钛种植体表面载银抗菌涂层研究进展

种植体周围细菌黏附、聚集引起的种植体周围炎是种植修复失败的主要原因之一。提高种植体的抗菌性,抑制其表面细菌的黏附和杀灭周围细菌是关键。现就钛种植体表面载银抗菌涂层的研究进展做一综述。     

钛表面修饰抗菌特性的研究进展

钛具有良好的生物相容性,作为医用材料广泛应用于口腔修复及整形外科种植体等,但钛表面细菌的聚集和粘附,易导致修复体、种植体等周围组织的炎症,是导致种植体失败的主要原因之一。本文就钛表面抗菌改性的研究进展作一综述。     

局部载药涂层预防种植体周围感染的研究进展

种植体周围感染是导致种植失败的重要原因之一,种植体表面菌斑生物膜的形成在种植体周围感染的发生、发展中起着重要的作用.大量研究表明,通过表面抗菌改性技术可有效控制致病菌的黏附和聚集,从而预防或治疗种植体周围感染.目前关于钛种植体表面抗菌改性研究中,局部载药涂层因全身毒副作用小、抗菌活性强等优势而备受关注.本文将就局部载药涂层预防种植体周围感染的相关研究中药物载体与抗菌剂的选择做一综述.     

抗菌钛合金在口腔医学中应用研究进展

广泛应用于口腔医学领域的钛合金,由于长期处于复杂微生物环境中,材料表面易形成细菌生物膜,影响其使用效率和寿命。抗菌钛合金是一种通过表面改性或整体改性的方法添加了抗菌剂的新型钛合金。根据抗菌剂在钛合金材料中分布的位置,抗菌钛合金分为涂层型和合金型。涂层型抗菌钛合金的抗菌效果良好,但缺点是涂层大多不耐磨;合金型抗菌钛合金的抗菌剂一般为金属元素,可在合金中均匀分布,抗菌性能稳定持久。根据抗菌钛合金能否释放抗菌剂,分为主动抗菌型和被动抗菌型,主动抗菌型钛合金可释放负载的抗菌剂,抗菌效果比较明显,但有些抗菌剂的释放时间较短;被动抗菌型钛合金不释放抗菌剂,通过接触杀菌或抑制细菌黏附的方式产生抗菌作用。抗菌钛合金可抑制材料表面细菌黏附,对延长矫治器、种植体、钛板等在口腔内的使用寿命具有重要意义,且抗菌改性后钛合金的机械性能未受明显影响,羟基磷灰石等抗菌剂的加入还提高了材料的成骨功能,在种植义齿、正畸矫治及口腔颌面外科等口腔医学领域应用前景良好。但是,目前关于抗菌钛合金的研究大多是体外实验,其长期的临床效果及其抗菌机制仍不明确,有待深入研究。     

CDIC纯钛人工牙种植体的研究与应用

CDIC人工牙种植体用纯钛金属材料加工制造而成，经严格的理化性能实验和生物实验性检测，各项指标符合国际相关标准。临床试用8年时间，提出了CDIC种植体的临床分类，建立了严格规范的手术操作程序和配套的种植义齿修复技术，为2714位病员植入了4116枚纯钛种植体。临床资料表明，CDIC种植体年使用量逐年增加，种植义具修复后使用效果良好。96年一季度的资料显示，种植体类型及品种增加，半埋置式锥状螺旋和柱状螺旋种植体各占12%和48%。分期组合式柱状螺旋种植体占25.4%，叶状种植体占4.4%，并对种植体植入手术方式和义齿修复方式进行了讨论与比较。结论说明建立CDIC人工牙种植体系列适合我国人体牙列缺损和缺失后不同颌骨解剖生理学的要求，可在临床推广应用。     

骨质疏松状态下不同种植体表面涂层改性技术对种植体骨结合的影响

钛及钛合金种植体广泛应用于牙列缺损和缺失的修复。骨质疏松患者由于种植体骨结合不良和初期稳定性不佳，存在较高的失败风险。因此，探究骨质疏松状态下如何促进种植体骨结合具有重要的临床意义。近年来关于骨质疏松状态下不同种植体表面涂层改性的研究主要可分为无机材料、生物分子、金属材料、中药类涂层以及具有治疗效果的药物涂层五大类。各类涂层改性的作用机制和生物学效果不尽相同，本文将对骨质疏松状态下不同种植体表面涂层改性技术对种植体骨结合的影响进行分析综述。     

