Morphometric analysis of human peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness

PURPOSE: The peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness pattern in the normal human eye has been well characterized using data obtained with scanning laser polarimetry and optical coherence tomography. The authors sought to characterize the normative peripapillary RNFL thickness and pattern using histologic sections obtained from healthy postmortem human eyes. METHODS: Seventeen unpaired normal postmortem eyes were recruited into this study. Each eye was sectioned using the "umbrella technique" to obtain four concentric peripapillary rings, each centered on the optic disc, with diameters of 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, and 4.5 mm. RNFL thickness data along each ring section was measured at 100 equidistant locations. Thickness data, for each ring diameter, across all eyes were averaged to arrive at normative thickness values for the peripapillary RNFL thickness in eyes processed using this technique. RESULTS: Average RNFL thicknesses (+/-SD) for the 3.5-mm diameter ring were as follows: overall, 60.3 +/- 19.5 microm; superior, 75.3 +/- 26.5 mum; inferior, 69.4 +/- 22.4 microm; nasal, 48.1 +/- 15 microm; temporal, 49.2 +/- 26.4 microm. Qualitatively, the RNFL thickness showed a double-hump pattern with relatively similar superior and inferior peaks and with temporal and nasal troughs. Progressively larger peripapillary rings showed progressively thinner RNFL thickness at all quadrants. In contrast, the relative thickness percentage for each quadrant remained unchanged among the four different diameter rings. CONCLUSIONS: Histologic data from a group of healthy postmortem eyes demonstrate the pattern of RNFL thickness in normal eyes. These data corroborate imaging findings of peripapillary RNFL thickness patterns obtained using commercially available RNFL imaging devices.     

光学相干断层成像术对原发性开角型青光眼视网膜神经纤维层的定性和定量检测

OBJECTIVE: To study the characteristics of optical coherence tomography (OCT) of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), the difference of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness between normal persons and patients with POAG and the correlation between RNLF and visual field index. METHODS: Eighty-three cases (149 eyes) with POAG and 83 normal persons (150 eyes) were tested by OCT with circular scans around the optic nerve head (diameter = 3.46 mm) to observe the features of OCT. Statistic analysis was taken to compare the difference of RNFL thickness in quadrants and means between normal and glaucomatous group, and the difference of the thickness among the stages in POAG. Linear correlation and regression analysis was used to show the correlation between RNFL thickness and visual field index of 115 eyes of glaucomatous patients. RESULTS: The RNFL thickness measured by OCT in normal subjects is the thickest in superior and inferior quadrants, less in thickness in temporal and the thinnest in nasal quadrant. The curve showed double peaks. The RNFL of glaucomatous patients showed local thinness or defect, diffuse thinness or combination of the above two types. The mean RNFL thickness of normal group was (90.1 +/- 10.8) microm, (140.4 +/- 10.5) microm, (85.2 +/- 14.0) microm, (140.4 +/- 9.7) microm and (114.2 +/- 6.0) microm, of glaucomatous group was (56.0 +/- 31.0) microm, (81.0 +/- 36.3) microm, (47.1 +/- 27.5) microm, (73.4 +/- 38.4) microm and (64.6 +/- 28.8) microm in temporal, superior, nasal, inferior quadrant and the whole area, respectively. There is significant difference of RNFL thickness between the normal and glaucomatous group (P < 0.000), and there are significant differences among the three stages (early, developing and late) of glaucomatous group (P < 0.000). There is a close negative relationship between RNFL thickness and visual field index (r = -0.796, P < 0.0001). The sensitivity and specificity of RNFL thickness measured by OCT were 93.3% and 92.0%, respectively. CONCLUSION: OCT can quantitatively measure the RNFL thickness and show the difference of RNFL between normal persons and glaucomatous patients. The RNFL thickness gradually decreases while visual field defect increases with the development of POAG.     

