乌龙茶对小鼠前胃鳞状上皮癌变的影响

 本文阐述了小鼠前胃癌前，癌变实验治疗的结果。乌龙茶出产于食管癌高发区的汕头，它对由亚硝肌氨酸乙基乙酯(NSEE)诱发的小鼠前胃癌形成有抑制作用。给小鼠饮用乌龙茶后，其癌发生率从64.8%下降到25.0%。乌龙茶对小鼠无毒性副作用。     

胃癌与念珠菌感染

本文证实,胃癌患者口腔念珠菌检出率(52.3％),明显高于正常人(4.1％)及其它肿瘤患者,(21.5～23％),并在38例胃癌切除标本中检出念珠菌16例(42.1％)。     

胃癌前哨淋巴结及其临床意义

目的 探讨胃癌前哨淋巴结转移规律及其应用价值。方法 1992～1999年经病理明确诊断有1～2个转移淋巴结的胃小弯癌53例,探讨其所在区域,作为该部位胃癌前哨淋巴结。研究其发生的规律及内涵。结果 本组病例转移淋巴结多数出现在第Ⅰ站(86.8％,46/53),其中胃上部癌转移至小弯(NO3)占57.1％(8/14);胃中部癌转移至小弯(NO3)占47.4％(9/19);胃下部癌转移至NO6占35％(7/20)。本组出现淋巴结跳跃转移7例,其中胃下部癌5例。结论 胃癌前哨淋巴结转移状况基本反映了胃癌淋巴转移的规律,在进展期胃癌手术中也应重点清扫,胃癌前哨淋巴结有望成为指导胃癌根治术淋巴清扫范围的标尺。     

河北省食管癌和胃癌高发区居民胃癌发生部位的变化及趋势分析

目的 探讨河北省食管癌和胃癌高发区居民胃癌发生部位的变化.方法 回顾性分析1993-2006年河北省食管癌高发区磁县和胃癌高发区赞争县伞部首诊为胃癌的4334例患者的临床资料,比较不同地区、不同年份、不M性别和不同年龄患者贲门、胃体和胃窦部位胃癌的构成比,分析当地胃癌发生部位的变化及趋势.结果 两地伞部旨诊胃癌患者巾,贲门癌占68.0%,明显高于胃体痛(24.2%)和胃窦癌(7.9%;X2=124.396,P＜0.0001).1993-2006年间,贲门痛在胃癌中所占的比例呈逐渐增高的趋势.磁县患者中,贲门癌所占的比例为71.2%,明显高于赞皇县(51.2%;X2=109.648,P＜0.0001).磁县贲门癌比例逐渐增多的同时,胃体癌比例呈逐渐减少的趋势;而赞争县胃癌构成比的变化主要体现在胃窦癌逐渐减少.性别对胃癌发生部位的变化无明显影响;但不同部位胃癌患者的年龄构成比存在着差异(X2=58.380,P＜0.0001),其中＜50岁组胃体癌所占的比例在所有年龄组中最高,为34.2%,而贲门癌在61～70岁组中所占的比例最高,为71.6%.结论 贲门是河北省胃癌高发区磁县和食管癌高发区赞皇县居民胃癌发生的主要部位.在流行病学因素不变的条件下,磁县胃癌患者中,贲门痛的构成比将继续上升,胃体癌的构成比将继续下降;而赞皇县患者中,胃窦癌的构成比将继续下降.     

胃癌高发区胃病患者胃液内杂色曲霉提取液的遗传毒性研究

我国有学者曾对国内六个胃癌高发区进行了病因流行病学调查,发现这些地区的慢性胃病患者胃液中杂色曲霉的检出率最高。河北省赞皇县是胃癌高发区,胃癌年平均死亡率为59/10万。我们用小鼠微核试验和人外周血淋巴细胞程序外DNA合成(UDS)试验的方法,对该县慢性胃病患者胃液内     

