75岁以上老年人急性心肌梗死的临床特点

目的 :研究 75岁以上老年人急性心肌梗死 ( AMI)的临床特点。方法 :对 63例 75岁以上老年 AMI进行临床分析 ,并与同期 161例 60～ 74岁和 176例 60岁以下 AMI患者进行对比。结果 :75岁以上老年女性 AMI患者明显增多 ,无痛性 AMI多 ( 34.9% ) ,血流动力学受损的体征和并发症、泵衰竭引起的室上性心律失常和房室传导阻滞以及死亡率均比其他两年龄组多见 ,而梗死范围、死亡原因三组间无明显差异。结论 :75岁以上老年无痛性 AMI多见 ,病情严重程度高 ,并发症发生率高 ,死亡率高 ,而性别对 AMI的发生和预后无明显影响     

超细胃镜检查老年人胃溃疡的特点分析

目的 分析老年人胃溃疡的临床及内镜特征.方法 对180例≥60岁胃溃疡患者的临床和内窥镜资料进行回顾性分析,并与同期280例＜60岁胃溃疡患者进行对照.结果 老年胃溃疡患者临床表现多不典型、溃疡发生部位上移.老年组>2.5 cm的溃疡明显多于非老年组(P＜0.01).老年组伴发幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染者较非老年组显著增多(P＜0.05).结论 老年人胃溃疡易造成误诊和漏诊而延误治疗,故充分认识老年人胃溃疡特点,尽早行内镜检查,对提高老年消化性溃疡诊疗水平及延长老年人寿命意义重大.     

不同年龄老年人急性心肌梗死治疗与预后观察

目的比较≥75岁和＜75岁两组急性心肌梗死的老年人(AMI)的治疗及近期预后.方法急性心肌梗死128例,分成两个不同年龄组,采集患者的临床资料、治疗手段、并发症.观察一个月,观察终点为死亡或再梗.结果≥75岁58例,＜75岁70例,≥75岁患者近期死亡率明显升高(P＜0.01),AMI后左心衰发生率较高(P＜0.01).接受溶栓(34.5%比62.9%,P＜0.01)冠状动脉成形术和冠脉搭桥术(17.2%比37.1%,P＜0.05)明显减少.结论给予老年人适当的血运重建治疗可改善其预后,降低死亡率.     

有高血压史的老年人急性心肌梗塞临床特点

目的　探讨高血压(HT)对老年人急性心肌梗死(AMI)疾病过程及预后的影响。方法　对比分析82例有HT史和94例无高血压(NHT)史的老年人AMI临床资料。结果　HT组有糖尿病、高血脂、吸烟史、冠心病家族史、慢性心肌缺血史者及女性患者的比例均较NHT组高(P＜0.05～0.01);AMI于饱餐后发病者,HT组多于NHT组(P＜0.01),因劳累诱发者,HT组少于NHT组（P＜0.05）;HT组无痛性AMI者较NHT组多（P＜0.05）,出现脑卒中、心力衰竭、心源性休克、室速与室颤等并发症及住院病死率均高于NHT组（P＜0.05～0.01）。结论　合并HT的老年AMI患者具有更多的冠心病易患因素,严重心脏并发症较多,近期预后较差。     

西安及周边地区老年结直肠癌内镜及病理变化分析

目的 探讨近20年西安及周边地区老年(≥60岁)结直肠癌(CRC)患者的临床特点及变化趋势.方法 收集1987～2006年在我科确诊的CRC患者的内镜资料,将20年平均划分为两个阶段P1期(1987～1996年)和P2期(1997～2006年).按照年龄、性别、解剖位置和病理类型对CRC的发病情况进行分析.比较老年组和非老年组CRC患者的临床病理特征.结果 近20年共检出老年CRC 329例,近年来老年CRC检出率无显著增高(P＞0.05),但老年CRC占同期CRC总数的比例显著增高(P＜0.01),其中女性患者显著增多(P＜0.01);P2、P1期老年CRC患者的平均年龄分别为(68.8±5.4)岁和(66.8±6.3)岁,无显著性变化(P＞0.05);直肠癌在两期中所占比例最高,直肠癌和结肠癌比例均无显著性变化(P＞0.05);远端结肠癌的比例显著降低,同时近端结肠癌比例增高(P＜0.05);两期均以腺癌和黏液腺癌为主,两者所占比例无显著变化(P＞0.05).结论 近20年来西安及周边地区老年CRC发病情况正在发生变化,老年CRC患者的年龄有增高趋向,其中女性患者比例显著增多.CRC的解剖位置也发生显著变化,出现近端结肠癌增多,远端结肠癌相对减少的现象.     