不同程度近视患者视盘区视网膜微循环变化特点分析

目的:基于光学相干断层扫描血管成像(OCTA)分析不同程度近视患者视盘区微血管密度(MVD)和视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)厚度与眼轴长度(AL)的关系。方法:前瞻性病例对照研究。本研究于2020-05/2021-01在安徽理工大学第一附属医院(淮南市第一人民医院)共招募51名健康受试者,符合标准共94眼依据AL划分为三组,23mm≤AL<24mm且等效球镜度数(SE)+0.50~-0.50D为正视组31眼,24mm≤AL<26mm且-0.75≤SE<-6.00D为低中度近视组32眼,AL≥26mm且SE≥-6.00D为高度近视组31眼。利用OCTA对受试者视盘为中心的4.5mm×4.5mm扫描区成像并自动定量测出视盘不同分区的MVD和RNFL厚度,并进行相关分析。结果:ISNT四分区中,颞侧RNFL厚度与AL呈正相关(r=0.343,P<0.05)。上侧、下侧及鼻侧象限RNFL厚度与AL呈负相关(r=-0.341、-0.289、-0.269,均P<0.05)。在Garway Heath分区法中,颞上象限RNFL厚度与AL呈正相关(r=0.382,P<0.05),鼻上、鼻下及下鼻象限RNFL厚度、MVD与AL呈负相关(r=-0.226、-0.211、-0.369、-0.316、-0.304、-0.241,均P<0.05)。盘内整体MVD随AL增加而密集(r=0.376,P<0.05),而盘周MVD却与AL呈负相关(r=-0.361,P<0.05)。结论:视盘区MVD变化、RNFL厚度与AL紧密相关。随AL增加,鼻上、鼻下和下鼻象限RNFL厚度和MVD均减少,盘周整体MVD降低,颞上象限RNFL厚度及盘内MVD增加,尤以高度近视患者变化显著。     

基于学校的健康儿童青少年视网膜OCT数据

目的：探讨健康儿童青少年经光学相干断层成像（OCT）测得的黄斑区以及视盘区相关参数的正常 值范围,并分析个体因素对OCT主要参数的可能影响。方法：横断面研究。本研究为爱尔儿童青少年屈光发育队列研究的一部分内容,在2019年3─6月期间,使用 OCT对湖南醴陵市及湖北宜昌市 3所学校的913名中小学生（5～15岁）眼球黄斑区及视盘区进行扫描,以OCT自带软件导出视盘形态学指标、视盘及黄斑区视网膜厚度和神经纤维层厚度（RNFL）,分别以P2.5～P97.5及均值±1.96标 准差定义其正常值范围,并通过Spearman相关和多元线性回归模型分析年龄、性别、屈光度和眼轴长度对OCT主要参数的影响。结果：糖尿病早期治疗研究小组黄斑部格子分区（EDTRS）中,黄斑中心区视网膜厚度及RNFL的正常值范围分别为193.72～262.68 μm和0.67～8.18 μm。内环区视 网膜厚度依次为上方（288.07～340.29 μm）>鼻侧（283.89～340.53 μm）及下方（283.85～337.21 μm） >颞侧（275.32～326.32 μm）,RNFL依次为下方（24.40～33.01 μm）及上方（24.52～33.24 μm） >鼻侧（20.89～28.35 μm）>颞侧（20.54～24.45 μm）;外环区视网膜厚度依次为鼻侧（266.97～323.27 μm） >上方（254.81～305.03 μm）>下方（241.54～292.42 μm）>颞侧（238.45～286.59 μm）,RNFL依次为 鼻侧（42.38～63.03 μm）>下方（36.35～53.74 μm）及上方（36.19～53.64 μm）>颞侧（21.37～26.52 μm）。 视盘视网膜厚度依次为上方（286.13～378.29 μm）及下方（283.20～375.82 μm）>颞侧（256.90～325.30 μm） >鼻侧（235.40～309.79 μm）,RNFL依次为下方（122.07～193.79 μm）>上方（113.48～188.28 μm）>颞 侧（71.51～146.15 μm）>鼻侧（45.99～112.26 μm）。视盘面积（DA）、盘沿面积（RA）、视杯容积 （CV）、杯盘面积比（CDAR）、线性杯盘比（LCDR）、垂直杯盘比（VCDR）分别为1.37～3.16 mm2、 0.79～2.64 mm2、0.01～0.51mm3、0.03～0.64、0.17～0.80、0.15～0.78。多元线性回归分析显示等效球镜度与黄斑中心区、黄斑外环鼻侧、视盘鼻侧及视盘下方RNFL厚度和DA、CV、VCDR具有 相关性（r=-0.197、-0.317、4.458、1.633、0.069、0.020、0.040,均P<0.05）,年龄与黄斑中心区 RNFL及DA、CV、VCDR呈负相关（r=-0.099、-0.020、-0.005、-0.007,均P<0.05）,与黄斑外环鼻侧RNFL呈正相关（r=0.141,P=0.046）,眼轴与CV、VCDR、黄斑中心区及外环鼻侧RNFL呈正 相关（r=0.022、0.045、0.414,1.486,均P<0.05）,与视盘下方呈负相关（r=-2.192,P=0.012）,仅黄斑外环鼻侧RNFL与性别有相关性（r=-1.066,P=0.002）。结论：本研究提供了健康儿童青少年人群黄斑区以及视盘区相关参数正常范围,同时发现性别、年龄、屈光度以及眼轴均会对OCT的检查结果产生一定的影响,提示临床中应用OCT评估及诊治儿童青少年眼底病变时,应考虑这些因素的影响。     