食管癌、胃癌均高发地区应用内镜对上消化道癌筛查的探讨

[目的]探讨在食管癌、胃癌均高发地区采用内镜对上消化道癌(食管癌、胃癌)联合筛查的价值.[方法]采用流行病学调查、血清胃蛋白酶原(PG)检测、内镜活检和病理检查同时进行的方法,对武威市凉州区40～69岁无症状,有上消化道病史、食管癌和胃癌家族史志愿者进行上消化道癌筛查.[结果]共筛查2 005人,上消化道癌检出率0.65％(13/2005),其中食管癌0.15％(3/2005),胃癌0.50％(10/2005);早期食管癌检出率100.00％(3/3),早期胃癌检出率30.00％(3/10),进展期胃癌为70.00％ (7/10);食管重度异型增生/原位癌、中度异型增生检出率分别为0.15％ (3/2005)、0.20％ (4/2005);胃高级别上皮内瘤变、低级别上皮内瘤变、肠上皮化生及萎缩性胃炎检出率分别为0.20％(4/2005)、12.62％ (253/2005)、10.92％(219/2005)和19.50％(391/2005).以PG Ⅰ≤70ng/ml,PG Ⅰ/Ⅱ≤7.0作为PG单筛胃癌临界值,PG阴性1 280人(63.84％),阳性725人(36.16％);PG阳性者中胃癌检出率0.69％ (5/725),高级别上皮内瘤变、低级别上皮内瘤变、肠上皮化生及萎缩性胃炎检出率分别为0.28％ (2/725)、16.69％(121/725)、16.00％(116/725)、22.34％(162/725);PG阴性者胃癌检出率0.39％(5/1280),高级别上皮内瘤变、低级别上皮内瘤变、肠上皮化生及萎缩性胃炎检出率分别为0.16％(2/1280)、10.31％(132/1280)、8.05％(103/1280)、17.89％(229/1280).PG阳性与PG阴性的胃癌及其癌前病变检出率有显著性差异(P＜0.01).PG阴性1 280人中,检出食管癌2例,重度异型增生/原位癌1例;PG阳性725人中,检出食管癌1例,重度异型增生/原位癌2例.[结论]在食管癌、胃癌高发区直接应用内镜对上消化道癌进行筛查,能最大限度降低上消化道癌的漏诊,使设备、技术、经费及卫生资源得到充分利用.     

食管癌高发区贲门癌、胃癌流行强度分析及其对内镜筛查的启示

 目的 分析涉县等食管癌高发区贲门癌、胃癌的流行强度，明确其防治任务，探讨具体控制途径。方法 对比分析涉县、林县、磁县全人群肿瘤登记的食管癌、贲门癌、胃癌发病率与死亡率以及内镜筛查6233例40-69岁人群三种癌及癌前病变的检出率。结果 太行山南麓食管癌高发区食管癌、贲门癌和胃癌发病率或死亡率的合计占到全身恶性肿瘤的70％～80％。涉县2000-2004年贲门癌发病率男女性分别为69．9／10万和41．5／10万，死亡率男女性分别为54．3／10万和33．2／10万。高发区运用内镜碘染色指导活检技术筛查，食管鳞状上皮癌前病变及早期癌的检出率高，但贲门和胃腺上皮癌前病变及早期癌的检出率相对较低。结论 太行山南部食管癌高发区存在贲门癌和胃癌共同高发的现象，要想通过旱诊早治从整体上降低该地区上消化道癌的死亡率，必须加强内镜对贲门和胃腺上皮癌前病变及早期癌检出的研究。     

胃癌组织中Ezrin和nm-23的表达及临床意义

目的探讨胃癌组织中Ezrin和nm-23蛋白的表达及其与临床和预后的关系。方法应用免疫组化Envi-sion法检测164例胃癌癌组织、164例癌旁组织中Ezrin和nm-23的表达情况,分析两者之间的相互关系。结果 Ezrin和nm-23在胃癌癌旁组织中均无异常表达,在胃癌组织中Ezrin和nm-23的表达率分别为48.2%(79/164)和35.4%(58/164)。Ezrin在胃癌中的表达与淋巴结转移及临床分期呈正相关,而与无病生存时间呈负相关(P<0.05);nm-23的表达与淋巴结转移、临床分期呈负相关,而与无病生存时间呈正相关(P<0.05);Ezrin和nm-23在胃癌中的表达与年龄、肿块大小、性别无相关性(P>0.05)。结论检测Ezrin和nm-23在胃癌中的表达有助于判断胃癌的转移潜能和预后。     