钛种植体表面改性方法

钛种植体具有美观舒适、不损伤邻牙、临床效果显著等优点,广泛应用于口腔种植修复领域;但应用中存在骨结合失败、种植体周围骨吸收、种植体周围炎等问题,使其应用受到一定的限制。对钛种植体进行表面改性,在其表面制备不同的理化涂层和生物活性涂层,可以提高种植体的种植成功率,满足临床应用需求。本文从物理、化学、生物三方面对各种钛种植体表面改性方法的特点进行总结,为牙种植材料的研究和临床应用提供参考。     

钛种植体阳极氧化的研究

如何对钛种植体进行表面改性,提高钛种植体表面物理性能、化学性能和生物性能一直是国内外学者研究的热点。钛表面阳极氧化技术可增加钛表面氧化膜厚度,增加表面粗糙度,增强耐腐蚀性和抗菌性,使钛表面着色。细胞黏附实验显示,经阳极氧化后的钛表面生物活性提高,骨结合能力增强。根据氧化条件的不同,阳极氧化又可以分为一般阳极氧化、微弧氧化、二氧化钛纳米管的形成。本文将对钛表面阳极氧化的研究进展做一综述。     

银的抗菌性能及其在种植体表面的抗菌改性研究

种植体周围细菌黏附聚集导致的种植体周炎是种植体失败的重要原因。抑制种植体表面的细菌黏附和杀灭种植体周的细菌对防治种植体周炎具有重要意义。本文就银的抗菌性能及在种植体表面抗菌改性的研究进展作一综述。     

CDIC 牙种植术 ( 一 )

对于每一位牙缺失患者来说 , 口腔医师所面临的根本问题归根到底是 : 为患者重建一个正常的咬合关系 . 而种植义齿修复技术为达到这一目的提供了简便而又可靠的保障 . 高质量的口腔种植义齿修复技术包括 : 医患之间的沟通 , 详细的病史采集 , 全面的检查以及制定一个完整、合理的口腔种植义齿修复治疗方案 . 在获得患者的同意后 , 医师将按照治疗方案分阶段逐步实施 , 完成口腔种植义齿的修复 . CDIC 种植体系列包括锥状、叶状和柱状螺纹等三大类型种植体 , 可适用于多种牙缺失的修复 . 本文主要介绍口腔种植义齿修复技术中的外科学部分的有关内容 .     

Oral cancer: molecular technologies for risk assessment and diagnosis

Purpose: The effective biomarkers related to diagnosis, metastasis, drug resistance and irradiation sensitivity of oral cancers will help the pathologist and oncologist to determine the molecular taxonomy diagnosis and design the individualization treatment for the patients with oral cancers.     

Stimulated whole saliva components in children with Down syndrome

The authors report on the components of stimulated whole saliva from children with Down syndrome—including pH, flow rate, sialic acid and protein concentrations, and amylase and peroxidase activity. Saliva samples were collected from 35 children aged 6–10 years. Of the participants, 17 had Down syndrome and 18 did not. To stimulate saliva production, the children chewed a piece of parafilm for 10 minutes before the sample was collected. Soon after collecting the saliva sample, the authors measured pH using a portable pH-meter. Sialic acid levels were determined with a thiobarbituric acid assay. Protein content was determined with Folin's phenol reagent. Amylase was assayed and the authors measured the maltose produced by the breakdown of starch and peroxidase using ortho-dianisidine.
No statistically significant difference was observed in levels of sialic acid (free and total) between the two groups. Protein concentration was about 36% higher in the group with Down syndrome. However, the salivary flow rate, pH, and amylase and peroxidase activities were lower among the children with Down syndrome.     