Normative Values of Macular and Optic Nerve Head Parameters in Childhood: A School-Based Study with Optical Coherence Tomography

Objective: To determine the normative values of macular and optic nerve head parameters measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in healthy schoolchildren and to analyze the possible influence of individual factors on the main parameters of OCT. Methods: This cross-sectional study was part of a cohort study on refractive development in children and adolescents. Nine hundred thirteen students from the age of five to fifteen were recruited at three schools in Liling City, Hunan Province, and Yichang City, Hubei Province. Retinal thickness, retinal nerve fiber thickness (RNFL) and optic nerve head parameters were measured by OCT (DRI OCT Triton, Japan, Topcon). The normal value range was defined by P2.5-P97.5 or Mean±1.96 SD. Then the relationships between age, sex, refractive error, axial length and the main parameters were analyzed by a Spearman's correlation and multiple linear regression analysis. Results: The EDTRS for the foveal region, the normal values of retinal thickness and RNFL thickness in the central area were 193.72-262.68 μm and 0.67-8.18 μm, respectively. In the inner ring region, the retina was thickest in the superior quadrant (288.07-340.29 μm), followed by the nasal (283.89-340.53 μm) and inferior quadrants (283.85-337.21 μm), then the temporal quadrant (275.32-326.32 μm), while the RNFL was thickest in the inferior (24.40-33.01 μm) and superior quadrants (24.52-33.24 μm), followed by the nasal (20.89-28.35 μm) and temporal quadrants (20.54-24.45 μm). In the outer ring region, the retina was thickest in the nasal quadrant (266.97-323.27 μm), followed by the superior (254.81-305.03 μm) and inferior quadrants (241.54-292.42 μm), then the temporal quadrant (238.45-286.59 μm), while the RNFL was thickest in the nasal quadrant (42.38-63.03 μm), followed by the inferior (36.35-53.74 μm) and superior quadrants (36.19-53.64 μm), then the temporal quadrant (21.37-26.52 μm). In the optic disc, the retina was thickest in the superior (286.13-378.29 μm) and inferior quadrants (283.20-375.82 μm), followed by the temporal quadrant (256.90-325.30 μm), then the nasal quadrant (235.40-309.79 μm). The RNFL was thickest in the inferior quadrant (122.07-193.79 μm), followed by the superior (113.48- 188.28 μm), temporal (71.51-146.15 μm), and nasal quadrants (45.99-112.26 μm). The normative values of the disc area (DA), rim area (RA), cup volume (CV), C/D area ratio (CDAR), linear C/D ratio (LCDR) and vertical C/D ratio (VCDR) were 1.37-3.16 mm2 , 0.79-2.64 mm2 , 0.01-0.51 mm3 , 0.03- 0.64, 0.17-0.80 and 0.15-0.78, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the spherical equivalent refractive error was correlated with the RNFL thickness of the macular central area, the nasal quadrant of the outer ring, the nasal quadrant of the optic disc, the inferior quadrant of the optic disc and DA, CV, VCDR (r=-0.197, -0.317, 4.458, 1.633, 0.069, 0.020, 0.040, all P<0.05). A significant negative correlation was found between age and the RNFL thickness of the macular central area, DA, CV, VCDR (r=-0.099, -0.020, -0.005, -0.007, all P<0.05), and a positive correlation was found between age and the RNFL thickness of the nasal quadrant of the outer ring (r=0.141, P=0.046). A positive correlation was found between the axial length and RNFL thickness of the macular central area and the nasal quadrant of the outer ring and CV, VCDR (r=0.414, 1.486, 0.022, 0.045, all P<0.001), and a negative correlation was found between the axial length and inferior quadrant of the optic disc (r=-2.192, P=0.012). Moreover, there was no correlation between gender and the other parameters, except for the RNFL thickness of the nasal quadrant of the outer ring (r=-1.066, P=0.002). Conclusions: This study provides the normative values of macular and optic nerve head parameters in healthy children. Meanwhile, we find that gender, age, refractive error and axial length all have a certain influence on the examination results of OCT. Thus, these factors should be taken into account when using OCT to evaluate and diagnose the fundus diseases of young children in clinical practice.     