组织芯片检测p16蛋白在不同胃组织中的表达意义

[目的]分析胃癌相关差异表达蛋白p16在不同胃组织中的表达意义,为临床早期发现胃癌及评估胃癌患者预后提供有价值的资料.[方法]采用免疫组织化学染色,检测胃组织芯片(包括正常胃黏膜、癌旁、非典型增生、胃癌及淋巴结转移癌组织)中p16蛋白的表达,分析其在胃癌组织中表达与临床病理特征的关系.[结果] p16蛋白在正常胃黏膜、癌旁、非典型增生和胃癌组织中的表达率分别为76.47％ (26/34)、79.59％( 39/49)、34.62％ (9/26)和8.64％(7/81);p16蛋白在胃癌组织中阳性表达率较正常胃黏膜、癌旁组织和非典型增生组织降低(P＜0.01),而非典型增生组织中阳性表达率较正常胃黏膜和癌旁组织降低(P＜0.05);p16蛋白表达与胃癌患者年龄、肿块大小和淋巴结转移有关(P＜0.05).[结论] p16蛋白表达与胃癌的发生发展、患者年龄、肿块大小及淋巴结转移有关.     

CD44v6在胃癌中的表达及其与幽门螺杆菌感染的关系

背景与目的:目前认为CD44v6在胃癌组织中有较高的表达率,并公认幽门螺杆菌(Helicobactor pylori,HP)感染为Ⅰ类胃癌致癌原,但迄今未见CD44v6与HP关系的文献报道。本文旨在探讨CD44v6在胃癌中的表达及其与HP感染的关系。方法:选取胃癌组织56例、癌旁非癌组织56例、非典型增生胃粘膜32例。CD44v6检测采用RT-PCR与Southern blot法;HP检测采用快速尿酶法与Warthin-Starry银染色;同时用ELISA测定56例胃癌患者血清中HP cagA抗体。结 果:胃粘膜HP阳性组中,转移性胃癌和非转移胃癌的CD44v6表达率分别达100％(12/12)和90.5％(19/21),明显高于癌旁非癌胃组织的48.6％(24/35)与非典型增生胃粘膜的23.6％(6/23);转移性胃癌与非转移胃癌的CD44v6表达率比较无显著差异(P>0.25),非典型增生胃粘膜与胃癌、癌旁非癌胃组织比较有非常显著性差异(P<0.005)。胃粘膜HP阴性组:在转移性胃癌、非转移胃癌、癌旁非癌组织和非典型增生CD44v6表达率分别是66.7％,51.4％,38.1％和18.1％,各组比较均无显著性差异。CD44v6表达与HP感染有密切关系(P<0.01)。肠型胃癌CD44v6表达与HP感染高于弥漫型胃癌(P>0.05)。胃癌患者血清HP cagA抗体阳性率高于胃癌组织HP感染率(P>0.05)。结论:CD44v6在胃癌中有较高的阳性率,与HP感染密切相关,可作为     

Manifestation of metastatic potential in human gastric cancer implanted into the stomach wall of nude mice

The biological properties of human gastric cancer cell line G/F implanted into either the subcutis or the stomach wall of nude mice were compared. The G/F tumor in the stomach wall showed a slower growth rate than that in the subcutis. The level of carcinoembryonic antigen in serum was greater when the tumor was in the stomach wall than when it was in the subcutis. The tumor in the stomach wall invaded the surrounding tissues and metastasized to the regional lymph nodes and distant organs such as the lung and the liver in 27 of the 43 mice (68%). In contrast, the tumor in the subcutis was highly encapsulated and metastasis to other organs was not observed. These findings indicate that the stomach wall might provide a suitable microenvironment for G/F gastric cancer to exert its intrinsic properties. Therefore, implantation of human gastric cancer into the stomach wall of nude mice may provide a useful model to study the intrinsic characteristics of human cancer as well as the effectiveness of experimental chemotherapy.     

