcifications (OR: 7.86), and non-use of the "jailed" wire technique (OR: 4.26) were associated with reinterventions during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: A strategy of provisional T-stenting with a tubular stent and final kissing balloon angioplasty for the treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions was safe and associated with a low TLR rate at 7 months. This strategy should be applicable to the new era of drug eluting stents.     

Embolization complicating coronary angioplasty in the presence of an intracoronary thrombus

Two cases of coronary occlusion and subsequent embolization during percutaneous coronary angioplasty (PTCA) are described. Prior to PTCA, angiographic evidence of intracoronary thrombus was present. Abrupt reclosure after dilation was treated by successful redilation. However, coronary embolization of thrombus debris occurred downstream in one patient and into an adjacent coronary branch in the second patient.     

Angiographic demonstration of coronary sinus thrombosis: A potential consequence of trauma to the coronary sinus

Abnormalities of the coronary sinus are rarely encountered. A case is presented demonstrating for the first time the angiographic appearance of coronary sinus thrombosis. This may have been the result of surgical trauma during mitral valve replacement or inadvertent cannulation of the coronary sinus during right heart catheterization or pacemaker insertion. Although the clinical significance of coronary sinus thrombosis is uncertain, obstruction of coronary sinus blood flow should not be deleterious because of multiple anastomoses between the coronary sinus system and the anterior cardiac veins. Difficulty in cannulating the coronary sinus for physiologic studies should suggest the possibility of coronary sinus thrombosis, especially in patients who have undergone mitral valve replacement. This may be confirmed by observing the venous phase of selective left coronary arteriography. Finally, coronary sinus thrombosis may be important as a source of pulmonary emboli. The prevalence of this serious complication requires further study.     

Treatment of ruptured coronary aneurysm with a novel covered stent

Coronary artery aneurysms are relatively rare but have been diagnosed with increasing frequency since the advent of coronary arteriography. Their reported incidence varies from 1.5% to 5% with male dominance and a predilection for the right coronary artery (RCA), accounting for over 40% of all cases. The most common etiology amongst adults remains atherosclerosis accounting for 50% of coronary aneurysms. We describe the first use of a novel flexible pericardium covered stent for successful treatment of a ruptured coronary aneurysm in 76 year old lady. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Concept of the homemade coronary stent: Experimental results and initial clinical experience

To defray the escalating cost of coronary stenting, we handmade a balloon expandable coil stent with stainless steel wire. Preliminary comparison with the Palmaz-Schatz stent showed that, when implanted in porcine illac arteries, there was no difference in immediate angiographic results or in the degree of foreign body reaction at 6 wk. Subsequently, a total of 73 stents were implanted in 52 patients, either as a bailout device (54%) or for suboptimal angiographic results (46%). All but two implantations were successful. The postprocedural regimen consisted of heparin 1,000 IU/hr, aspirin 250 mg daily, and ticlopidine 500 mg daily. In-hospital complications were limited to two groin hematomas, one necessitating blood transfusion. Importantly, stent thrombosis was not observed. While 6-mo follow-up is pending, we already conclude that a balloon expandable coil stent can be handmade easily at low cost and implanted safely in patients. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Terminology and anatomy of angulated coronary arteriography

Angulated views in coronary arteriography have been increasingly utilized because of their superiority in demonstrating lesions not well seen in standard right and left oblique projections. The importance of these angulated views has been repeatedly demonstrated. It is the purpose of this article to review some basic coronary anatomy angulation terminology, and then to describe the particular advantages of the angulated views in coronary arteriography. Illustrations of these particular views of both coronary systems will be provided.     

Nonatherosclerotic causes of coronary artery narrowing—Part II

Part II of this three-part article on nonatherosclerotic causes of coronary heart disease focuses on myocardial bridges, coronary artery aneurysms, emboli, coronary dissection, and spasm as causes of luminal narrowing.     

Coronary artery-left ventricular communications: A report of two cases and review of the literature

Two patients with chest pain had angiographically-demonstrated communications between the three coronary arteries and the left ventricular chamber. Communications between coronary arteries and the left ventricle are unusual and communications between all three coronary arteries and the left ventricle are rare. These anomalies are, however, commonly associated with symptoms of chest pain. The presence of left ventricular hypertrophy and a widened pulse pressure may suggest a greater hemo-dynamic effect of the shunt flow than often suspected angiographically.     

Association of coronary calcification with obstructive disease in coronary arteries in Indian patients

A total of 1150 consecutive patients (1052 males and 98 females; age 51.2 +/- 10.1 years) with suspected coronary artery disease (Group I) were subjected to fluoroscopy for detection of coronary artery calcification (CAC) and coronary angiography. Another group (Group II) of 120 patients (95 males and 25 females; age 51.4 +/- 9.4 years) catheterized for cardiac diseases other than coronary artery disease (CAD) were subjected to the same protocol of fluoroscopy and coronary angiography to exclude incidental CAD in view of their age. CAC was present in 240 patients (20.0%) in Group I. Of these, 200 (83.4%) had triple-vessel disease (TVD); 20 (8.3%) had double-vessel disease (DVD); 19 (7.9%) had single-vessel disease (SVD); and 37 (15.4%) patients had left main coronary disease (LMCAD). Only one of these patients had insignificant CAD considered as "normal" coronary arteries (NC). Incidence of LMCAD, TVD, DVD, SVD, and NC in patients without CAC was 4.4%, 56.3%, 18.2%, 14.0%, and 11.5%, respectively. Incidence of CAC in patients with LMCAD, TVD, DVD, SVD, and NC was 48.1%, 28.1%, 10.8%, 13.0%, and 1.0% respectively. In Group II (n = 120), 24 patients (20%) had CAD, CAC was present in 5 patients with CAD (20.9%), and in two patients without CAD (2%). CAC is relatively uncommon in Indian CAD patients. Its presence, however, indicates severe multivessel disease.