Quantification of the retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in normal Indian eyes with optical coherence tomography

PURPOSE: To quantitatively assess the normative values for peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness with Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT 3) in Indian subjects. METHODS: The peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer of 146 normal subjects was imaged on OCT 3 in this cross-sectional study. Thickness of the RNFL around the disc was determined with three 3.4 mm diameter circle OCT scan. The RNFL thickness was measured in four quadrants; superior, nasal, inferior and temporal. The data was analysed using SAS commercial statistical software. Influence of age and gender was evaluated on various measured parameters using unpaired t test, one-way analysis variance (ANOVA) and Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: One hundred and forty six eyes of 146 patients, 84 males and 62 females were studied. The average RNFL thickness in the sample population under study was 104.27 +/- 8.51 (95% CI 87.25-121). The RNFL was thickest in the inferior quadrant, followed by the superior quadrant, and progressively less in nasal and temporal quadrant. The difference between inferior and superior quadrants was not statistically significant. Age had a significant negative correlation with average RNFL thickness (r = -0.321, P = 0.000) and with average superior (r = -0.233, P = 0.005) and average inferior RNFL thickness (r = -0.234, P = 0.004). There was no effect of gender on various RNFL thickness parameters. CONCLUSIONS: RNFL thickness is significantly correlated with age, but not with gender. This normative database of RNFL thickness with OCT in Indian eyes is similar to previously reported values in normal Asian eyes.     

Comparison of retinal nerve fibre layer measurements using optical coherence tomography versions 1 and 3 in eyes with band atrophy of the optic nerve and normal controls

AIMS: To compare retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) measurements were carried out with two different versions of an optical coherence tomography device in patients with band atrophy (BA) of the optic nerve and in normal controls. METHODS: The RNFL of 36 eyes (18 with BA and 18 normals) was measured using an earlier version of an optical coherence tomography device (OCT-1). The measurements were repeated using a later version of the same equipment (OCT-3), and the two sets of measurements were compared. RESULTS: Using OCT-1, the peripapillary RNFL thickness (mean+/-SD, in microm) in eyes with BA measured 80.42+/-6.94, 99.81+/-14.00, 61.69+/-13.02, 101.70+/-12.54, and 57.36+/-16.52 corresponding to the total RNFL average, superior, temporal, inferior, and nasal quadrants, respectively. Using OCT-3, the corresponding measurements were 63.11+/-6.76, 81.22+/-13.34, 39.50+/-8.27, 86.72+/-15.16, and 45.05+/-8.03. Each of these measurements was significantly smaller with OCT-3 than with OCT-1. In normal eyes, RNFL average and temporal quadrant OCT-3 values were significantly smaller than OCT-1 values, but there was no significant difference in measurements from the superior, inferior, and nasal quadrant. CONCLUSIONS: RNFL measurements were smaller with OCT-3 than with OCT-1 for almost all parameters in eyes with BA and in the global average and temporal quadrant measurements in normal eyes. Investigators should be aware of this fact when comparing old RNFL measurement with values obtained with later versions of the equipment.     

应用光学相干断层成像术测量正常人视网膜神经纤维层厚度

目的 评价光学相干断层成像术（ｏｐｔｉｃａｌ ｃｏｈｅｒｅｎｃｅ ｔｏｍｏｇｒｄｐｈｙ,ＯＣＴ）在正常人视网膜神经纤维层（ｒｅｔｉｎａｌ ｎｅｒｖｅ ｆｉｂｅｒ ｌａｙｅｒ,ＲＮＦＬ）厚度测量中的星夜价值及其测量重复性,探讨正常人各年龄组之间ＲＮＦＬ厚度是否存在差异。方法 用ＯＣＴ对１５２例（１５２只眼）正常人进行以视乳头中点为中尽,直径为３．４６ｍｍ圆周的ＲＮＦＬ厚度测量,将检查者按１０岁为一个     

Interocular comparison of nerve fiber layer thickness and its relation with optic disc size in normal subjects

We conducted an investigation of the relation between RNFL thickness and optic disc size along with an interocular comparison of optic disc size, RNFL thickness, and RNFL density in healthy subjects. A total of 64 normal eyes from 32 Korean volunteers were enrolled in this study. A GDx Nerve Fiber Analyzer with software version 2.0.09 was used to image all subjects. Optic disc size was measured by pi x (horizontal radius) x (vertical radius). The RNFL density of each quadrant was calculated by dividing each quadrant integral by the total integral. Optic disc size was positively correlated with the total RNFL thickness (r = 0.615, p < 0.01). Optic disc size and RNFL density were inversely related in the superior quadrant (r = -0.248, p < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between optic disc size and RNFL density in the nasal quadrant (r = 0.439, p < 0.01) and the temporal quadrant to a certain degree. A significant positive correlation was found between the right and left eyes in terms of total RNFL thickness in and that of each quadrant. Interocular RNFL density was positively correlated in both the temporal and nasal quadrants. These findings must be considered when one evaluates and compares RNFL measurements between two eyes as is often the case where both eyes are usually affected in the course of glaucomatous RNFL damage.     