Manifestation of Metastatic Potential in Human Gastric Cancer Implanted into the Stomach Wall of Nude Mice

The biological properties of human gastric cancer cell line G/F implanted into either the subcutis or the stomach wall of nude mice were compared. The G/F tumor in the stomach wall showed a slower growth rate than that in the subcutis. The level of carcinoembryonic antigen in serum was greater when the tumor was in the stomach wall than when it was in the subcutis. The tumor in the stomach wall invaded the surrounding tissues and metastasized to the regional lymph nodes and distant organs such as the lung and the liver in 27 of the 43 mice (68%). In contrast, the tumor in the subcutis was highly encapsulated and metastasis to other organs was not observed. These findings indicate that the stomach wall might provide a suitable microenvironment for G/F gastric cancer to exert its intrinsic properties. Therefore, implantation of human gastric cancer into the stomach wall of nude mice may provide a useful model to study the intrinsic characteristics of human cancer as well as the effectiveness of experimental chemotherapy.     

肺癌患者念珠菌临床分离株的基因型特征分析

目的:对住院肺癌患者感染的念珠菌进行分子生物学水平研究,探讨该种感染与肺癌的关系.方法:应用PCR技术对肺癌患者感染的念珠菌进行种间基因分型,对白色念珠菌进行种内基因分型.结果:肺癌患者157株念珠菌分为四种:白色念珠菌、光滑念珠菌、热带念珠菌和克柔念珠菌.93株白色念珠菌分为A、B、C三型.肺癌合并念珠菌感染患者病理类型以小细胞肺癌多见.结论:PCR方法检测念珠菌具有较高的灵敏性与特异性,有助于临床真菌感染性疾病的诊断与治疗.     

肺癌患者念珠菌临床分离株的基因型特征分析

目的：对住院肺癌患者感染的念珠菌进行分子生物学水平研究,探讨该种感染与肺癌的关系。方法：应用PCR技术对肺癌患者感染的念珠菌进行种间基因分型,对白色念珠菌进行种内基因分型。结果：肺癌患者157株念珠菌分为四种：白色念珠菌、光滑念珠菌、热带念珠菌和克柔念珠菌。93株白色念珠菌分为A、B、C三型。肺癌合并念珠菌感染患者病理类型以小细胞肺癌多见。结论：PCR方法检测念珠菌具有较高的灵敏性与特异性,有助于临床真菌感染性疾病的诊断与治疗。     

Sterigmatocystin induced adenocarcinoma of the lung and atypical hyperplasia of glandular stomach in mice

Aspergillus versicolor was isolated from the gastric juice of patients with chronic stomach diseases in high-risk area of gastric cancer. Mice fed with aspergillus-inoculated corn flour developed adenocarcinoma of the lung in 15 of 35 mice (42.9%) and atypical hyperplasia of the glandular stomach in 13 of 35 mice (37.4%). Sterigmatocystin was identified by HPLC and fluorescence spectrophotometry in the extract of aspergillus-inoculated corn flour. The results suggest that the mycotoxin sterigmatocystin is a potential carcinogen in human.     

An animal model for oropharyngeal, esophageal and gastric candidosis

Conventional mice inoculated with Candida albicans by the oral-intragastric route as infants (6-day-old) have previously been shown to develop gastrointestinal (GI) candidosis which persists for at least 30-60 days post-challenge without the use of compromising procedures. Histological preparations of the stomachs of these animals reveal hyphae which have crossed the mucin barrier and are associated with the stratified squamous epithelium of the gastric mucosa primarily in the region of the cardial-atrium fold. Host inflammatory cells are frequently observed adjacent to these filaments and yeast cells. In this study, groups of neonates were challenged oral-intragastrically with either C. albicans strain CA30, or strain CA87. The two strains showed marked differences in the numbers of cells associated with tissue of the tongue, esophagus and stomach of non-immunocompromised mice at 20 days post-inoculation. After immunocompromising treatment by intraperitoneal administration of cyclosphosphamide and cortisone acetate, both groups of mice showed extensive colonization and tissue invasion of the tongue, proximal and distal portions of the esophagus, and cardial-atrium fold of the stomach. C. albicans-containing abscesses were occasionally observed on the tongue of these animals. Histological preparations of the cardiac antrum, located at the junction of esophagus and stomach, frequently revealed concentrations of hyphae and yeast cells associated with the stratified squamous epithelium. We suggest that these non-immunocompromised and immunocompromised mice with persistent C. albicans infections of oropharyngeal, esophageal and gastric tissue, initiated by oral-intragastric challenge at infancy, simulates conditions in different groups of chronically infected humans, and serves as a useful model for testing the efficacy of anti-Candida drugs in clearance of candidosis from the alimentary canal.     