134例高龄老人急性心肌梗塞临床特点

目的:探讨高龄老年人急性心肌梗塞(AMI)的临床特点。方法:AMI患者年龄≥70岁的被确定为AMI高龄组,共134例;<70岁的为AMI对照组,共152例。通过对首发症状、心电图改变、主要并发症和病死率、病死原因分析,总结出高龄老人AMI的临床特点。结果:高龄AMI组和AMI对照组比较,典型心前区疼痛发生率(53.7%) 显著减少(P<0.01),无Q波梗塞和心肌再梗塞显著增加,而右室梗塞显著减少(P均<0.05);总并发症发生率显著增多(P<0.01),特别心是律失常和心力衰竭(P<0.01),心源性休克亦明显增多(P<0.05);死亡率(31.3%) 较AMI对照组(10.5%)显著增加(P<0.01)。结论:高龄老人AMI心前区疼痛症状多不典型,无Q波梗塞和心肌再梗塞发生率高;心律失常、心力衰竭和心源性休克发生率高,并为常见死亡原因。     

老年急性胰腺炎患者的临床特征和诊疗效果分析

目的探讨老年急性胰腺炎(AP)患者的临床特征和诊疗效果。方法回顾性分析2014年1月至2016年12月首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院收治的老年AP患者,按年龄分为老年组[≥60岁,(68.8±6.9)岁]102例和非老年组[60岁,(46.7±4.4)岁]213例,收集患者一般资料、病因、临床表现、治疗后住院时间及死亡率。采用SPSS 20.0软件对数据进行统计分析,根据数据类型,采用t检验或χ~2检验进行组间比较。结果两组患者性别、全身并发症、局部并发症比例及重症胰腺炎比例差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。AP患者主要病因为胆道疾病,其次为高脂血症,酒精及肿瘤,其中老年组胆源性比率明显高于非老年组(70.6%vs 49.8%),高脂血症比率明显低于非老年组(11.8%vs 20.2%),酒精性比率明显低于非老年组(6.9%vs 19.2%),肿瘤性比例明显高于非老年组(4.9%vs 0.0%),差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。临床表现方面,老年组腹痛比例显著低于非老年组(84.4%vs 95.4%),黄疸比例高于非老年组(66.7%vs 48.4%),差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组住院时间差异无统计学意义[(12.9±5.6)vs(11.7±4.6)d,P0.05],但老年组死亡率明显高于非老年组(7.9%vs 1.4%,P0.05)。结论老年AP患者合并基础疾病多,病死率高。老年AP患者应警惕胆源性及肿瘤性原因。     

老年胃癌的临床病理特征

目的 探讨老年胃癌的临床病理特征.方法 回顾性分析198例胃癌病人的临床资料,其中≥60岁77例(老年组),＜60岁122例(对照组),比较两组的临床病理特征.结果 老年组男性占67.10%,高于对照组52.46%(P＜0.05);平均病程(9.93±4.69)月,长于对照组(4.37±2.79)月(P＜0.05);上腹部饱胀、消化道出血多于对照组,而上腹部疼痛少于对照组(均P＜0.05);贲门胃底癌高于对照组,BormannⅣ型少于对照组(均P＜0.05);老年组管状腺癌高于对照组,而低分化腺癌低于对照组(均P＜0.05);两组临床病理分期差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);老年组累计并发症的发生率明显高于对照组(P＜0.05).两组3年生存率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),老年组5年生存率高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 老年胃癌具有一定的临床病理特点,了解这些特点将有助于对老年胃癌病人的诊断和治疗.     

广西巴马老年人血液生化指标检测结果分析

目的 分析广西巴马地区≥60岁老年人血压、血糖、血脂检测结果,了解该地区老年人的健康状况.方法 随机抽取巴马地区≥60岁的286例老年人作为调查对象,测量其血压、空腹血糖(FPG)、血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL),并将其结果与201例南丹中老年人作比较.结果 巴马老年人群血清FPG、TC、LDL水平存在性别上差异,男性血清FPG水平较高(P＜0.05),TC、LDL水平较低(P＜0.01).与南丹组相比,巴马组FPG、TG水平较低(P＜0.01),但HDL、LDL水平较高(P＜0.01);巴马高FPG、高TG、低HDL检出率较低(P均＜0.05),但高LDL检出率较高(P＜0.05).两地区人群间收缩压、脉压水平未见显著性差异(P＞0.05),但巴马地区舒张压水平高于南丹地区(P＜0.05).结论 巴马老年人血脂、血糖、血压有其特点可能与他们的饮食习惯、生活方式、遗传因素不同有关.     