The Humphrey optical coherence tomography scanner: quantitative analysis and reproducibility study of the normal human retinal nerve fibre layer

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To determine the reproducibility of the Humphrey optical coherence tomography scanner (OCT), software version 5.0, for measurement of retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness in normal subjects and to compare OCT measurements with published histological thickness of the human RNFL. METHODS: Three independent measurements were obtained at each session for one eye from 15 normal subjects with a mean age of 30.8 (SD 10.9) years. Scans were taken in the peripapillary retina using the default setting (1.74 mm radius from centre of the optic disc) and were repeated 1 week later. Additional scans were obtained at the optic nerve head (ONH) margin overlying the scleral rim, for comparison with available histological data on the human RNFL. RESULTS: For the 1.74 mm circular scan, the mean coefficient of variation (COV) for the global RNFL thickness measurement was 5% (SD 3%). This increased to 8% (3%) for quadrant measurements and to 9% (3%) with further subdivision into 12 segments. Significant differences (p<0.05) between sessions were only found when the data were divided into segments. The mean RNFL thickness for the 1.74 mm scan was 127.87 (9.81) microm. The RNFL was maximal at the superior disc pole, 161.44 microm (14.8), and minimal at the temporal pole, 83.1 (12.8) microm. Peak thickness values occurred superior temporal and inferior temporal to the vertical axis. RNFL thickness for every sector of the disc was greatest at the margin of the optic disc (mean 185.79 microm; SD 32.61). Although the variation in RNFL thickness around the disc follows published histology data, the OCT underestimates RNFL thickness by an average of 37% (SD 11; range 21-48%). CONCLUSION: The OCT provides reproducible measurement of the retinal structures that are consistent with the properties of the RNFL. However, comparison with available studies of RNFL thickness in the human suggests that in its present form, the OCT underestimates RNFL thickness. Further refinement of this technology is required to improve the accuracy with which the OCT measures retinal nerve fibre layer thickness.     

Long term follow-up of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in eyes with optic nerve head drusen

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of optic nerve head drusen (ONHD) on the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness during follow-up period. METHODS: Twenty-three non-glaucomatous eyes having clinically visible ONHD confirmed by colored disc photos were studied. RNFL thickness was determined with Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). Eyes were re-examined after average of 18 months (ranging between 14 and 22 months). Mean RNFL thickness of each quadrant was compared with previous results at each follow-up visit. RESULTS: Mean RNFL thickness was 88.43 +/- 10.2 micron at first visit and 90.35 +/- 6.9 micron at follow-up in eyes with clinically visible ONHD. The difference between the mean RNFL thickness measured from inferior, superior, nasal and temporal quadrant at first and follow-up visits was not significant (paired t-test, p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The presence of drusen was found to have no effect on RNFL thickness at follow-up visits. OCT may provide a useful means to evaluate and follow up the RNFL thickness in these patients.     