柠檬精油对牙周致病菌抑制作用及其安全性初步研究

目的:探讨柠檬精油对牙周致病菌的体外抗菌活性及对细胞增殖的影响。方法:采用微量液体稀释法测定柠檬精油对Pg、Fn、Aa、Pi的最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC)及最小杀菌浓度(minimum bactericidal concentration,MBC);以较低浓度的MIC为标准稀释LEO作为实验组,采用MTT法测定柠檬精油对HUVECs的毒性作用,明确抑菌浓度下LEO的安全性。结果:柠檬精油对牙周主要致病菌均有抑菌作用,Pg、Fn、Aa、Pi的MIC分别是9.0 g/L、4.5 g/L、4.5 g/L、9.0 g/L,Aa、Fn的 MBC是9.0 g/L,Pg、Pi的MBC未测得。1/2MIC、1/20MIC浓度的LEO能够抑制人脐静脉内皮细胞的生长,而低于1/200MIC浓度的LEO则对人脐静脉内皮细胞的生长没有影响,其中1/200MIC浓度的LEO作用明显优于0.02%的CHX。结论:体外环境中,柠檬精油对牙周致病菌Pg、Fn、Aa、Pi具有抗菌活性,低浓度应用对机体相对安全。     

Clinical and pathological aspects on some odontogenic tumors

Odontogenic tumors constitute a very diverse group of lesions that reflects the complex processes of odontogenesis. Controversies over their classification/subtyping, terminology and diagnosis have been persisted, which has direct bearings on therapeutic and/or prognostic implications.     

Computer-assisted planning for maxillofacial prosthodontic rehabilitation

Computerized tomography (CT) planning and the use of CT derived surgical templates for implant placement have shown promise for restoring function within months after surgical reconstruction of acquired post-oncologic defects.     

牙髓再生的研究现状

目前,根管治疗术在临床上已得到了广泛的应用并成功的保存了患牙,但其仍有许多术后并发症。随着组织工程技术在口腔领域的应用,构建一种组织工程化牙髓进行牙髓-牙本质复合体的再生治疗成为可能。近年来国内外已有很多关于牙髓再生的研究,并且已经取得了一定成果。本文将对目前国内外牙髓再生的研究进展现状作一综述。     

Effect of Pingyangmycin on human venous malformation endothelial cells

Purpose: Venous malformations are common vascular anomalies with a propensity of the head and neck. Intralesional injection of Pingyangmycin (PYM, bleomycin A5 hydrochloride) is a widely used sclerotherapy method for the treatment of venous malformation.     

Can you be too old for oral implants? An update on ageing and plasticity in the oro‐facial sensorimotor system

This review focuses on the capacity of the brain for plasticity and the utility and efficacy of oral implants in helping to restore oro‐facial sensorimotor functions, especially in elderly patients. The review first outlines the components of the oro‐facial sensorimotor system which encompasses both oro‐facial tissues and a number of brain regions. One such region is the sensorimotor cortex that controls the activity of the numerous oro‐facial skeletal muscles. These muscles are involved in a number of functions including reflexes and the more complex sensorimotor functions of mastication, swallowing and speech. The review outlines the use by the brain of sensory inputs from oro‐facial receptors in order to provide for exquisite sensorimotor control of the activity of the oro‐facial muscles. It highlights the role in this sensorimotor control played by periodontal mechanoreceptors and their sensory inputs to the brain, and how oral implants in concert with the plastic capacity of the brain may, at least in part, compensate for reduced sensorimotor functioning when teeth are lost. It outlines findings of ageing‐related decrements in oro‐facial sensorimotor functions and control. The changes in oro‐facial tissues and the brain that underlie these ageing‐related functional alterations are also considered, along with adaptive and compensatory processes that utilise the brain's capacity for plasticity. The review also notes the evidence t hat rehabilitation that incorporates adjunctive approaches such as sensorimotor training paradigms in addition to oral prostheses such as implants may enhance these processes and help maintain or facilitate recovery of sensorimotor functioning in the elderly.     

Tumor microenvironment in oral cancer: novel approaches for immunotherapy

Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), which arises from the squamous mucosal epithelium of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx, is a major health problem in the US and other parts of the world, especially in developing countries.