汶川地震前后绵阳灾区老年人心理健康状况

目的 探讨地震前后绵阳灾区老年人的认知效能、情绪体验、自我评价、人际交往、适应能力等心理健康状况的变化.方法 对比震前4个月四川绵阳77名老年人和震后6个月绵阳77位老年人的心理健康水平.结果 地震后绵阳灾区老年群体的心理健康总分低于地震前(t总=2.39,P＜0.05),其情绪体验、适应能力维度得分皆低于震前(t情绪体验=3.22,P＜0.01;t适应能力=2.57,P＜0.05).女性老年人心理健康总分、情绪体验和适应能力维度得分低于震前(t总=3.49,P＜0.05;t情绪体验=3.87,P＜0.05;t适应能力=4.15,P＜0.05 );60～69岁组老年人,心理健康水平明显低于震前(t总=3.02,P＜0.01);除人际交往一项外,其余维度低于震前(t认知效能=2.69,P＜0.01;t情绪体验=3.53,P＜0.01;t自我评价=2.22,P＜0.05;t适应能力=2.67,P＜0.01).结论 震后6个月,老年灾民的心理健康水平显著下降,适应能力减弱,感受较多负性情绪.女性老年人、60～69岁的老年灾民心理更容易受到影响.     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Serological survey of HIV and syphilis in pregnant women in Madagascar

Objectives Peripartal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, leads to severe consequences for newborns. Preventive measures require awareness of the maternal infection. Although HIV and syphilis testing in Madagascar could be theoretically carried out within the framework of the national pregnancy follow‐up scheme, the required test kits are rarely available at peripheral health centres. In this study, we screened blood samples of pregnant Madagascan women for HIV and syphilis seroprevalence to estimate the demand for systemic screening in pregnancy. Methods Retrospective anonymous serological analysis for HIV and syphilis was performed in plasma samples from 1232 pregnant women that were taken between May and July 2010 in Ambositra, Ifanadiana, Manakara, Mananjary, Moramanga and Tsiroanomandidy (Madagascar) during pregnancy follow‐up. Screening was based on Treponema pallidum haemagglutination tests for syphilis and rapid tests for HIV, with confirmation of positive screening results on line assays. Results Out of 1232 pregnant women, none were seropositive for HIV and 37 (3%) were seropositive for Treponema pallidum. Conclusions Our findings are in line with previous studies that describe considerable syphilis prevalence in the rural Madagascan population. The results suggest a need for screening to prevent peripartal Treponema pallidum transmission, while HIV is still rare. If they are known, Treponema pallidum infections can be easily, safely and inexpensively treated even in pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmission.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Variabilité des concentrations plasmatiques de l’angiotensinogène et risque d’hypertension artérielle chez le rat transgénique

Aim

Genetic polymorphisms of the human angiotensinogen gene are frequent and may induce up to 30% increase of plasma angiotensinogen concentrations with a blood pressure increase of up to 5 mmHg. Their role for the pathogenesis of human arterial hypertension remains unclear. High plasma angiotensinogen levels could increase the sensitivity to other blood pressure stressors.

Methods

Male transgenic rats with a 9-fold increase of plasma angiotensinogen concentrations and male non-transgenic rats aged 10 weeks were treated or not with NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester for 3 weeks in their drinking water (n = 3/group). Systolic blood pressure and body weight were measured at baseline and at the end of the study when left ventricular weight and ventricular expression of angiotensin I-converting enzyme and procollagen Iα1 were determined (polymerase chain reaction).

Results

At baseline, transgenic rats had +18 mmHg higher bood pressure and –8% lower body weight compared to non-transgenic rats (P < 0.05) without significant changes for the vehicle groups throughout the study (P > 0.05). NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester increased blood pressure, left ventricular weight and left ventricular weight indexed for body weight by +41%, +17.6% and +18.6% (P < 0.05) in transgenic and +25%, +5.3% and +6.7% (P > 0.05) in non-transgenic rats compared to untreated animals, respectively. Cardiac gene expression showed no differences between groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Increased plasma angiotensinogen levels may sensitize to additional blood pressure stressors. Our preliminary results point towards an independent role of angiotensinogen in the pathogenesis of human hypertension and associated end-organ damage.