频域OCT对LHON患者神经纤维层厚度的观察

目的 利用频域光学相干断层成像技术(OCT)测量Leber's遗传性视神经病变(LHON)患者视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)厚度,描述LHON患者RNFL厚度变化的影像学特征.方法 回顾性病例对照研究.利用海德堡频域OCT分别对临床拟诊的LHON患者(33例66眼)、正常志愿者(67例67眼)进行环视盘和环黄斑RNFL厚度的测量;同时采集患者静脉血样,进行3个原发性mtDNA突变位点(G11778A,G3460A和T14484C)的检测.根据基因检测结果将临床拟诊的LHON病患者分为LHON组和疑似LHON组,应用单因素方差分析比较LHON组、疑似LHON组与正常对照组之间及两患病组之间视盘和黄斑颞侧、颞上、颞下、鼻侧、鼻上、鼻下及360°平均RNFL厚度的区别.结果 33例临床拟诊的LHON患者中确诊为LHON的患者18例,疑似LHON患者15例.LHON组、疑似LHON组、正常对照组三组之间,环视盘颞侧,颞上,颞下和鼻上的RNFL厚度差异有统计学意义(F值分别为145.14、11.25、57.10、4.48;P＜0.05),环黄斑颞侧、颞上、颞下、鼻侧、鼻上、鼻下的RNFL厚度差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为:24.07、67.01、85.99、130.21、121.90、128.66;P＜0.05);两两比较示,LHON组较正常对照组环视盘除鼻侧、鼻下象限外的RNFL厚度均萎缩变薄(P＜0.05);疑似LHON组较正常对照组环视盘颞侧、颞上、颞下的RNFL厚度萎缩变薄(P＜0.05);LHON组与疑似LHON组比较,无论是环视盘还是环黄斑,各象限RNFL厚度间差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 LHON不仅表现为乳斑束神经纤维层的萎缩,视盘颞上及颞下的弓形纤维也显著萎缩变薄,鼻侧神经纤维可相对保留.     

Using ImageJ to Evaluate Optic Disc Pallor in Traumatic Optic Neuropathy

Purpose

To evaluate optic disc pallor using ImageJ in traumatic optic neuropathy (TON).

Methods

This study examined unilateral TON patients. The optic disc was divided into 4 quadrants (temporal, superior, nasal, and inferior), consistent with the quadrants on optical coherence tomography (OCT) retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness maps. Optic disc photography was performed and disc pallor was quantified using gray scale photographic images imported into ImageJ software. The correlation between optic disc pallor and RNFL thickness was examined in each quadrant.

Results

A total of 35 patients (31 male, 4 female) were enrolled in the study. The mean participant age was 34.8 ± 15.0 years (range, 5 to 63 years). Overall RNFL thickness decreased in 6 patients, with thinning most often occurring in the inferior quadrant (28 of 35 eyes). There was a significant correlation between optic disc pallor and RNFL thickness (superior, rho = -0.358, p = 0.04; inferior, rho = -0.345, p = 0.04; nasal, rho = -0.417, p = 0.01; temporal, rho = -0.390, p = 0.02). The highest level of correspondence between disc pallor and RNFL thickness values outside of the normative 95th percentiles was 39.3% and occurred in the inferior quadrant.

Conclusions

Optic disc pallor in TON was quantified with ImageJ and was significantly correlated with RNFL thickness abnormalities. Thus, ImageJ evaluations of disc pallor may be useful for evaluating RNFL thinning, as verified by OCT RNFL analyses.     

Comparative evaluation of optical coherence tomography in glaucomatous, ocular hypertensive and normal eyes

BACKGROUND: To correlate the findings of optical coherence tomography (OCT) evaluation of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness with visual field changes in glaucomatous, ocular hypertensive and normal eyes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty consecutive normal, 30 consecutive ocular hypertensive and 30 consecutive glaucomatous eyes underwent a complete ophthalmic examination, including applanation tonometry, disc evaluation, (30-2) Humphrey field analyzer white on white (W/W) perimetry and short- wavelength automated perimetry. Thickness of the RNFL around the optic disc was determined with 3.4 mm diameter-wide OCT scans. Average and segmental RNFL thickness values were compared among all groups. A correlation was sought between global indices of perimetry and RNFL thickness. RESULTS: Of the 90 eyes enrolled (mean age of patients 52.32+/-10.11 years), the mean RNFL thickness was significantly less in ocular hypertensive (82.87+/-17.21 mm; P =0.008 and glaucomatous eyes (52.95+/-31.10 microm; P < 0.001), than in normals (94.26+/-12.36 microm). The RNFL was significantly thinner inferiorly in glaucomatous eyes (64.41+/-43.68 microm; P<0.001). than in normals (120.15+/-14.32 microm) and ocular hypertensives (107.87+/-25.79 microm; P<0.001). Ocular hypertensives had thinner RNFL in the nasal, inferior and temporal quadrants (P<0.001) when compared to normals. Global indices in ocular hypertensives on SWAP showed Mean Deviation (MD) of 5.32+/-4.49, Pattern Standard Deviation (PSD) 3.83+/-1.59 and Corrected Pattern Standard Deviation (CPSD) 2.84+/-1.85. The RNFL thickness could not be significantly correlated with global indices of visual fields in ocular hypertensives. CONCLUSION: Optical coherence tomography is capable of detecting changes at the level of RNFL in ocular hypertensive eyes with normal appearance of discs and W/W perimetry fields.     