人胃癌组织块裸鼠原位移植/转移模型的建立

 目的　用肿瘤组织块原位移植 ,建立人胃癌裸小鼠原位移植 /转移模型。方法　以人胃低分化腺癌细胞系接种于裸小鼠皮下 ,形成稳定传代的皮下移植瘤 ,再取该肿瘤组织块原位移植于裸鼠胃壁 ,观察移植肿瘤的生长状况、移植成功率和自发转移的发生率。结果　原位移植成功率 (成瘤率 )为 1 0 0 %、局部淋巴结转移率 1 0 0 %、远处淋巴结转移率 90 %、肝转移发生率为 75%。荷瘤鼠的中位生存期为 1 4周 ,晚期出现消瘦和全身衰竭。结论　该裸小鼠原位移植 /转移模型的生物学行为与人胃癌自然生长和转移过程相似 ,可作为一种有价值的工具用于胃癌转移机理和抗转移实验治疗的研究。     

Delayed lethal response to Candida albicans infection in mice bearing the Lewis lung carcinoma.

Lethality of Candida albicans was monitored in (C57BL times DBA/2)F1 mice bearing the transplanted Lewis lung carcinoma and in sham-operated controls inoculated with Hanks' balanced salt solution. The lethal response to C. albicans infection was significantly delayed in animals inoculated with the microorganism 6-16 days after transplantation of the Lewis lung carcinoma. Maximal increases in survival times were observed when C. albicans was inoculated 8-12 days following tumor transplantation. Therefore, a delay in the lethal response to C. albicans in this untreated model murine tumor system could be elicited through implantation of the Lewis lung carcinoma; preliminary studies with some other model murine tumors and with cell-free filtrates indicated that this phenomenon is not restricted to the Lewis lung carcinoma.     

Significance of oral Candida infections in children with cancer

Candidiasis is common in children with cancer, particularly during periods of severe immunosuppression and neutropenia. Our aim was to study the microbiological changes in the oral cavity of children with newly diagnosed cancer. The study group consisted of 30 consecutive children and adolescents, 16 with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 14 with solid tumors. Oral cultures to detect fungi and bacteria were conducted for all patients before treatment, during and after neutropenic episodes. In 23 patients developing fever simultaneous throat, urine and blood sampling was carried out. No pathogens were found in the cultures taken before the outset (30 cultures) or after recovery from (30 cultures) the neutropenic episodes. In the 45 oral cultures taken during the neutropenic episodes 38 (84.4%) proved positive. Fungi were the most frequently isolated oral pathogens: 33/38 yeast and 6/38 bacterial infections were identified. There was no association between the underlying malignancy and the occurrence of the positive cultures. Of the 30 patients, all 23 (76.7%) who have developed moderate-to-severe neutropenia, developed oral fungal colonization or clinically obvious fungal infection at least on one occasion during the study. In addition to oral samples, fungi were identified in 9/23 pharyngeal swabs, 6/23 urine and 1/23 blood cultures. The initial fungal pathogen was exclusively (33/33) Candida albicans. In extended severe neutropenic states, C. albicans was replaced by non-albicans species (C. kefyr, C. lusitaniae, C. sake, C. tropicalis) in 5 patients between 4 to 6 days of the neutropenic episodes. Four of the nonalbicans Candida strains were resistant to azole-type antifungal agents. Neutropenic episodes of children with cancer are associated with an increased risk of developing oral and even systemic infections with C. albicans that can be replaced by azole-resistant nonalbicans strains in prolonged neutropenia contributing to morbidity of these patients.