Optical coherence tomography analysis of axonal loss in band atrophy of the optic nerve

AIMS: To measure axonal loss in patients with band atrophy of the optic nerve caused by optic chiasm compression using optical coherence tomography and to evaluate its ability in identifying this pattern of retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) loss. METHODS: Twenty eyes from 16 consecutive patients with band atrophy of the optic nerve and permanent temporal hemianopia due to chiasmal compression, and 20 eyes from an age and sex matched control group of 16 healthy individuals, were studied prospectively. All patients were submitted to an ophthalmic examination including perimetry and evaluation of the RNFL using optical coherence tomography. Mean RNFL thickness around the optic disc was compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The mean (SD) peripapillary RNFL thickness of eyes with band atrophy was 101.00 (9.89) microm, 62.21 (12.71) microm, 104.89 (12.60) microm, and 50.13 (16.88) microm in the superior, temporal, inferior, and nasal regions, respectively. The total RNFL mean was 79.94 (7.17) microm. In the control group, the corresponding values were 140.10 (16.06) microm, 86.50 (12.17) microm, 144.60 (15.70) microm, and 97.94 (16.02) microm. The total RNFL mean was 117.72 (9.53) microm. The measurements were significantly different between the two groups. Measurements in each of twelve 30 degrees divisions provided by the equipment also showed significantly different values between eyes with band atrophy and normal controls. CONCLUSIONS: Optical coherence tomography was able to identify axonal loss in all four quadrants as well as in each of the twelve 30 degrees segments of the disc. Thus, it seems to be a promising instrument in the diagnosis and follow up of neuro-ophthalmic conditions responsible for RNFL loss, even if predominantly in the nasal and temporal areas of the optic disc.     

不同程度帕金森病患者视盘参数及视网膜神经纤维层厚度定量分析

目的观察不同程度帕金森病(PD)患者视盘参数及视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)厚度的变化。方法2016年10月至2017年10月于首都医科大学宣武医院神经内科检查确诊的原发性PD患者30例30只眼纳入研究。其中,轻中度、重度PD各为15例15只眼,并据此分组。选取同期健康志愿者20名20只眼作为正常对照组。采用傅里叶域OCT对所有受检眼视盘进行扫描。测量视盘面积、视杯面积、杯盘面积比、盘沿容积、视盘容积、视杯容积、盘沿面积、C/D面积、水平C/D、垂直C/D等参数;视盘平均以及上方、下方、颞侧上方(TU)、上方颞侧(ST)、上方鼻侧(SN)、鼻侧上方(NU)、鼻侧下方(NL)、下方鼻侧(IN)、下方颞侧(IT)、颞侧下方(TL)象限的RNFL厚度。3组受检眼视盘参数和RNFL厚度比较采用单因素方差分析;两两比较采用最小显著差法t检验。结果轻中度PD组、重度PD组、正常对照组受检眼视盘面积比较,差异无统计学意义(F=1.226,P>0.05);其余各项视盘参数比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=5.221、5.586、6.302、5.926、5.319、5.404、5.861、6.603,P<0.05)。轻中度PD组、重度PD组受检眼视杯面积、视杯容积、C/D面积、水平C/D、垂直C/D大于正常对照组,盘沿面积、盘沿容积、视盘容积小于正常对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);重度PD组受检眼视杯面积、视杯容积、C/D面积、水平C/D、垂直C/D大于轻中度PD组,盘沿面积、盘沿容积、视盘容积小于轻中度PD组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。轻中度PD组、重度PD组、正常对照组受检眼视盘ST、SN、NU、NL象限RNFL比较,差异无统计学意义(F=3.586、2.852、2.961、2.404,P>0.05)。轻中度PD组、重度PD组受检眼平均RNFL以及TU、IN、IT、TL象限RNFL厚度均小于正常对照组;重度PD组受检眼平均以及TU、IN、IT、TL象限RNFL厚度均小于轻中度PD组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中,随着PD程度的加重,TL、TU象限RNFL变薄最为显著。结论PD患者视盘面积及容积缩小,视杯面积及容积扩大,C/D明显扩大;与正常对照组比较,平均RNFL厚度明显变薄,且以颞上、颞下方最为显著。     

光学相干断层成像术测定国人视网膜神经纤维层厚度正常值的初步研究

目的:光学相干断层成像术(optical coherence tomograpy,OCT)测定国人视网膜神经纤维层(reti-nal nerve fiber layer,RNFL)厚度的正常值,为在青光眼早期诊断中的应用奠定基础。方法:使用OCT对77例111只正常眼进行环绕视乳头的RNFL扫描(3.46mm直径),分析不同年龄、性别、眼别RNFL厚度的差异。结果:不同性别、眼别间RNFL的相应厚度无显著差异(P>0.05);各年龄组RNFL厚度平均值(x±s,μm):上象限为128.00±10.31～149.00±13.17、下象限132.95±9.54～142.33±10.60、全周平均RNFL109.00±4.72～114.28±7.98;RNFL随年龄增长有变薄的趋势,以上象限为明显(P<0.05)。结论:OCT检测所得RNFL厚度的均值与性别及眼别无关;应以年龄分组,在本研究的基础上扩大检验的样本数,建立RNFL正常值。眼科学报1998;14:207～209。     

青光眼视网膜神经纤维层的数码摄影及模糊影像的图像处理

目的 视网膜神经纤维层（ｒｅｔｉｎａｌ ｎｅｒｖｅ ｆｉｂｅｒ ｌａｙｅｒ,ＲＮＦＬ）的检测是青光眼早期诊断的重要手段,但照片冲洗难度大,部分患者难以显示清晰的ＲＮＦＬ图像,为些进行ＲＮＦＬ的数码摄影及模糊影像图像处理的研究。方法 采用Ｎｉｋｏｎ眼底摄像机,连接高分辨Ｋｏｄａｋ数码摄像机。图像处理采用Ｐｈｏｔｏｓｈｏｐ软件。对首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院眼科１０５例青光眼患者,３２例白内障患者,２     

垂体瘤患者视盘周围视网膜神经纤维层厚度分析

目的 利用光学相干断层扫描仪(optical coherence tomography,OCT)测量垂体瘤患者视盘周围视网膜神经纤维层(retinal nerve fiber layer,RNFL)厚度,分析其RNFL厚度改变的区域及与视野损害的相关性.方法 采用OCT Fast RNFL thick 3.4程序对正常人30例(56只眼),垂体瘤视野正常者25例(50只眼),垂体瘤颞侧视野偏盲者35例(56只眼)进行视盘周围RNFL厚度测量,计算RNFL厚度平均值及鼻、颞、上、下各区域的RNFL厚度,对各参数行组内和组间比较.结果 垂体瘤视野正常组与正常组比较RNFL厚度平均值及鼻、上和下方RNFL厚度差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),颞侧RNFL较正常组增厚,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);垂体瘤视野偏盲组与垂体瘤视野正常组及正常组比较RNFL厚度平均值及各区域RNFL厚度均明显变薄,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).垂体瘤视野正常组及视野偏盲组颞侧RNFL厚度均大于鼻侧,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 垂体瘤患者RNFL厚度变化与视野缺损有一致性.OCT可作为判断垂体瘤患者视功能预后的重要指标.     

Correlation between retinal nerve fibre layer thickness and optic nerve head size: an optical coherence tomography study

AIM: To investigate the correlation between retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness and optic nerve head (ONH) size in normal white subjects by means of optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS: 54 eyes of 54 healthy subjects aged between 15 and 54 underwent peripapillary RNFL thickness measurement by a series of three circular scans with a 3.4 mm diameter (Stratus OCT, RNFL Thickness 3.4 acquisition protocol). ONH analysis was performed by means of six radial scans centred on the optic disc (Stratus OCT, Fast Optic Disc acquisition protocol). The mean RNFL values were correlated with the data obtained by ONH analysis. RESULTS: The superior, nasal, and inferior quadrant RNFL thickness showed a significant correlation with the optic disc area (R = 0.3822, p = 0.0043), (R = 0.3024, p = 0.026), (R = 0.4048, p = 0.0024) and the horizontal disc diameter (R = 0.2971, p = 0.0291), (R = 0.2752, p = 0.044), (R = 0.3970, p = 0.003). The superior and inferior quadrant RNFL thickness was also positively correlated with the vertical disc diameter (R = 0.3774, p = 0.0049), (R = 0.2793, p = 0.0408). A significant correlation was observed between the 360 degrees average RNFL thickness and the optic disc area and the vertical and horizontal disc diameters of the ONH (R = 0.4985, p = 0.0001), (R = 0.4454, p = 0.0007), (R = 0.4301, p = 0.0012). CONCLUSIONS: RNFL thickness measurements obtained by Stratus OCT increased significantly with an increase in optic disc size. It is not clear if eyes with large ONHs show a thicker RNFL as a result of an increased amount of nerve fibres or to the shorter distance between the circular scan and the optic disc edge.